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Main Page - Digital Native

2007-09-25T14:42:31.691Z

Main Page

From Digital Native

What is the Digital Natives project? • Why a Wiki on Digital Natives? • Table of Contents • Related Projects • What We're Reading

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What is the Digital Natives project?

An academic research team -- joining people from the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School and the Research Center for Information Law at the University of St. Gallen in Switzerland -- is hosting and working on the core of this wiki, which illustrates the beginning stages of a larger research project on Digital Natives.

Are all youth digital natives? Simply put, no. Though we frame digital natives as a generation “born digital,” not all youth are digital natives. Digital natives share a common global culture that is defined not by age, strictly, but by certain attributes and experiences related to how they interact with information technologies, information itself, one another, and other people and institutions. Those who were not "born digital" can be just as connected, if not moreso, than their younger counterparts. And not everyone born since, say, 1982, happens to be a digital native. Part of the challenge of this research is to understand the dynamics of who exactly is, and who is not, a digital native, and what that means.

The focus of this research is on exploring the impacts of this generational demarcation between those born with these technologies and those who were not. The project will address the issues and benefits of this digital media landscape and gain valuable insight into how digital natives make sense of their experiences online. This information will help us make recommendations to educators and legislators in a way that supports young people and harnesses the exciting possibilities their digital fluency presents.

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Why a Wiki on Digital Natives?

This wiki is a community work-space for posting information about Digital Natives. Please create an account or log in and start contributing. This site is particularly for parents, teachers, researchers, and DNs themselves to talk about what it means to be born digital and the implications of generational shifts in how people use technology.

We hope in particular that teachers and parents will use this wiki as a place to build out pages where they collaborate on the development of teaching ideas, best practices -- even jointly to create syllabi for different fields.

We encourage you to join in, though we ask that you use your name or a persistent pseudonym if you care to post. The most helpful things would be 1) to build out the narratives, the problems, the possible solutions, and the relevant research/articles for each of the topics we've set up so far or 2) to set up new topics or sections that you'd like to see similar work on by the community.

To begin contributing, please email us so we may verify your account.

Have a video related to DNs? An audio file? A blog post? A bookmark? Link to them from here from the relevant section of the wiki. Or create a new section to fit your content. And feel free to use the "DigitalNatives" tag across taxonomies -- Technorati, del.icio.us, all the rest. There's no reason why this wiki has to be dry and boring. Rich media will help us all understand the phenomenon better. So join in!

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Introduction to the Life of Digital Natives

What is a digital native? How does the generational divide impact the legal, societal, and educational realms? This section is aimed primarily at introducing the life of a digital native, in addition to the various concepts we will be exploring through this research project.

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Digital Identity

Amidst a digital landscape that offers up a constant explosion of information – and influence - natives assert their personal thoughts and experiences, as well as their own political beliefs. digital natives carry this theme of personalization into their wider lives – by creating and ‘showing their own’ in order to – among many other reasons – assert themselves amongst a sea of information and influence.

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Digital Safety

The digital world is inherently more vulnerable to malicious intent via badware, viruses, hackers, etc. Some argue that youth are more susceptible to sexual predators and bullies through cyberspace as well; however, often “new” dangers are “real world” threats now encountered through different mediums. There is a history of panic surrounding the introduction of new media forms into society, and a careful, objective strategy is needed to protect our young people without hindering their development.

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Digital Privacy

Most digital natives (DNs) live online, 24/7, where everything done is recorded for posterity. Some DNs call it expression. Some digital immigrants feel it’s shifting our notions of privacy. Forums for education and discussion around online sharing practices, as well as legal dialogue about the documentation and availability of private information, have become crucial considerations for our society.

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Digital Creativity

Just as an artist may create a sculpture from materials found in the wild, digital natives view the media landscape as their “natural habitat” from which they can pull resources for creativity, expression, and commerce. The future balance of expression and property issues will be an important legal discussion in the years ahead.

