Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special I Create Movie Ideas effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect I Create Movie Ideas them. Film is considered I Create Movie Ideas to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. I Create Movie Ideas The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of I Create Movie Ideas communication. Some films have become popular I Create Movie Ideas worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a I Create Movie Ideas series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering I Create Movie Ideas between frames due to an effect known as persistence I Create Movie Ideas of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also I Create Movie Ideas called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms I Create Movie Ideas exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most I Create Movie Ideas commonly, movie. Additional terms I Create Movie Ideas for the field in general I Create Movie Ideas include the big screen, the silver I Create Movie Ideas screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths I Create Movie Ideas of simple optical I Create Movie Ideas devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient Iq Movie Quotes speed for the images on the pictures to appear I Create Movie Ideas to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be I Create Movie Ideas carefully designed to achieve the desired I Create Movie Ideas effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame I Create Movie Ideas from Roundhay Garden I Create Movie Ideas Scene, I Create Movie Ideas the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in I Create Movie Ideas motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached I Create Movie Ideas to a drum turned by a handcrank. I Create Movie Ideas The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to I Create Movie Ideas 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of I Create Movie Ideas these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual I Create Movie Ideas component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed I Create Movie Ideas and printed film I Create Movie Ideas and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an I Create Movie Ideas event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these I Create Movie Ideas innovative silent I Create Movie Ideas films had gained I Create Movie Ideas a hold on the public imagination. I Create Movie Ideas Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began I Create Movie Ideas developing I Create Movie Ideas a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways I Create Movie Ideas to portray a story on film. Rather than leave I Create Movie Ideas the audience in silence, theater owners would I Create Movie Ideas hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music Lives Of Others Movie Review fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges I Create Movie Ideas Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise I Create Movie Ideas of European cinema was interrupted I Create Movie Ideas by the breakout of I Create Movie Ideas World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the I Create Movie Ideas rise I Create Movie Ideas of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. I Create Movie Ideas W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the I Create Movie Ideas medium. In the 1920s, new I Create Movie Ideas technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the I Create Movie Ideas action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in I Create Movie Ideas the I Create Movie Ideas development of cinema was I Create Movie Ideas the introduction of so-called I Create Movie Ideas "natural" color. While the addition I Create Movie Ideas of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as I Create Movie Ideas methods evolved making I Create Movie Ideas it more practical I Create Movie Ideas and cost effective to produce "natural color" I Create Movie Ideas films. The public was relatively indifferent I Create Movie Ideas to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as I Create Movie Ideas color processes improved and became I Create Movie Ideas as affordable I Create Movie Ideas as I Create Movie Ideas black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its I Create Movie Ideas competition with I Create Movie Ideas television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, I Create Movie Ideas col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades I Create Movie Ideas saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter I Create Movie Ideas half of the I Create Movie Ideas 20th century. Digital technology has I Create Movie Ideas been I Create Movie Ideas the driving force in I Create Movie Ideas change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main I Create Movie Ideas article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts I Create Movie Ideas that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of I Create Movie Ideas the I Create Movie Ideas Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf I Create Movie Ideas Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. I Create Movie Ideas Andre Bazin reacted against I Create Movie Ideas this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence I Create Movie Ideas lay in its ability Movie Titles One Word to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this I Create Movie Ideas gave rise to I Create Movie Ideas realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and I Create Movie Ideas Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among Download Movie Size other things has I Create Movie Ideas given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film I Create Movie Ideas theory, feminist film theory and I Create Movie Ideas others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that I Create Movie Ideas appears I Create Movie Ideas regularly in newspapers and I Create Movie Ideas other media.
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Film critics working for newspapers, I Create Movie Ideas magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only I Create Movie Ideas see any given film once and I Create Movie Ideas have only a I Create Movie Ideas day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of I Create Movie Ideas certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's I Create Movie Ideas overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up I Create Movie Ideas the majority of any film review can still have an I Create Movie Ideas important I Create Movie Ideas impact I Create Movie Ideas on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is I Create Movie Ideas extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a reviewer on a given film's I Create Movie Ideas box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is I Create Movie Ideas now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some I Create Movie Ideas heavily-promoted I Create Movie Ideas movies which were harshly reviewed, I Create Movie Ideas as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in I Create Movie Ideas little-known films. Conversely, there have been several I Create Movie Ideas films in which film companies I Create Movie Ideas have so little confidence that I Create Movie Ideas they I Create Movie Ideas refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth I Create Movie Ideas seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics I Create Movie Ideas should only be known as film I Create Movie Ideas reviewers, and true film critics are those I Create Movie Ideas who take I Create Movie Ideas a more academic approach to films. This line of I Create Movie Ideas work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt I Create Movie Ideas to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published I Create Movie Ideas in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in I Create Movie Ideas scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film I Create Movie Ideas industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost I Create Movie Ideas as soon as the I Create Movie Ideas process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new I Create Movie Ideas invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and I Create Movie Ideas publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in I Create Movie Ideas the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product I Create Movie Ideas commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of I Create Movie Ideas 1898[citation needed] was I Create Movie Ideas the first commercial motion picture ever I Create Movie Ideas produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate I Create Movie Ideas industry I Create Movie Ideas that overshadowed I Create Movie Ideas the I Create Movie Ideas vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion I Create Movie Ideas picture actors became major I Create Movie Ideas celebrities I Create Movie Ideas and commanded huge fees for I Create Movie Ideas their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one I Create Movie Ideas million dollars.
