Invisible Computers: The Untold Story of the ENIAC Programmers

Betty Jean Jennings Bartik

Betty Jean Jennings Bartik

Betty Jean Jennings Bartik, one of the original 6 ENIAC programmers, was born on December 27, 1924, on a farm 2 miles outside Alanthus Grove, MO, then a town of 104 residents. She followed a long line of Jennings schoolteachers and attended Northwest Missouri State Teachers College, but she did not want to teach. Ms. Bartik was determined to move to a big city and break out of traditional women's roles. In 1945, towards the end of WWII, Ms. Bartik answered a recruiting letter for women “computers” to calculate firing tables for the Army's Aberdeen Proving Ground operations, then located at the University of Pennsylvania.

For the next 6 years, Ms. Bartik found herself “in the right place at the right time” at the center of the early modern computer era. After programming the ENIAC, Ms. Bartik led the team that converted ENIAC into a stored program computer. She then programmed ENIAC's successor, the BINAC, and worked on logical design for UNIVAC I, the first commercial computer. Ms. Bartik also programmed UNIVAC I and participated in its sales efforts by Remington Rand.

Ms. Bartik received a BS from Northwest Missouri State Teachers College, Master of Education from the University of Pennsylvania, and an honorary PhD in Science from Northwest Missouri University. The newly founded Jean Jennings Bartik Computer Museum at Northwest Missouri University specializes in PC, ENIAC, BINAC and UNIVAC memorabilia.

Dr. Alan Eustace

Dr. Alan Eustace

Alan Eustace, Google's VP of Engineering, joined Google in the summer of 2002. He is responsible for all aspects of the company's product research and development activities. Prior to Google, Alan spent 15 years at Digital/Compaq/HP's Western Research Laboratory where he worked on a variety of chip design and architecture projects, including the MicroTitan Floating Point unit, BIPS – the fastest microprocessor of its era. Alan also worked with Amitabh Srivastava on ATOM, a binary code instrumentation system that forms the basis for a wide variety of program analysis and computer architecture analysis tools. These tools had a profound influence on the design of the EV5, EV6 and EV7 chip designs. Alan was promoted to Director of the Western Research Laboratory in 1999. WRL had active projects in pocket computing, chip multi-processors, power and energy management, Internet performance, and frequency and voltage scaling.

In addition to directing Google's engineering efforts, Alan is actively involved in a number of Google's community-related activities such as The Second Harvest Food Bank and the Anita Borg Scholarship Fund.

Alan is an author of 9 publications and holds 10 patents. He earned a PhD in Computer Science from University of Central Florida.

Kathy Kleiman

Kathy Kleiman

Kathy Kleiman is the historian for the ENIAC Programmers and executive producer of the first full-length documentary to explore their untold story. 20 years ago, Kathy uncovered the programmers' achievements and devoted her undergraduate thesis to writing this missing chapter of computer history. A decade later she returned to the programmers to capture the stories in their own voices. These unique broadcast-quality tapes form the basis of the powerful documentary Kathy plans with Academy Award–winning® documentarian Susan Hadary.

Kathy is also a pioneering attorney. After graduating from college, she programmed large-scale databases and audited data security on Wall Street, attended law school, and became one of the first attorneys in the field of Internet law. A co-founder of ICANN’s Noncommercial Users Constituency and founding director of ACM's Internet Governance Project, Kathy helped shape domain names laws and Internet governance policy. She has spoken on Internet policy matters of free speech and fair use in forums around the world.

Kathy received her BA from Harvard College and her JD from Boston University School of Law. She started programming at the age of 13.

Dr. Telle Whitney

Dr. Telle Whitney

Dr. Telle Whitney is President and CEO of the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology. She has 20 years of experience in the semiconductor and telecommunications industries and has a longstanding commitment to increasing the presence and impact of women in technology.

Telle was part of the founding management team at Malleable Technologies, a startup in the programmable communication area. She served as Vice President of Engineering at Malleable until its acquisition by PMC-Sierra in June 2000. Prior to joining Malleable, Telle was an executive at Actel Corporation, where she held a number of diverse positions in software engineering and chip design.

In 1994, Telle co-founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing (GHC) conference along with Dr. Anita Borg. Today, the GHC conference is one of the Anita Borg Institute's flagship events, and the largest technical gathering for women in the world.

Telle served as ACM Secretary/Treasurer in 2003–2004, and serves on the ACM Queue advisory board. She is a member of the National Science Foundation Committee for Equal Opportunity in Science and Engineering (CEOSE) and a co-founder of the National Center for Women and Information Technology. She serves on the advisory board of Mentornet and the Professional Business Women's Conference (PBWC).

Telle received her PhD from Caltech and her BS from the University of Utah, both in Computer Science.