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The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found Hitchcock Shoes in Oregon, USA Hitchcock Shoes in 1938[1]. However, the Hitchcock Shoes materials used for making shoes do not Hitchcock Shoes normally last for Hitchcock Shoes thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found Hitchcock Shoesevidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise Hitchcock Shoes that going barefoot results in greater Hitchcock Shoes bone growth before this period.[1] Parts of a shoe Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe Sole The bottom of a shoe Hitchcock Shoes is called Hitchcock Shoes the sole. Insole The insole is the interior bottom Hitchcock Shoes of a shoe,Hitchcock Shoeswhich sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health Hitchcock Shoes reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe). Outsole The outsole is the Hitchcock Shoes layer in direct contact withHitchcock Shoesthe ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles Hitchcock Shoes made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different Hitchcock Shoes materials. Often the heel of the Hitchcock Shoes sole is rubber Hitchcock Shoes for durability and traction, while the front is leather for Hitchcock Shoes style. Specialized shoesHitchcock Shoeswill often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles. Midsole The layer in between theHitchcock Shoesoutsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another Hitchcock Shoes material for Hitchcock Shoes shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials Hitchcock Shoes for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all. Heel Women's fashion boots The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to Hitchcock Shoes support the heel of Hitchcock Shoes the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or Hitchcock Shoes to make the Hitchcock Shoes Womens Shoes Size person look Hitchcock Shoes taller, or flat for a more practical use. Vamp, or upper Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this Hitchcock Shoes may be nothing more Hitchcock Shoes than a few straps for holding the Hitchcock Shoes sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, Hitchcock Shoes sneakers and most men's shoes, will Hitchcock Shoes have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or Hitchcock Shoes is Hitchcock Shoes made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes Hitchcock Shoes a method Hitchcock Shoes for Hitchcock Shoes producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967). Accessories to shoes Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot Hitchcock Shoes into Hitchcock Shoes a shoe by keeping theHitchcock Shoesshoe open and providing a smooth surface Hitchcock Shoes for the footHitchcock Shoesto slide upon. Shoe tree: placed Hitchcock Shoes inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape. Shoe polishing equipment: Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to Hitchcock Shoes improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection. Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes. Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes Hitchcock Shoes for rain and snow Hitchcock Shoes protection. (Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. TheseHitchcock Shoesinclude padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems. Shoe bag: a bag that protects shoes against damage when they are not being worn. Shoe Cheap Wedding Shoes stretcher: Hitchcock Shoes a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of Hitchcock Shoes a shoe. Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece Hitchcock Shoes which Hitchcock Shoes increases the area of ground covered by the shoe. Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes. Types of shoes Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England. Dress and casual shoes Dress shoes Hitchcock Shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather Hitchcock Shoes soles, and narrow Hitchcock Shoes sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile. Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either Hitchcock Shoes gender. Hitchcock Shoes The majority of dress shoes have an upperHitchcock Shoescovering, Hitchcock Shoes commonly made of leather, enclosing most of Hitchcock Shoes the lower foot, but Hitchcock Shoes not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, but may also beHitchcock Shoesmade with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be Wild Pair Shoes referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by Hitchcock Shoes lacesHitchcock ShoesorHitchcock Shoeszippers, although some styles have elastic Hitchcock Shoes inserts to ease slipping the shoe on. Men's shoes Men's shoes can be categorized by how they West Shoes are closed: Balmorals: Hitchcock Shoes the Hitchcock Shoes vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; Hitchcock Shoes also known as "closed lacing". In England, Hitchcock Shoes the balmoral is known as Hitchcock Shoes the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole Hitchcock Shoes bluchers. Bluchers: the Clarks Shoes Uk laces are tied to two pieces of leather Hitchcock Shoes independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is known as the Derby shoe. Monk-straps: a buckle and strap Hitchcock Shoes instead of lacing Various other closings exist but are less popular such Hitchcock Shoes as side-elastic closings. Men's shoesHitchcock Shoescan also be decorated in various ways: Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp. Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is Hitchcock Shoes possibly the most popular decoration. Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is Hitchcock Shoes coveredHitchcock Shoeswith a perforated panel, Hitchcock Shoes the wing-tip, which extends down either side of theHitchcock Shoesshoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoralHitchcock Shoesand blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. The tone or style of this article or section may not be Hitchcock Shoes appropriate Hitchcock Shoes for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007) Women's shoes There is a large variety ofHitchcock Shoesshoes Hitchcock Shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories Hitchcock Shoes are: Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a Hitchcock Shoes very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of Hitchcock Shoes the instep. They are popular Hitchcock Shoes for Hitchcock Shoes warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more Hitchcock Shoes comfortable than shoes with a higher heel. High heels may be shoes with Hitchcock Shoes heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see Hitchcock Shoes article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings. Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that Hitchcock Shoes looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of Hitchcock Shoes novelty dress shoe. Either gender Women's sandals Clog Platform shoe: shoe with very Hitchcock Shoes thick soles and heels Moccasin: originated Hitchcock Shoes by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather. Sandals: open shoes consisting of a soleHitchcock Shoesand various straps, leaving much of the footHitchcock Shoesexposed to air. They are thus Hitchcock Shoes popular for warm-weather wear, Hitchcock Shoes because they let the foot be cooler than a Hitchcock Shoes closed-toed shoe would. Saddle shoe: leather shoe Hitchcock Shoes with Hitchcock Shoes a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black Hitchcock Shoes "saddle". Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, Hitchcock Shoes or coin-holders (penny Hitchcock Shoes loafers). Boating shoes, also known Hitchcock Shoes as boat shoes Hitchcock Shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but Hitchcock Shoes more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather Hitchcock Shoes (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of canvas or Hitchcock Shoes featuring a white sole. They have soft Hitchcock Shoes soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck. Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some Hitchcock Shoes are designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well as Hitchcock Shoes work boots and hiking boots. Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas. Athletic shoes Men's and Hitchcock Shoes women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style. Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good Hitchcock Shoes traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or Hitchcock Shoes tennis. Running shoes: very similar to Hitchcock Shoes above, with additional emphasis on cushioning. Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats A shoe for the right foot. Cleat (shoe): a Hitchcock Shoes type of shoe featuring molded or Hitchcock Shoes removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball. A shoe for the right foot. Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground. Hitchcock Shoes Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs Hitchcock Shoes distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more common Hitchcock Shoes today (and Hitchcock Shoes are required on many golf courses since they cause less damage to the greens). Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys. Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if any padding, Hitchcock Shoes and a smooth sticky rubber Hitchcock Shoes sole with an extended rubber rand. Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat Hitchcock Shoes stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provideHitchcock Shoesankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole. Walking shoes: Hitchcock Shoes have Hitchcock Shoes a more flexible sole than Hitchcock Shoes the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not Hitchcock Shoes be water proof. Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion. Ice skates Roller skates Inline skates Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially Hitchcock Shoes designed for attachment to the ski. Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip on Hitchcock Shoes a skateboard. Hitchcock Shoes They are very wide and have extra layers of Hitchcock Shoes padding to protect the skateboarders feet. Cycling shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole to maximize Hitchcock Shoes power transfer Hitchcock Shoes and support the foot. Snowshoes are special shoes for Hitchcock Shoes walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, Hitchcock Shoes snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes inHitchcock Shoeswinter. Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection. Orthopedic shoes Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes Hitchcock Shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such Hitchcock Shoes as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes Hitchcock Shoes and Hitchcock Shoes arch support are made especially for Hitchcock Shoes those with problematic feet. Dance shoes Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe Hitchcock Shoes box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the Hitchcock Shoes dancer Hitchcock Shoes can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and Hitchcock Shoes ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles. Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel of the foot,Hitchcock ShoesAdidas Basketball Shoes andHitchcock Shoesthinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that the foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics Hitchcock Shoes that cross over the top of the foot. They are most commonly pink, Hitchcock Shoes white, black, or pale Hitchcock Shoes tan, although they may be made in specialty Hitchcock Shoes colours such as red Hitchcock Shoes or blue. Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to Hitchcock Shoes the foot by laces or elastic inserts. Tango/flamenco dance shoes. Ballroom Hitchcock Shoes shoes. They fall into two categories Hitchcock Shoes for the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent Hitchcock Shoes leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom Hitchcock Shoes shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that Hitchcock Shoes they can be finished Hitchcock Shoes with a greater variety of colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin Hitchcock Shoes American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the Hitchcock Shoes soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin Hitchcock Shoes shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped. Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination Hitchcock Shoes of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a Hitchcock Shoes reinforced rubber toe. Character shoes. Shoes with a one Hitchcock Shoes to three Hitchcock Shoes inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They Hitchcock Shoes may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps. Foot thongs. Variously called calledHitchcock ShoesFoot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the Hitchcock Shoes ball of a dancer's foot from skin Hitchcock Shoes abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot Hitchcock Shoes thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet. Modern pointe shoes. Ballet shoes. Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers. A foot thong, viewed from the underside. Work shoes Work shoes are designed to Hitchcock Shoes stand heavy wear, to Hitchcock Shoes protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally Hitchcock Shoes made from sturdy leather uppers Hitchcock Shoes and non-leather Hitchcock Shoes outsoles. Sometimes they Hitchcock Shoes are usedHitchcock Shoesfor uniforms or comfort by Hitchcock Shoes nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle Hitchcock Shoes guards. Historical shoes Footwear has been Hitchcock Shoes worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include: Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn Youth Running Shoes today, are found as early as the 14th century. Patten: a European wooden overshoe used Hitchcock Shoes to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continued in use even into the early 20th century. Poulaine: a shoe Hitchcock Shoes with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe Hitchcock Shoes in the 1400s. Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes. Maintenance Breaking-in: Hitchcock Shoes Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, the material Hitchcock Shoes reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the shoes. Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots. Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable this. Sole replacement: soles Hitchcock Shoes also wear out. Hitchcock Shoes Not all shoes can have their soles replaced. Shoelace replacement. When unfit for use, shoes can be Hitchcock Shoes treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and Hitchcock Shoes turned into other raw Hitchcock Shoes materials. See Hitchcock Shoes Nike Grind as an example. Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler. Shoe etiquette In Hitchcock Shoes most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of Hitchcock Shoes the Middle East Hitchcock Shoes and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the United States, especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their Hitchcock Shoes shoes Hitchcock Shoes unless a host specifically invites them to Hitchcock Shoes leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided Hitchcock Shoes for guests. In the Middle East, parts Hitchcock Shoes of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the Hitchcock Shoes soles Hitchcock Shoes of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's head or Hitchcock Shoes be Hitchcock Shoes placed Hitchcock Shoes over it. Although feet touching heads is an Hitchcock Shoes extremely rare occurrence in any society, some MuayHitchcock ShoesThai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with Hitchcock Shoes their Hitchcock Shoes foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin).Hitchcock Shoes |