The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. Franco Sarto Shoes However, the materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and Franco Sarto Shoes 26,000 years ago, based on the fact Franco Sarto Shoes that the thickness of the bones of the toes Franco Sarto Shoes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, Franco Sarto Shoes on the premise that going barefoot Franco Sarto Shoes results Franco Sarto Shoes in greater bone growth before this Franco Sarto Shoes period.[1]
Parts Franco Sarto Shoes of a Franco Sarto Shoes shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom of a shoe Franco Sarto Shoes is called the Franco Sarto Shoes sole.
Insole
The Franco Sarto Shoes insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly Franco Sarto Shoes beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort Franco Sarto Shoes or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the Franco Sarto Shoes shoe).
Outsole
The outsole is the layer Franco Sarto Shoes in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may Franco Sarto Shoes comprise a single Franco Sarto Shoes piece, or Franco Sarto Shoes may comprise separate pieces Franco Sarto Shoes of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is Franco Sarto Shoes rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have Franco Sarto Shoes spikes embedded in the outsole Franco Sarto Shoes to grip the ground; many kinds Franco Sarto Shoes of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in Franco Sarto Shoes between the outsole and the insole that is Franco Sarto Shoes typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different Franco Sarto Shoes materials for the midsoles Franco Sarto Shoes of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the Franco Sarto Shoes foot. They are often made Franco Sarto Shoes of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be Franco Sarto Shoes high for fashion or to make the person look Franco Sarto Shoes taller, or flat Franco Sarto Shoes for Franco Sarto Shoes a more practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any shoe has an upper part that Franco Sarto Shoes helps hold the shoe onto Franco Sarto Shoes the Franco Sarto Shoes foot. Franco Sarto Shoes In the simplest cases, Franco Sarto Shoes such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such Franco Sarto Shoes as Franco Sarto Shoes boots, sneakers Franco Sarto Shoes and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon.
Shoe Franco Sarto Shoes tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing Franco Sarto Shoes equipment:
Shoe polish: a Franco Sarto Shoes waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, Franco Sarto Shoes and provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply Franco Sarto Shoes polish to Franco Sarto Shoes shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes Franco Sarto Shoes for rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These Vegan Shoes include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: Franco Sarto Shoes a bag that protects shoes against damage when they are Brooks Running Shoes not being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort Franco Sarto Shoes in Franco Sarto Shoes areas of a shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden Franco Sarto Shoes or leather piece Franco Sarto Shoes which increases the area of Franco Sarto Shoes ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made from real Franco Sarto Shoes crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and casual shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather Franco Sarto Shoes outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority Franco Sarto Shoes of Franco Sarto Shoes dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe Franco Sarto Shoes is often made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe Franco Sarto Shoes featured Franco Sarto Shoes in women's shoes. Franco Sarto Shoes Shoes with uppers made high to cover the Franco Sarto Shoes ankles are also Franco Sarto Shoes available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to Franco Sarto Shoes ease slipping the shoe on.
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Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed:
Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped Franco Sarto Shoes slit to which the laces are attached; Cycling Shoes also known as "closed Franco Sarto Shoes lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used Franco Sarto Shoes by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied Franco Sarto Shoes to two pieces of leather independently Franco Sarto Shoes attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". Franco Sarto Shoes In England, the Franco Sarto Shoes Blucher is known as the Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead of lacing
Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes can also Franco Sarto Shoes be decorated in Franco Sarto Shoes various ways:
Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: has an Franco Sarto Shoes extra layer Franco Sarto Shoes of leather that "caps" the toe. This is Franco Sarto Shoes possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is Franco Sarto Shoes covered with Franco Sarto Shoes a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends Franco Sarto Shoes down either side Franco Sarto Shoes of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
The Franco Sarto Shoes tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate Franco Sarto Shoes for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for Franco Sarto Shoes suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There Franco Sarto Shoes is Franco Sarto Shoes a large Shoes Online variety of shoes available for women, in Franco Sarto Shoes addition to most of the men's Franco Sarto Shoes styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively Franco Sarto Shoes short vamp, exposing much Franco Sarto Shoes of the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen Franco Sarto Shoes as more comfortable than shoes with a higher Franco Sarto Shoes heel.
High heels Franco Sarto Shoes may be shoes with heels 2 Franco Sarto Shoes inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more Franco Sarto Shoes sex appeal than Franco Sarto Shoes low heels (see article for discussion) and Franco Sarto Shoes are thus commonly Franco Sarto Shoes worn by women for formal occasions or social outings.
Sneaker Franco Sarto Shoes boot and sneaker pump: a shoe Franco Sarto Shoes that looks Houser Shoes Employment like Franco Sarto Shoes an Franco Sarto Shoes athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a Franco Sarto Shoes kind of Franco Sarto Shoes novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel Franco Sarto Shoes and usually made of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of Franco Sarto Shoes a sole and various straps, leaving Franco Sarto Shoes much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because Franco Sarto Shoes they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped Franco Sarto Shoes band Franco Sarto Shoes over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a Franco Sarto Shoes dress Franco Sarto Shoes or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar Franco Sarto Shoes to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) Franco Sarto Shoes with no frills. Often Franco Sarto Shoes made of canvas or featuring a white sole. Franco Sarto Shoes They Franco Sarto Shoes have soft soles/heels Franco Sarto Shoes to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck.
