Sangamo BioSciences, Inc. (Sangamo) is engaged in the development and commercialization of transcription factors for gene regulation and gene modification. Sangamo’s gene regulation and gene modification technology platform is enabled by the engineering of a class of transcription factors known as zinc finger deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-binding proteins (ZFPs). ZFPs can be engineered to make ZFP transcription factors (ZFP TFs), proteins that can be used to turn genes on or off, and ZFP nucleases (ZFNs), proteins that enable to modify DNA sequences in a variety of ways. As ZFPs act at the DNA level, they have applications in areas, including human therapeutics, plant agriculture, research reagents and cell-line engineering. Its ZFP Therapeutic, SB-509 is a plasmid formulation of a ZFP TF activator of the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) gene.