The earliest known shoes date Air Jordan Shoes from about 8000 Air Jordan Shoes to 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do not normally last Air Jordan Shoes for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the Air Jordan Shoes fact that the thickness of the bones of the toes (other than Air Jordan Shoes the big toe) decreased during Air Jordan Shoes this Air Jordan Shoes period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom of a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The Air Jordan Shoes insole is Air Jordan Shoes the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for Air Jordan Shoes comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of Air Jordan Shoes the shoe).
Outsole
The outsole is the layer in direct Air Jordan Shoes contact with the ground. Air Jordan Shoes Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made Air Jordan Shoes of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of Air Jordan Shoes the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for Air Jordan Shoes style. Air Jordan Shoes Specialized shoes will often Airwalk Shoes have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes Air Jordan Shoes have much softer or harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the outsole and the insole that is typically Air Jordan Shoes there Air Jordan Shoes for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, Air Jordan Shoes like running shoes, have another material for shock Air Jordan Shoes absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as Air Jordan Shoes the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use.
Vamp, Air Jordan Shoes or upper
Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than Air Jordan Shoes a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's Comfortable Shoes shoes, will Air Jordan Shoes have a more complex upper. This Air Jordan Shoes part is often decorated Air Jordan Shoes or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: Air Jordan Shoes can be Air Jordan Shoes used to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the Air Jordan Shoes shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing Air Jordan Shoes equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain Air Jordan Shoes and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. Faith Shoes These Air Jordan Shoes include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: a bag that protects Air Jordan Shoes shoes against Air Jordan Shoes damage when they are not being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases the area of ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and casual Air Jordan Shoes shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather Air Jordan Shoes uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek Air Jordan Shoes figure. Air Jordan Shoes Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part of the Air Jordan Shoes shoe is often made without Air Jordan Shoes apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; Air Jordan Shoes a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered Air Jordan Shoes a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on.
Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized by how they Air Jordan Shoes are Air Jordan Shoes closed:
Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; Air Jordan Shoes also known as "closed lacing". Air Jordan Shoes In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, Air Jordan Shoes such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher Air Jordan Shoes is known as the Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: a buckle Air Jordan Shoes and strap instead of lacing
Various other closings exist Air Jordan Shoes but are less popular such as Air Jordan Shoes side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes can Air Jordan Shoes also be Air Jordan Shoes decorated in various Air Jordan Shoes ways:
Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather Air Jordan Shoes that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): Air Jordan Shoes The toe of the Air Jordan Shoes shoe is covered with a perforated panel, Air Jordan Shoes the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might Air Jordan Shoes be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
The Air Jordan Shoes tone or style of this article or section may not be Air Jordan Shoes appropriate Air Jordan Shoes for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found on Air Jordan Shoes the talk Air Jordan Shoes page. See Wikipedia's guide to Air Jordan Shoes writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted Air Jordan Shoes as unisex. Some broad categories Air Jordan Shoes are:
Pumps, known in the US and Air Jordan Shoes UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes Air Jordan Shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short Air Jordan Shoes vamp, exposing much of the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel.
High heels may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or Air Jordan Shoes higher. They Air Jordan Shoes are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) Air Jordan Shoes and are thus commonly Air Jordan Shoes worn Air Jordan Shoes by women for formal occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot Air Jordan Shoes and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, Air Jordan Shoes but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to Air Jordan Shoes air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the Air Jordan Shoes instep, typically white uppers with black Air Jordan Shoes "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with Air Jordan Shoes tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also Air Jordan Shoes known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) Flirting Clothing Shoes frequently Air Jordan Shoes made of leather. Some are designed to be used in times Air Jordan Shoes of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style Air Jordan Shoes of casual or dress wear. Hush Puppies Shoes Styles include rubber boots and snow Air Jordan Shoes boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: Air Jordan Shoes For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's and women's athletic shoes and special Air Jordan Shoes function shoes often have less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn by either Air Jordan Shoes sex. Emphasis tends Air Jordan Shoes to be more on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis Air Jordan Shoes shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis.
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Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning.
Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or Air Jordan Shoes metal Air Jordan Shoes cleats
A shoe for the right foot.
Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or Air Jordan Shoes baseball.