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Digital Piracy

Most adults in today’s society recognize the consequences of theft. To them, illegally downloading a song or ripping a DVD carries the same weight as walking out of the grocery store with the an unpaid gallon of milk. Digital Natives, on the other hand, are growing up in a post-Napster world where most of their peers condone casual piracy. From watching uploaded TV shows to getting an upcoming album or movie before the rest of the neighborhood, the youth’s incentives to pirate media significantly outweigh the possible consequences.

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Digital Information Overload

Information overload refers to the increasingly frequent state of having too much information to make a decision or remain informed about a topic. This problem can lead to low productivity, frustration, stress, and poor decision making.

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Digital Information Quality

As opposed to reading books and magazines, digital natives largely draw information from the internet. Since everybody with a computer and internet access can be a publisher on the internet, such information can be incorrect, outdated, or inconsistent. Digital natives should base their knowledge on high quality information, i.e. information that is fit for its intended use. The creation, distribution, and accessibility of such high quality information is crucial for the functioning of an information society built on digital natives.

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Digital Opportunities

Every day, the Internet becomes more important for society. The Internet revolution is fundamentally and significantly changing politics, education, and the nature of human interactions. This section explores the challenges and potential in areas.

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Digital Education

Technology has always been an important factor for education, but the rapid development of Internet and digital technology over the past decade is changing more than just the equipment used in the classroom: kids' learning styles and school behavior are constantly being shaped by the growing presence of the Internet. This section examines digital education and the need digital literacy while also looking at the pros/cons and problems/solutions of digital education.

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Questions for Discussion

How sound a methodology is using one online socialization tool (like Facebook) as a vehicle to explore issues of identity, creativity, and safety?
How do we explore the nuances of the participation gap, taking into account the impact of social inequality and parental fluency?
Who is our digital native? Do we accept the premise that digital natives process information in a different way than immigrants? How do we empirically explore the digital generation gap?
Does the technology develop first, or the social norms about how the tools are used? Are the technological limitations of these tools transforming the way natives socialize and understand themselves?
How do youth in different countries use online socialization tools differently, and what is the significance of these differences? How do on-line social activities affect off-line identity development?

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Us, Elsewhere on the Net


Join Our Group	Join Video Group	Join Picture Pool	What We're Doing

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Related Research Projects

Global Kids - A NYC nonprofit that promotes digital participation among diverse youth, Global Kids asked more than 400 youth to participate in online discussions and communities, and to write essays about how they use, and what intrigues them about digital media.

MIT | New Media Literacies project (NML) - "NML is developing a theoretical framework and hands-on curriculum for K-12 students that integrates new media tools into broader educational, expressive and cultural frameworks."

Mills College - "This project is focused on expanding the California Survey of Civic Capacities and Commitments, an ongoing survey of high school students that explores how digital media has influenced their civic participation."

Northwestern University | Web Use Project - "The study focuses on a diverse group of college students' Internet uses, participation and skill, and examines the relationship between the increasing spread of information technologies and social inequality."

Project Zero | Ethical Perspectives on Young Persons' Use of Digital Media - "This project explores the impact of digital media on young people's ethical development, and develops a curriculum to foster ethical use of digital media."

Stanford University/University of Chicago, Center for Urban School Improvement - "How can digital media enhance the learning environment for young people? This project is studying the after-school digital media program at Center for Urban School Improvement in Chicago to find out. They will determine how the program leads young people to seek out new learning opportunities, develop the skills necessary to work in a digital environment, and support their identity development."

University of California, Berkeley/USC | Digital Youth Research - Explores how kids use digital media in their everyday lives, with a focus on relationships, games, digital divide, and creativity. Focus is on spaces outside of schools.

University of Oslo | Mediatized Stories. Mediation perspectives on digital storytelling among youth. - Four-year international project that "explores how people – youth in particular – use self-representation in digital storytelling to shape and share their lives, and tries to understand these processes through theories of mediation and mediatization across media studies and the field of education."

