A download manager is Rfc Download a computer program dedicated to the task of downloading (and sometime uploading) possibly unrelated stand-alone files from (and sometime to) the Internet for storage. This is unlike a World Wide Rfc Download Web browser, which is mainly intended to browse web pages, composed of Rfc Download a multitude of smaller files, where error-free moving of Rfc Download files for permanent storage Rfc Download is of secondary importance. (A failed or Rfc Download incomplete web page file rarely ruins the page.) The typical download manager at a Rfc Download minimum provides means to recover from errors without losing the work Rfc Download already completed, and can optionally Rfc Download split the file to be downloaded (or uploaded) into 2 or more segments, which are then moved in parallel, potentially making the process faster within the limits of the Rfc Download available bandwidth. (A few servers are known to block moving Rfc Download files in Rfc Download parallel segments, Rfc Download on the Rfc Download principle that server capacity Rfc Download should be shared equally by all users.) Multi-source is the Rfc Download name given to files that are Motorola V265 Usb Software Download downloaded in parallel.
There are several things that some web browsers are Rfc Download not very good at. That's where the download managers enter Rfc Download the equation:
Pausing the downloading of large files.
Resuming broken or Rfc Download paused downloads Rfc Download (especially for very large files).
Downloading files on poor connections.
Downloading several files from a site Rfc Download automatically Rfc Download according to simple rules (file types, updated files, Rfc Download Download Ghex etc. Rfc Download - see also Offline Browser).
Automatic recursive Rfc Download downloads (mirroring).
Scheduled downloads (including, automatic hang-up and shutdown).
Searching for Rfc Download mirror sites, and the handling of different connections to download the same file Rfc Download more quickly (segmented Rfc Download downloading).
Download managers are useful for active Internet users. For dial-up users, they can automatically dial the internet service provider at night, Rfc Download when rates or tariffs are usually lower, download the specified files, and hang-up. They can record which links the user clicks on during the day, and queue these files for later download. For broadband users, download managers can help download very large files by resuming broken downloads, by limiting Rfc Download the bandwidth used, so that other internet activities are not affected (slowed) and the server is not overloaded, or by automatically navigating Rfc Download a site and downloading pre-specified content (photo galleries, MP3 collections, etc.) this can also include automatically downloading whole sites and regularly updating them (see Mirroring).
Many download managers support Metalink, an XML file listing mirrors, checksums, and other information useful for downloading.
See Rfc Download below for some examples of commonly used download managers. Some downloaders are optimized for a certain function. For example, Offline Explorer is designed to download entire websites.
Download managers, such as Go!Zilla, were among Rfc Download the first adware applications displaying a banner ad in the user interface.
Related to download managers are two other Rfc Download breeds of Internet Rfc Download programs, file-sharing peer-to-peer applications (Kazaa, eMule, BitTorrent, Gnutella) and stream recorders (such as StreamBox VCR).
While download managers are designed to give users greater control over downloads, some downloaders are created to give that control to content distributors instead. Some Rfc Download software companies, for example Adobe [1], provide such downloaders for downloading software on their own site. Presumably this increases reliability Rfc Download and reduces tech support costs to Rfc Download them. A possible reason is increasing the control over redistribution of their software (even when the software Rfc Download is freeware).In computer technology and telecommunication, on-line and off-line are Rfc Download defined Rfc Download by Federal Standard 1037C. They are states or conditions of a "device or equipment" or of "a functional unit". To be considered on-line, a device must be at least one of:
"Under the direct control Rfc Download of another device"
"Under the direct Download Vb6 Code control of the system with which it is associated"
"Available for immediate use on demand by the system without human Rfc Download intervention"
"Connected to a system, and is Rfc Download in operation"
"Functional and ready for service"
while a device that is off-line Rfc Download is not (e.g. it has "its main power source disconnected or turned off", Rfc Download and is "off-power").
One example of a common use of these concepts is a Rfc Download Mail User Agent that can be instructed to be Rfc Download in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. One such Rfc Download MUA is Microsoft Outlook. When it is "on-line" it will attempt to connect to mail servers (to check for Rfc Download new Rfc Download mail at regular Rfc Download intervals, for example), and when it is "off-line" it will not attempt to make any such Rfc Download connections. The "on-line" or "off-line" state of the MUA does not necessarily reflect the connection status between the computer on which it is running and Internet. The user may have the computer itself on-line, connected to Internet via a cable modem or an ADSL Rfc Download connection, but may wish for Outlook to be off-line, Rfc Download so that Rfc Download it makes no attempt to send or Rfc Download to Rfc Download receive messages. Or the computer may Rfc Download be configured to employ a dial-up Rfc Download connection on demand (whenever Rfc Download an application such as Outlook attempts to make connection to a server), but Rfc Download the Java Api Download connection may be an expensive telephone call Rfc Download from the particular Rfc Download location in Rfc Download which the computer currently happens to be (such as a hotel room) and the user may not wish Outlook Rfc Download to trigger making that call every 5 or 10 minutes Rfc Download to check for mail.[1]
Another example of the use of these concepts is in Rfc Download the world of digital audio technology. A tape recorder, digital editor, or Rfc Download other device that Rfc Download is "on-line" is Rfc Download one whose clock is under the control Rfc Download of the clock of a "synchronization master" device. Rfc Download When Rfc Download the sync master commences playback, the "on-line" device automatically synchronizes itself to the master and commences playing from the same point in the recording. Whereas a device that is "off-line" uses Rfc Download no external clock reference and relies upon its own internal clock. When a large number of devices are connected to Rfc Download a sync master, it is often convenient, if one wants to hear just the output of one single device, to take it Rfc Download off-line, because if the device is played back Rfc Download on-line all Rfc Download synchronized devices have to locate the playback point and wait for each other to be in synchronization.[2] (For further related discussion, see MIDI Internet Explorer Version Download timecode, word sync, and recording system synchronization.)
