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A geographic coordinate system (GCS) uses a three-dimensional spherical surface to define locations on the earth. A GCS is often incorrectly called a datum, but a datum is only one part of a GCS. A GCS includes an angular unit of measure, a prime meridian, and a datum (based on a spheroid).
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Geographic coordinate systems take into account the curvature of the earth and a location is commonly specified in terms of longitude, latitude and elevation.
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