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What We're Reading

pointer remix in a culture of copy/paste code (MySpace layouts as remix) (danah boyd, September 2007)

WEB 2.0: Keen vs. Weinberger, 'The Wall Street Journal,' July 18, 2007

Responding to Responses to: Viewing American class divisions through Facebook and MySpace

Your first girlfriend -- and the other things search engines store about you

Lessons From the Facebook Riots

College Facebook Mugs Go Online

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getRegio - Markt für Franken

8319-10-22T16:00:30.838Z

Powerset Blog Powerset launches Powerset Labs a...

2007-11-11T22:08:07.133Z

Powerset launches Powerset Labs at TechCrunch40

Powerset is undertaking a huge task: building a natural language search engine that reads and understands every sentence on the Web. The good news is that thanks to the technology that we’ve licensed from PARC combined with homegrown technology developed by our strong team of linguists and computer scientists, we’re well on the path to achieving this goal.

We realize that most companies wait to launch until they have a completely usable beta version. Because Powerset is a natural language search engine, the earlier we have input from the best natural language processing units on the planet – the brains of humans – the quicker our search engine will improve. Through a combination of quantitative feedback, qualitative suggestions and AI learning techniques, Powerset will get much smarter when people are interacting with it.

That’s the reason we’ve decided to create Powerset Labs, which we are opening up to the first group of users today at TechCrunch40. Powerset Labs is a community where users can provide feedback on our product design and natural language engine. While users will not be able to interact with the Powerset open search box across the Web, we are giving users a peek at technology demonstrations that show off some of Powerset’s natural language processing capabilities.

Indiskretion Ehrensache

2007-11-09T15:10:34.045Z

Usability-Kurs according to Tim O'Reilly

Dienstag, 06.11.2007

Vielleicht hat die Web 2.0 Expo eine geheime Agenda: Die Teilnehmer in den Wahnsinn treiben.

tknuewer um # 16:15 in Und sonst?

8 Kommentare | TrackBack (0) | Artikel versenden

Abbruchstimmung auf der Web 2.0 Expo

Dienstag, 06.11.2007

"Web 2.0 Expo" - der Besuch einer solchen Veranstaltung hat was cooles, denken Sie vielleicht? Dann sind Sie in diesen Tagen nicht auf eben jener Expo in Berlin. Denn die Realität ist alles andere als cool.

tknuewer um # 14:10 in Wirtschafter

13 Kommentare | TrackBack (0) | Artikel versenden

Indiskretion Ehrensache

2007-11-09T15:10:01.080Z

Das Sterben der Elefanten

Mittwoch, 07.11.2007

Die erste Elefantenrunde der Münchener Medientage ist überstanden. Sie war eine erstaunliche Dokumentation der Unwissenheit.

tknuewer um # 13:22 in Medienmenschen

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Indiskretion Ehrensache

2007-11-09T15:09:16.322Z

IBM 2.0, oder: Hübsche Spots reichen

Mittwoch, 07.11.2007

Selbst die, die Ahnung haben müssten vom Web, dilettieren bei den Medientagen München munter vor sich hin. Beispiel: IBM.

tknuewer um # 14:52 in Medienmenschen

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Indiskretion Ehrensache

2007-11-09T15:08:31.848Z

Was Spiegel Online so unter Journalismus versteht

Freitag, 09.11.2007

Eine Nachricht, die einen erstarren lässt: Ein englisches Startup hat von seinen Kapitalgebern 100 Millionen Dollar erhalten. 100 Millionen Dollar! So hat es Spiegel Online behauptet. Dumm nur: Das ist Unsinn aus der Feder der Spiegel-Online-Autorin.