In the I Create Movie Ideas United I Create Movie Ideas States today, I Create Movie Ideas much I Create Movie Ideas of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the I Create Movie Ideas world, I Create Movie Ideas such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which I Create Movie Ideas produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the I Create Movie Ideas ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though I Create Movie Ideas the expense involved in making movies I Create Movie Ideas has led cinema production to concentrate under I Create Movie Ideas the I Create Movie Ideas auspices of movie studios, recent advances I Create Movie Ideas in affordable film making equipment have I Create Movie Ideas allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force I Create Movie Ideas in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature I Create Movie Ideas of I Create Movie Ideas filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example I Create Movie Ideas being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, I Create Movie Ideas ostensibly I Create Movie Ideas based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or I Create Movie Ideas in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a I Create Movie Ideas movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the I Create Movie Ideas public film premiere I Create Movie Ideas itself. Previews are sometimes I Create Movie Ideas used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result I Create Movie Ideas in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements I Create Movie Ideas for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been I Create Movie Ideas shown at the end I Create Movie Ideas of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the I Create Movie Ideas theater after the films ended, but the I Create Movie Ideas name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created I Create Movie Ideas by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film I Create Movie Ideas may be I Create Movie Ideas made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over I Create Movie Ideas the world using I Create Movie Ideas different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie I Create Movie Ideas making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes I Create Movie Ideas three years. The first year I Create Movie Ideas is taken up with I Create Movie Ideas development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third I Create Movie Ideas year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film I Create Movie Ideas company, employed during the "production" I Create Movie Ideas or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or I Create Movie Ideas provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, I Create Movie Ideas managers, company representatives, their assistants, I Create Movie Ideas and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for Very Young Girl Movie Galleries interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production I Create Movie Ideas special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually I Create Movie Ideas not considered I Create Movie Ideas part of the crew.
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Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or I Create Movie Ideas polyester I Create Movie Ideas base coated with an emulsion containing I Create Movie Ideas light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record I Create Movie Ideas motion pictures, but I Create Movie Ideas due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format I Create Movie Ideas for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and I Create Movie Ideas distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) I Create Movie Ideas [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the I Create Movie Ideas late 19th I Create Movie Ideas century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera I Create Movie Ideas design I Create Movie Ideas � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks I Create Movie Ideas and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound I Create Movie Ideas to be recorded at exactly the same I Create Movie Ideas speed as I Create Movie Ideas its corresponding action. I Create Movie Ideas The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a medium, I Create Movie Ideas film is not I Create Movie Ideas limited to I Create Movie Ideas motion I Create Movie Ideas pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of I Create Movie Ideas still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has I Create Movie Ideas importance as primary historical documentation. However, I Create Movie Ideas historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the I Create Movie Ideas motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � I Create Movie Ideas three B&W negatives each exposed through I Create Movie Ideas red, green, or blue filters (essentially I Create Movie Ideas a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock I Create Movie Ideas is a matter of concern I Create Movie Ideas to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for I Create Movie Ideas nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high I Create Movie Ideas decay rates; black and white films on I Create Movie Ideas safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor I Create Movie Ideas imbibition prints tend to keep up much I Create Movie Ideas better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are I Create Movie Ideas extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because I Create Movie Ideas footage can be evaluated I Create Movie Ideas and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major I Create Movie Ideas motion pictures are still recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or I Create Movie Ideas other major studio systems. An independent I Create Movie Ideas film (or indie film) is a film initially I Create Movie Ideas produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons I Create Movie Ideas have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity I Create Movie Ideas to get a I Create Movie Ideas job on a big-budget studio I Create Movie Ideas film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film I Create Movie Ideas or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital I Create Movie Ideas alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star I Create Movie Ideas in a traditional studio film. The cost of I Create Movie Ideas 35 mm film is I Create Movie Ideas outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were I Create Movie Ideas up 23%, according I Create Movie Ideas to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video I Create Movie Ideas in I Create Movie Ideas the early 1990s, have lowered the I Create Movie Ideas technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly I Create Movie Ideas lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire I Create Movie Ideas connections I Create Movie Ideas and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony I Create Movie Ideas Vegas I Create Movie Ideas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut I Create Movie Ideas Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of I Create Movie Ideas production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and I Create Movie