A third example Rfc Download of a common use of these concepts is a web browser Rfc Download that can be instructed to be in either "on-line" or "off-line" states. The browser only attempts to fetch pages from servers whilst Rfc Download in the "on-line" state. In the "off-line" state, users Download Saafir The Hitlist Album Free can perform offline browsing, where pages can be Rfc Download browsed using Rfc Download local copies of those Rfc Download pages that have previously been downloaded whilst in the "on-line" state. This can be useful when the computer itself is also off-line, with connection to Internet expensive or impossible. The pages are either downloaded implicitly into the Rfc Download web Rfc Download browser's own cache, as a result of prior on-line browsing by the user, Rfc Download or explicitly by the browser being configured to keep local copies of certain web pages, which it keeps updated when the browser is in the on-line state, either by checking that Rfc Download the local copies are up-to-date at Rfc Download regular Rfc Download intervals or by checking that the local copies are up-to-date whenever the browser is switched to the on-line state. One such web Rfc Download browser capable of being explicitly configured to download pages for offline browsing is Rfc Download Internet Explorer. When pages are added to the "Favourites" Rfc Download list, they can be marked Rfc Download for being made "available for offline browsing". Internet Explorer will download to local copies both the marked page and, Rfc Download optionally, Rfc Download all of the pages that it links to. In Internet Explorer version 6, the level of direct Rfc Download and indirect links, the maximum amount of local disc space Rfc Download allowed to be Rfc Download consumed, and the schedule on which local copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are configurable for Rfc Download each individual Rfc Download "Favourite" entry.
See also:
Offline browsing known as "Offline favourites" was removed as a feature in the most recent version of Internet Explorer 7, which only now supports single web page Rfc Download saving, but not browsing or Rfc Download storing Rfc Download an Rfc Download entire site offline.[citation needed]
Similarly, off-line Rfc Download storage is computer Rfc Download storage that is not "available for immediate Rfc Download use on demand by the system without Rfc Download human intervention", i.e it is storage that is off-line.
The ideas of "on-line" and "off-line" have been generalized Rfc Download from Rfc Download computing and Adobe Cs3 Free Download telecommunication into the field of human interpersonal relationships. Rfc Download The distinction between Rfc Download what is considered "on-line" and what is considered "off-line" has become a subject of study in the field of sociology.[7]
The distinction Rfc Download between "on-line" and "off-line" is conventionally seen as the distinction between computer-mediated communication and face-to-face communication (e.g. face time), respectively. "On-line" is virtuality, Rfc Download and "off-line" is reality (e.g. real life or meatspace). Slater states that this distinction Rfc Download is Rfc Download "obviously far too simple". To support his argument that the distinctions in relationships are more complex than a simple "on-line"/"off-line" dichotomy, he observes that some people draw no distinction between an "on-line" relationship, such as indulging in cybersex, and an Rfc Download "off-line" relationship, such as being pen-pals. He also argues that even the telephone can be regarded as an "on-line" experience in some Rfc Download circumstances, and that the blurring of the distinctions between the uses of various technologies (such as PDA and mobile telephone, television and Internet, and telephone Rfc Download and voice-over-IP) has made it "impossible to use the term 'on-line' meaningfully in Rfc Download the sense that was employed by Rfc Download the first generation of Internet research".[7]
Slater asserts that there are Rfc Download legal and regulatory pressures to reduce the distinction between "on-line" and "off-line", with a "general tendency to assimilate online to offline and Rfc Download erase the distinction", stressing, however, that this does not mean that on-line relationships are being reduced to pre-existing off-line relationships. He conjectures that greater legal status may Rfc Download be assigned to on-line relationships (pointing out that contractual relationships, such as business transactions, on-line are already seen as just as "real" as their off-line counterparts), although he states it to be hard to imagine Rfc Download courts awarding palimony to people who Rfc Download have had a purely on-line Rfc Download sexual relationship. He also conjectures Rfc Download that an "on-line"/"off-line" distinction may be seen by people as "rather quaint and not quite comprehensible" within 10 years.[7]
The distinction where Download Halflife2 Mod "on-line" Rfc Download is seen as virtuality and "off-line" Rfc Download as reality is Rfc Download sometimes Rfc Download inverted, with "on-line" concepts being used to define and to explain "off-line" activities, rather than (as per the conventions of the desktop metaphor with Rfc Download its desktops, trash cans, folders, and so forth) the other way Rfc Download around. Several cartoons by The New Yorker have satirized this. One includes Saint Peter asking Rfc Download for a user name and a password before admitting a man into Heaven. Another illustrates "the Rfc Download off-line store" where "All items are actual size!", Download Belle S Beauty Boutique Crack where shoppers may "Take Rfc Download it home as Rfc Download soon as you pay for it!", and where "Merchandise may be handled prior to purchase!". |