tknuewer um # 13:59 in Medienmenschen

2 Kommentare | TrackBack (0) | Artikel versenden

FON

9768-11-06T18:26:36.382Z

Cover Pages: XML and Query Languages

2007-11-19T22:18:30.913Z

XML and Query Languages

Recent XML Query Specifications

[July 12, 2004] W3C Releases Public Working Draft for Full-Text Searching of XML Text and Documents. W3C has published an initial Public Working Draft for XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Full-Text. Created as a joint specification by the W3C XML Query Working Group and the XSL Working Group as part of the XML Activity, this new draft specification defines a language that extends XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 with full-text search capabilities. As defined by the draft, "full-text queries are performed on text which has been tokenized, i.e., broken into a sequence of words, units of punctuation, and spaces." New full-text search facility is implemented by extending the XQuery and XPath languages to support a new "FTContainsExpr" expression and a new "ft:score" function. Expressions of the type FTSelection are composed of:(1) words or combinations of words that are the search strings to be found as matches; (2) Match options such as case sensitivity or an indication to use stop words; (3) Boolean operators that allow composition of an FTSelection from simpler FTSelections; (4) Positional constraints such as indication of match distance or window. The new Full-Text Working Draft endeavors to meet search requirements specified in an updated companion draft XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Full-Text Use Cases. This document provides use cases designed to "illustrate important applications of full-text querying within an XML query language. Each use case exercises a specific functionality relevant to full-text querying. An XML Schema and sample input data are provided; each use case specifies a query applied to the input data, a solution in XQuery, a solution in XPath (when possible), and the expected results." Full-text query designed as an extension of XQuery and XPath will support several kinds of searches not possible using simple substring matching. It allows precision querying of XML documents containing "highly-structured data (numbers, dates), unstructured data (untagged free-flowing text), and semi-structured data (text with embedded tags). Language-based query and token-based searches are also supported; for example, find all the news items that contain a word with the same linguistic stem as the English word "mouse" — which finds occurrences of both "mouse" and "mice" together with possessive forms.

[May 06, 2003] W3C Releases Ten Working Drafts for XQuery, XSLT, and XPath. Through collaborative and coordinated effort between W3C's XML Query Working Group and XSL Working Group, a collection of ten updated working draft specifications has been issued for public review and comment. XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model and XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Functions and Operators are in Last Call WD status through June 30, 2003. XPath 2.0, XSLT 2.0, XQuery 1.0, and other specifications are dependent upon the data model, functions, and operators defined in these two WDs. Other working drafts include XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Formal Semantics, XML Path Language (XPath) 2.0, XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 2.0, XQuery 1.0: An XML Query Language, XML Query Use Cases, XML Query (XQuery) Requirements, XSLT 2.0 and XQuery 1.0 Serialization, and XQuery and XPath Full-Text Requirements. The W3C XSL Working Group "develops and maintains three main specifications: XSL Transformations (XSLT) for transforming XML documents, XSL Formatting Objects (XSL/FO) for formatting XML documents, and, jointly with the XML Query Working Group, XPath 2.0 and associated documents. XPath is used to address, point into, or match portions of XML documents. Since November 2002, the XSL Working Group has been working closely with the XML Query Working Group on XPath 2, the corresponding Data Model, and on XSLT 2.0. The W3C XML Query working group was chartered "to provide flexible query facilities to extract data from real and virtual documents on the Web; the XML Query language should encompass selecting whole documents or components of documents based on specified selection criteria as well as constructing XML documents from selected components. The WG's goal is to produce a formal data model for XML documents with Namespaces (based on the XML Infoset), a set of query operators on that data model (a so-called algebra), and a query language with a concrete canonical syntax based on the proposed operators." Both working groups are part of the W3C XML Activity.

[February 17, 2003] W3C Publishes Working Draft Specifications for Full-Text Search. Members of the W3C XML Query Working Group and XSL Working Group have released two initial public working drafts for Full-Text Search. XQuery and XPath Full-Text Requirements and XQuery and XPath Full-Text Use Cases have been produced as part of the W3C XML Activity. "Full-Text Search" in this context involves "an extension to the XQuery/XPath language. It provides a way to query text which has been tokenized, i.e., broken into a sequence of words, units of punctuation, and spaces. Tokenization enables functions and operators which work with the relative positioning of words (e.g., proximity operators). Tokenization also enables functions and operators which operate on a part or the root of the word (e.g., wildcards, stemming)." The Requirements document specifies (initially) that: XQuery/XPath Full-Text functions must operate on instances of the XQuery/XPath Data Model; Full Text need not be designed as an end-user UI language; while XQuery/XPath Full-Text may have more than one syntax binding, one query language syntax must be convenient for humans to read and write while XQuery/XPath Full-Text may have more than one syntax binding, one query language syntax must be expressed in XML in a way that reflects the underlying structure of the query; if XQuery/XPath Full-Text supports search within names of elements and attributes, then it must distinguish between element content and attribute values and names of elements and attributes in any search. The Use Cases document "illustrates important applications of full-text querying within an XML query language. Each use case exercises a specific functionality relevant to full-text querying; a Schema and sample input data are provided. The full-text queries in these use cases are performed on text which has been tokenized." The W3C working groups welcome public comments on the draft documents and open issues.