Ideas marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside I Create Movie Ideas the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on I Create Movie Ideas film festivals to get I Create Movie Ideas their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such I Create Movie Ideas as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape I Create Movie Ideas in ways that are still to be I Create Movie Ideas determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content I Create Movie Ideas film is much like I Create Movie Ideas an I Create Movie Ideas independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow I Create Movie Ideas other parties to I Create Movie Ideas create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source I Create Movie Ideas filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other I Create Movie Ideas major studio I Create Movie Ideas systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film I Create Movie Ideas is a film I Create Movie Ideas or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by I Create Movie Ideas the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the Movie Adaptations Greek Tragedy more notable films have actually been I Create Movie Ideas produced I Create Movie Ideas by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as I Create Movie Ideas demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to I Create Movie Ideas rarer full-length I Create Movie Ideas motion I Create Movie Ideas pictures
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Animation is the technique in which each frame of I Create Movie Ideas a film is produced individually, I Create Movie Ideas whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, I Create Movie Ideas or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is I Create Movie Ideas an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of I Create Movie Ideas vision). Generating such a film is very I Create Movie Ideas labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped I Create Movie Ideas up the process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation I Create Movie Ideas for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced I Create Movie Ideas by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several I Create Movie Ideas independent I Create Movie Ideas animation producers have gone on to enter I Create Movie Ideas the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of I Create Movie Ideas increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation I Create Movie Ideas process. This method was pioneered I Create Movie Ideas by UPA I Create Movie Ideas and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although I Create Movie Ideas most animation studios are now I Create Movie Ideas using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. I Create Movie Ideas Cameraless animation, made famous by I Create Movie Ideas moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and I Create Movie Ideas drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for I Create Movie Ideas cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from I Create Movie Ideas existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to I Create Movie Ideas be known as nickelodeons, because I Create Movie Ideas admission typically I Create Movie Ideas cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film I Create Movie Ideas is the featured I Create Movie Ideas presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality I Create Movie Ideas rented for a percentage I Create Movie Ideas of the gross receipts. I Create Movie Ideas Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The I Create Movie Ideas development of television has allowed films to I Create Movie Ideas be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is I Create Movie Ideas no I Create Movie Ideas longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled I Create Movie Ideas consumers to rent I Create Movie Ideas or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD I Create Movie Ideas (and the older formats I Create Movie Ideas of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), I Create Movie Ideas and I Create Movie Ideas Internet downloads may be available and have started to become I Create Movie Ideas revenue I Create Movie Ideas sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or I Create Movie Ideas direct-to-video movies. The production values on these I Create Movie Ideas films are often I Create Movie Ideas considered to be of inferior quality I Create Movie Ideas compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their I Create Movie Ideas own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about I Create Movie Ideas 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing I Create Movie Ideas continues, as an incentive I Create Movie Ideas to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, I Create Movie Ideas often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 I Create Movie Ideas study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS I Create Movie Ideas and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came I Create Movie Ideas from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around I Create Movie Ideas for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television I Create Movie Ideas became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local I Create Movie Ideas movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological I Create Movie Ideas sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion I Create Movie Ideas picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of I Create Movie Ideas inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again I Create Movie Ideas wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with I Create Movie Ideas surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films I Create Movie Ideas at I Create Movie Ideas home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. I Create Movie Ideas These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, I Create Movie Ideas clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker I Create Movie Ideas sound system. I Create Movie Ideas Once again industry analysts I Create Movie Ideas predicted the demise of the local cinema. I Create Movie Ideas Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards I Create Movie Ideas digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema I Create Movie Ideas now I Create Movie Ideas faces a new I Create Movie Ideas challenge from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video I Create Movie Ideas playback at near cinema quality. Video I Create Movie Ideas formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The maximum I Create Movie Ideas resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a massive I Create Movie Ideas resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor to these I Create Movie Ideas new innovations is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the rise of all new technologies, the development of the I Create Movie Ideas home video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was I Create Movie Ideas a record year in film that showed the I Create Movie Ideas highest ever box-office I Create Movie Ideas grosses. Many expected film to suffer as a result of the effects listed above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. |