Boots: Long Franco Sarto Shoes shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or Franco Sarto Shoes dress wear. Styles Franco Sarto Shoes include rubber boots and Franco Sarto Shoes snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers Franco Sarto Shoes (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general Franco Sarto Shoes purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, Franco Sarto Shoes and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, Franco Sarto Shoes and have good traction. Special varieties Franco Sarto Shoes are available for Franco Sarto Shoes basketball or tennis.
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Running shoes: very similar to above, with Franco Sarto Shoes additional emphasis on cushioning.
Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats
A shoe for the right foot.
Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball. Franco Sarto Shoes
A shoe for the right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" Boat Shoes made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more Franco Sarto Shoes common today (and are required on many golf Franco Sarto Shoes courses since they cause less damage to the greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes Franco Sarto Shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They Franco Sarto Shoes are often Franco Sarto Shoes rented or loaned at bowling alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if Franco Sarto Shoes any padding, and a smooth Franco Sarto Shoes sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on Journeys Shoes uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than the running Franco Sarto Shoes shoe, lighter in weight than Franco Sarto Shoes the hiking boot, may Franco Sarto Shoes have air holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments Franco Sarto Shoes for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot Franco Sarto Shoes specially designed for attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to Franco Sarto Shoes protect the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and Franco Sarto Shoes support the foot.
Snowshoes are special Franco Sarto Shoes shoes for Franco Sarto Shoes walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational Franco Sarto Shoes purposes in winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic Franco Sarto Shoes or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a Franco Sarto Shoes toe box Franco Sarto Shoes that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the dancer Franco Sarto Shoes can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's Franco Sarto Shoes ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole Franco Sarto Shoes is Houser Shoes Empolyment typically made of leather, with thicker material Franco Sarto Shoes under the ball and heel of the foot, and Franco Sarto Shoes thinner and thus more Franco Sarto Shoes flexible material Merrel Shoes under the arch so that the foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by Franco Sarto Shoes elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz Franco Sarto Shoes shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low Franco Sarto Shoes (one inch Franco Sarto Shoes or Franco Sarto Shoes shorter) heel. They are secured to the Franco Sarto Shoes foot by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They Franco Sarto Shoes fall into two categories for the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with Franco Sarto Shoes 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be finished with Franco Sarto Shoes a greater variety Franco Sarto Shoes of colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes Franco Sarto Shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on Franco Sarto Shoes to the toes and the soles are more Franco Sarto Shoes flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to Franco Sarto Shoes 3-inch heels, Franco Sarto Shoes open-toed and strapped.
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Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced Franco Sarto Shoes rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with a one to Franco Sarto Shoes three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot Franco Sarto Shoes during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap Franco Sarto Shoes shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Franco Sarto Shoes Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot Franco Sarto Shoes covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing Franco Sarto Shoes turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare Factory Brand Shoes feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers.
A foot thong, viewed from the underside.
Work shoes
Work Franco Sarto Shoes shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, Franco Sarto Shoes to protect the wearer, Franco Sarto Shoes and provide high traction. They are generally made Franco Sarto Shoes from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Franco Sarto Shoes Sometimes they are used Franco Sarto Shoes for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: Franco Sarto Shoes a European Franco Sarto Shoes wooden overshoe used Franco Sarto Shoes to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. Franco Sarto Shoes First Franco Sarto Shoes worn in the middle ages, they Franco Sarto Shoes continued in use even into the early 20th Franco Sarto Shoes century.
Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple Franco Sarto Shoes times, the Dvs Shoes material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is Franco Sarto Shoes said to have broken in the shoes.
Polishing: Franco Sarto Shoes for protection, water resistance Franco Sarto Shoes (to some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels Franco Sarto Shoes periodically wear out. Not all Franco Sarto Shoes shoes are designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all Franco Sarto Shoes shoes can Franco Sarto Shoes have Franco Sarto Shoes their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and Franco Sarto Shoes disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into other raw materials. Franco Sarto Shoes See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs Franco Sarto Shoes shoes in a shop is Franco Sarto Shoes called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as Franco Sarto Shoes well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the United States, especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People do this Franco Sarto Shoes to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including those in Asia, Franco Sarto Shoes indoor footwear may be Franco Sarto Shoes provided for guests.
In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea Franco Sarto Shoes and Thailand, Franco Sarto Shoes it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it Franco Sarto Shoes is Franco Sarto Shoes an extreme insult for the foot, socks, Franco Sarto Shoes or Franco Sarto Shoes shoes to touch someone's head or be placed over Franco Sarto Shoes it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their Franco Sarto Shoes foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin). |