[August 20, 2002] W3C Working Groups Update Specifications for XSLT, XML Query, and XPath. Seven revised working draft specifications have been published by the W3C Working Groups for XML Query, XSL, and XML Schema. Several working drafts represent collaborative work by the XSL and XML Query Working Groups, which are jointly responsible for XPath 2.0, a language derived from both XPath 1.0 and XQuery; the XPath 2.0 and XQuery 1.0 Working Drafts are generated from a common source. The updated working drafts include: XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 2.0; XML Path Language (XPath) 2.0; XML Query Use Cases; XQuery 1.0: An XML Query Language; XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Formal Semantics; XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model; XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Functions and Operators. Comments on these drafts may be sent to the W3C Query and Transform mailing list ('public-qt-comments') set up for public feedback on W3C specifications published by the XML Query and XSL Working Groups. [Full context]

[March 26, 2002] W3C Working Draft for XQuery 1.0 Formal Semantics. A public review W3C Working Draft has been published for XQuery 1.0 Formal Semantics, providing the formal semantics of W3C XQuery as specified in XQuery 1.0: A Query Language for XML. "XQuery is a computer language designed to return information to users or their agents. It is applicable to XML data sources from documents to databases, search engines, and object repositories. Much of the WD document is the result of joint work by the W3C XML Query and XSL Working Groups, which are jointly responsible for XPath 2.0, a language derived from both XPath 1.0 and XQuery. The new document defines the formal semantics for XQuery 1.0, and a future version of the document will also define the formal semantics for XPath 2.0. XQuery is a powerful language, capable of selecting and extracting complex patterns from XML documents and of reformulating them into results in arbitrary ways. This document defines the semantics of XQuery by giving a precise formal meaning to each of the constructions of the XQuery specification in terms of the XQuery data model. The document assumes that the reader is already familiar with the XQuery language. Two important design aspects of XQuery are that it is functional (built from expressions, called queries, rather than statements) and typed. 'Types' can be imported from one or several XML Schemas (typically describing the documents that will be processed), and the XQuery language can then perform operations based on these types. In addition, XQuery also supports a level of static type analysis. This means that the system can perform some inference on the type of a query, based of the type of its inputs... These two aspects play an important role in the XQuery Formal Semantics." [Full context]

[August 27, 2001] New W3C Working Draft: XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Functions and Operators Version 1.0. W3C has published a new working draft document which describes constructors, operators, and functions that are used in XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0. The draft "was produced through the efforts of a joint task force of the W3C XML Query Working Group and the W3C XML Schema Working Group and a second joint task force of the W3C XML Query Working Group and the W3C XSL Working Group. The specification defines basic operators and functions on the datatypes defined in XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes for use in XQuery, XPath, and other related XML standards. It also discusses operators and functions on nodes and node sequences as defined in the XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model for use in XQuery, XPath, and other related XML standards. Where XML Schema Part 2 defines a number of primitive and derived datatypes, collectively known as built-in datatypes, the new working draft defines operations on those datatypes. The document defines a number of constructors and other functions that apply to one or more data types; each constructor and function is defined by specifying its signature, a description of each of its arguments, and its semantics. In addition, examples are given of many constructors and functions to illustrate their use. The WD is generally unconcerned with the specific syntax with which the constructors, operators, and functions will be used, and focuses instead on defining the semantics of them as precisely as feasible." [Full context]