A shoe for the Air Jordan Shoes right Air Jordan Shoes foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made Air Jordan Shoes of Air Jordan Shoes metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike Air Jordan Shoes are Air Jordan Shoes much more common today (and are required on many golf courses since they cause less damage to the greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress Air Jordan Shoes shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as Air Jordan Shoes not to damage bowling Air Jordan Shoes alley floors. They are often rented Air Jordan Shoes or loaned Air Jordan Shoes at bowling alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe Air Jordan Shoes designed for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if any padding, Air Jordan Shoes and a smooth sticky rubber sole Women Shoes with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with many Air Jordan Shoes lace eyelets, Air Jordan Shoes to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: have a Air Jordan Shoes more flexible sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may Air Jordan Shoes have Air Jordan Shoes air holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for Air Jordan Shoes skating on the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller Air Jordan Shoes skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a large, thick plastic Air Jordan Shoes boot specially designed for attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better Air Jordan Shoes grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and Air Jordan Shoes have extra Air Jordan Shoes layers of padding to protect the skateboarders feet.
Cycling Air Jordan Shoes shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless Air Jordan Shoes pedals, Air Jordan Shoes as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes Air Jordan Shoes for walking in thick Air Jordan Shoes snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while Air Jordan Shoes providing additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort Air Jordan Shoes qualities, Air Jordan Shoes such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These Air Jordan Shoes have a toe box that Air Jordan Shoes is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons Air Jordan Shoes that are tied to the dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole Air Jordan Shoes is typically Air Jordan Shoes made of leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel of the Air Jordan Shoes foot, Air Jordan Shoes and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that the foot can be Air Jordan Shoes pointed to Air Jordan Shoes its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured Air Jordan Shoes by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are most commonly pink, Air Jordan Shoes white, black, or pale tan, although they may Air Jordan Shoes be made in specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized Air Jordan Shoes sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide Air Jordan Shoes both flexibility and traction, and a low Air Jordan Shoes (one Air Jordan Shoes inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International Air Jordan Shoes DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Air Jordan Shoes Latin American. Both are characterised by suede Air Jordan Shoes soles. Mens' Air Jordan Shoes Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually Air Jordan Shoes made of fabric so Air Jordan Shoes that they can Air Jordan Shoes be finished with a greater variety of colours to match the Air Jordan Shoes dancer's Air Jordan Shoes dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot Air Jordan Shoes while Air Jordan Shoes Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the Air Jordan Shoes toes Air Jordan Shoes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch Air Jordan Shoes to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes Air Jordan Shoes have 2,5-inch Air Jordan Shoes to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
Dance sneakers. Also known Air Jordan Shoes as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with a one Air Jordan Shoes to three inch heel, which are Air Jordan Shoes usually made of leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. Air Jordan Shoes They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by Air Jordan Shoes attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws Air Jordan Shoes and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that Air Jordan Shoes protect the ball of Air Jordan Shoes a Air Jordan Shoes dancer's foot from skin Air Jordan Shoes abrasions while executing turns. Air Jordan Shoes From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer Air Jordan Shoes the Air Jordan Shoes appearance of having bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by Air Jordan Shoes acro dancers.
A foot thong, viewed from the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the Air Jordan Shoes wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made Air Jordan Shoes from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather Clark S Shoes outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military Air Jordan Shoes personnel, Air Jordan Shoes etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles Air Jordan Shoes or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn Air Jordan Shoes for tens of Air Jordan Shoes thousands of years. Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are Air Jordan Shoes still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continued in use Air Jordan Shoes even Air Jordan Shoes into the early 20th century.
Poulaine: Air Jordan Shoes a shoe with a long-pointed Air Jordan Shoes toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of Air Jordan Shoes many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes are made Air Jordan Shoes of hard but deformable Air Jordan Shoes material. After a person wears them multiple times, the Air Jordan Shoes material Air Jordan Shoes reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed Air Jordan Shoes of. The exception Air Jordan Shoes can Air Jordan Shoes be with most athletic Air Jordan Shoes sneakers which can be recycled and Air Jordan Shoes turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a Air Jordan Shoes cobbler.
Shoe Air Jordan Shoes etiquette
In most Air Jordan Shoes parts of the world Air Jordan Shoes (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of Air Jordan Shoes the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is Air Jordan Shoes customary to remove shoes when entering Air Jordan Shoes a house. In Air Jordan Shoes some areas of Air Jordan Shoes the Jordans Shoes United States, especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into Air Jordan Shoes the house. Air Jordan Shoes For some societies, including those Air Jordan Shoes in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests.
In the Air Jordan Shoes Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea Air Jordan Shoes and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the Air Jordan Shoes feet to others Air Jordan Shoes (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Air Jordan Shoes Thailand, it is an extreme insult for Air Jordan Shoes the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's head or Air Jordan Shoes be placed over it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, Air Jordan Shoes some Muay Thai boxers Air Jordan Shoes insult each Air Jordan Shoes other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin). |
