An employer is a person or institution that hires employees or workers. Employers offer wages or a salary to the Self Employed Courier Jobs workers in exchange for the worker's Self Employed Courier Jobs labor power, depending upon whether the employee is paid by the hour or a set rate Self Employed Courier Jobs per pay Self Employed Courier Jobs period. A salaried employee is typically not paid more Self Employed Courier Jobs for more hours worked than Self Employed Courier Jobs the minimum, whereas wages are paid for all hours worked, Self Employed Courier Jobs including overtime.
Employers include everything from individuals hiring a babysitter to governments Self Employed Courier Jobs and businesses which may hire many thousands of employees. In Self Employed Courier Jobs most western societies governments are the largest single Self Employed Courier Jobs employers, but most of the work force is employed in small and medium businesses in the private sector.
Note that although employees may contribute to the evolution of an an enterprise, the employer maintains autonomous control over the productive Self Employed Courier Jobs base of Self Employed Courier Jobs land and capital, and is the entity named in contracts. The employer typically Self Employed Courier Jobs also maintains ownership of intellectual property created by an employee within the scope of employment and as a function thereof. These are known Self Employed Courier Jobs as "works for hire".
An employers� relative level of power over employees is dependent upon numerous factors; Self Employed Courier Jobs the most influential being the nature of the employment relationship. The relationship employers share with employees is affected by three significant factors � interests, control and motivation. It is up to employers to effectively manage and balance these factors to ensure a harmonious Self Employed Courier Jobs and productive working relationship.
The Self Employed Courier Jobs balance of economic Self Employed Courier Jobs efficiency and social equity is the ultimate debate in the field of employment relations. By meeting the needs of the employer; generating profits to establish and maintain economic efficiency; whilst maintaining Self Employed Courier Jobs a balance with the employee and creating social equity that benefits the Self Employed Courier Jobs worker so that he/she can fund and Self Employed Courier Jobs enjoy healthy living; proves to be a Self Employed Courier Jobs continuous revolving issue in westernised societies.
Globalisation has Self Employed Courier Jobs effected these Self Employed Courier Jobs issues by creating certain economic factors that disallow or allow various employment issues. Economist Edward Lee (1996) studies the effects of globalisation and summarizes the four major points of concern that effect Self Employed Courier Jobs employment relations: (1) International competition, from Self Employed Courier Jobs the newly Self Employed Courier Jobs industrialized countries, will cause unemployment growth and increased wage disparity for unskilled workers Self Employed Courier Jobs in industrialized countries. Imports from low-wage countries exert pressure Self Employed Courier Jobs on the Self Employed Courier Jobs manufacturing sector in industrialized countries and foreign direct investment (FDI) is attracted away from the Self Employed Courier Jobs industrialized Self Employed Courier Jobs nations, towards low-waged countries. (2) Economic liberalization will result in unemployment and wage inequality in developing countries. Self Employed Courier Jobs This happens as job losses in un-competitive industries outstrip job opportunities Self Employed Courier Jobs in new industries. Workers will be forced to accept worsening wages and conditions, as a global labour market results in a �race to the bottom�. Increased international competition creates a pressure to reduce the wages and conditions of workers. Globalization reduces the autonomy of Self Employed Courier Jobs the nation state. Capital is increasingly mobile and Self Employed Courier Jobs the ability of the state to regulate economic activity is reduced.
What also result�s to Lee�s (1996) Self Employed Courier Jobs findings is that in industrialized countries Self Employed Courier Jobs an average of Self Employed Courier Jobs almost 70 per cent of workers are employed in the Self Employed Courier Jobs service Self Employed Courier Jobs sector, most of which consists Self Employed Courier Jobs of non-tradable activities. As a result workers are either forced to become more skilled an develop sought after trades or become Self Employed Courier Jobs of this sector. Ultimately this is a result of changes and Self Employed Courier Jobs trends of employment, an evolving workforce and globalisation Self Employed Courier Jobs that is represented by a Self Employed Courier Jobs more skilled and increasing highly diverse labour force, that are growing in non standard forms of employment
Interests can be best described as monetary constraints and economic pressures placed on organizations in their pursuit of profits. It covers facets Self Employed Courier Jobs such as labour productivity, wages and Self Employed Courier Jobs the effect of financial markets Self Employed Courier Jobs on businesses.
Wood et al (2004, p 355) describe control can as being either output Self Employed Courier Jobs focused, focusing on desired targets with within managers defining, and using, their own methods Self Employed Courier Jobs for reaching targets, or process Self Employed Courier Jobs controls, which specify the manner in which tasks Self Employed Courier Jobs will be achieved (Ibid, p. 357). Employer and managerial control within an organization rests at many levels and has important implications for staff and productivity alike, with control forming the fundamental link between desired outcomes and actual processes. Thus employers must balance Self Employed Courier Jobs interests such as decreasing Self Employed Courier Jobs wage constraints with a maximization of labour productivity in order to achieve a prolific employment relationship.
Motivation Self Employed Courier Jobs is the third and most difficult of the factors in the employment relationship for employers to effectively manage. Employee motivation can often be in direct conflict Self Employed Courier Jobs with control mechanisms of employers, and can Self Employed Courier Jobs be broadly defined as that which energizes, directs and sustains human behaviour Self Employed Courier Jobs ( Stone, Self Employed Courier Jobs 2005, p 412). Dubin (1958, p 213) further elaborates on this, noting Self Employed Courier Jobs motivation as �something that moves a Self Employed Courier Jobs person Self Employed Courier Jobs to action, and continues him in the course of action already initiated.�
The employment relationship is thus a difficult challenge for employers to manage, as Self Employed Courier Jobs all three Self Employed Courier Jobs facets are often in direct Self Employed Courier Jobs competition with Self Employed Courier Jobs each other, with interests, control and motivation often clashing in the equally important quest for individual employee autonomy ,employer command and ultimate profits. |