[June 12, 2001] XML Syntax for XQuery 1.0 (XQueryX) Published as W3C Working Draft. The W3C XML Query Working Group has released a first public working draft specifying an XML syntax for the W3C XML Query language (XQuery). The draft supplies a W3C XML Schema for the XQuery XML Syntax as well as an XML DTD. The working group intends that the XQueryX DTD and XML Schema "will track the XQuery 1.0 syntax and will be changed as often as the XQuery 1.0 syntax is changed in future Working Drafts." The syntax specification in 'XQueryX' "is a close representation of the abstract syntax found in Appendix B of the XQuery Working Draft; for each production in the abstract syntax, the authors created an equivalent XML representation. XQueryX is thus an XML representation of an XQuery. [Because] it was created by mapping the productions of the XQuery abstract syntax directly into XML productions, the result is not particularly convenient for humans to read and write; however, it is easy for programs to parse, and because XQueryX is represented in XML, standard XML tools can be used to create, interpret, or modify queries." Concurrent with the release of the new XQueryX draft, the XML Query Working Group has published updated four related working drafts: XQuery 1.0, the XML Query Use Cases, XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model, and XQuery 1.0 Formal Semantics. W3C XQuery "is designed to be a small, easily implementable language in which queries are concise and easily understood. It is also flexible enough to query a broad spectrum of XML information sources, including both databases and documents." [Full context]

[February 15, 2001] W3C XML Query Working Group Releases XQuery Working Draft and Related Documents. Provisional update. The W3C XML Query Working Group has published an initial public working draft specification for XQuery: A Query Language for XML. XQuery "is designed to be broadly applicable across all types of XML data sources. XQuery is a functional language in which a query is represented as an expression; it is derived from an XML query language called Quilt, which in turn borrowed features from several other languages." Supporting specifications also released include: (1) XML Query Data Model "which is the foundation of XML Query Algebra; together, these two documents will provide a precise semantics for the XML Query Language. (2) The XML Query Algebra defines a a formal algebraic model for an XML query language. (3) XML Query Use Cases "specifies usage scenarios for the W3C XML Query data model, algebra, and query language." XML Query Requirements articulates "goals, requirements, and usage scenarios for the W3C XML Query data model, algebra, and query language." See further details.

[February 04, 2000] The W3C XML Query Working Group published a working draft document XML Query Requirements on January 31, 2000.

[September 14, 1999] Preliminary information on the W3C XML Query Working Group is available from the W3C XML Activity Page.

The W3C QL'98 - Query Languages Workshop represents one of several efforts to coordinate design activities that focus upon "querying" XML documents, document collections, and document webs. Features already designed within XSL, XPointer, XLink, DOM, DSSSL, and related specifications provide mechanisms for specifying locations/addresses, for tree traversal, and so forth. A current challenge, arguably, is to unify some of these expression/querying sub-languages as a basis for building generalized query facilities that are applicable to a broad range of requirements within different user communities. No formal XML 'query language activity' was established by the W3C when the W3C XML Working Groups were re-chartered in late 1998, but several have predicted that the W3C will eventually charter a new (XML) Query Language activity and/or working group.

[May 06, 1999] In connection with the publication of a working draft version of the XSL Transformations (XSLT) Specification (W3C Working Draft 21-April-1999) it was formally announced that the W3C XSL WG and the XML Linking WG "have agreed to unify XSLT expressions and XPointers. A common core semantic model for querying has been agreed upon, and this draft follows this model (see 6.1 Location Paths). However, further changes particularily in the syntax will probably be necessary. . ."

[April 14, 1999] Sharon Adler, as XSL Co-chair, posted a message to the xsl-list indicating that W3C working groups are indeed moving toward 'XPointer and XSL pattern unification'. "To all of you who wish to see this unification work go forward, I am writing this to let you all know that the work is underway. Last month both working groups voted to pursue this effort even if there was an impact to the schedule. Therefore, we will take a delay to our PR schedule. . ."

Small World Weblog — Plasser.net

2007-11-07T08:43:17.789Z

Open the Google API. Filed Under:. python. Let's make the Google API an .... I instantly fell in love with Flock's del.icio.us social bookmarking features. ...