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History Of Shoes

The earliest known shoes

History Of Shoes

date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used

History Of Shoes

for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were History Of Shoes probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about History Of Shoes 40,000 History Of Shoes and History Of Shoes 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones History Of Shoes of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in History Of Shoes greater bone growth before History Of Shoes this period.[1] Parts of a shoe Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe Sole The History Of Shoes bottom of a shoe is called the sole. Insole The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, History Of Shoes or smell of the shoe). Outsole The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces History Of Shoes of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many History Of Shoes kinds of dancing shoes have History Of Shoes much softer or harder soles. Midsole The layer in between the outsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, History Of Shoes like running History Of Shoes shoes, have another material for shock History Of Shoes absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all. Heel Women's fashion boots The bottom History Of Shoes rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of History Of Shoes the same material as the sole of the shoe. History Of Shoes This part can be History Of Shoes high History Of Shoes for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use. Vamp, History Of Shoes or upper Any shoe has an upper History Of Shoes part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such History Of Shoes as sandals or History Of Shoes flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for History Of Shoes holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more History Of Shoes complex upper. This part

History Of Shoes

is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The History Of Shoes U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from History Of Shoes 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967). Accessories to shoes Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot into a shoe by History Of Shoes keeping the shoe

History Of Shoes

open and providing a smooth surface History Of Shoes for the foot to slide upon. Shoe tree: placed

History Of Shoes

inside the shoe when user is History Of Shoes not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape. Shoe polishing equipment: Shoe History Of Shoes polish: a waxy material spread History Of Shoes on History Of Shoes shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection. Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes. Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and History Of Shoes snow protection. (Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various Merrel Shoes materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. History Of Shoes These include History Of Shoes padding and inner linings. Inserts may History Of Shoes also be used to correct foot problems. Shoe bag: a bag that protects shoes against damage when they are History Of Shoes not being worn. Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe. Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece

History Of Shoes

which increases History Of Shoes the area of ground covered by the shoe. Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes. Types of shoes Shoes made from Factory Brand Shoes real crocodile skin, in a History Of Shoes conservation exhibit at Bristol History Of Shoes Zoo, England. Dress and casual shoes Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather History Of Shoes soles, History Of Shoes and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy History Of Shoes leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile. Some designs of dress History Of Shoes shoes can be worn History Of Shoes by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the

History Of Shoes

lower foot, History Of Shoes but not covering the History Of Shoes ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with History Of Shoes uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the History Of Shoes ankle History Of Shoes is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or History Of Shoes high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces History Of Shoes or zippers, although some History Of Shoes styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on. Men's shoes Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed: Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; History Of Shoes also known as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known History Of Shoes as the History Of Shoes Oxford. The word "Oxford"

History Of Shoes

is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers. Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as History Of Shoes "open lacing". In England, the History Of Shoes Blucher is known as the Derby shoe. Monk-straps: a buckle and History Of Shoes strap instead of History Of Shoes lacing Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings. Men's shoes can History Of Shoes also be History Of Shoes decorated in various ways: Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the

History Of Shoes

vamp. Cap-toes: has History Of Shoes an extra layer History Of Shoes of leather History Of Shoes that "caps" History Of Shoes the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration. Brogues (American: wing-tips): The History Of Shoes toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the History Of Shoes wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues History Of Shoes can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007) Women's shoes There is a large variety of History Of Shoes shoes History Of Shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are: Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a History Of Shoes relatively short vamp, exposing

History Of Shoes

much of History Of Shoes the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel. High heels may History Of Shoes be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more History Of Shoes sex appeal than low History Of Shoes heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by History Of Shoes women for formal occasions or social outings. Sneaker boot and Dvs Shoes sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress shoe. Either gender Women's sandals Clog Platform shoe: shoe with very History Of Shoes thick soles and heels Moccasin: originated

History Of Shoes

by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a History Of Shoes heel and usually made of leather. Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to History Of Shoes air. They are Franco Sarto Shoes thus popular for warm-weather History Of Shoes wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would. Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over History Of Shoes the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle". Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, History Of Shoes buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers). Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes History Of Shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but History Of Shoes more casual. History Of Shoes Laces, if present, are usually simple leather History Of Shoes (often two-tone) with no frills. History Of Shoes Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck. Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are designed to be used in times History Of Shoes of bad weather, or simply as

History Of Shoes

an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include

History Of Shoes

rubber boots and snow boots, History Of Shoes as well as work boots and hiking boots. Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas. Athletic shoes Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have less History Of Shoes difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases

History Of Shoes

these History Of Shoes shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more History Of Shoes on Bape Shoes function than style. Sneakers/trainers History Of Shoes (also called gym History Of Shoes shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose History Of Shoes athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis. Running shoes: History Of Shoes very similar to above, History Of Shoes with additional emphasis on History Of Shoes cushioning. Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats A shoe for the right foot. Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs.

History Of Shoes

Usually worn while History Of Shoes playing sports such as History Of Shoes rugby, football, American football, or baseball. A shoe for the right foot. Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in History Of Shoes grass History Of Shoes and wet History Of Shoes ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were

History Of Shoes

made of metal but replaceable "soft History Of Shoes spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike History Of Shoes are much more common today (and are required on many golf courses since they cause less damage to the greens). Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber History Of Shoes soles/heels so as not History Of Shoes to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys. Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock History Of Shoes climbing. They typically have a close History Of Shoes fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended

History Of Shoes

rubber rand. Hiking shoes or boots:

History Of Shoes

usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra Saddle Shoes large traction on the sole. Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not be History Of Shoes water proof. Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating History Of Shoes on the bottom of the shoe portion. Ice skates Roller skates Inline History Of Shoes skates Ski boot: a large, thick plastic History Of Shoes boot specially designed History Of Shoes for attachment to the ski. Skateboarding shoes History Of Shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. History Of Shoes They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect the skateboarders feet. Cycling shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff History Of Shoes sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot. Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter. Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection. Orthopedic shoes Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support History Of Shoes are made especially for those with problematic feet. Dance shoes Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue History Of Shoes and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and History Of Shoes ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles. Ballet shoes Heel-less History Of Shoes slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The History Of Shoes sole is typically made of leather, with thicker material under the

History Of Shoes

ball and History Of Shoes heel of the History Of Shoes foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that History Of Shoes the foot can be pointed History Of Shoes to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They History Of Shoes are most commonly pink, white, black, or History Of Shoes pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue. Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch History Of Shoes or shorter) History Of Shoes heel.

History Of Shoes

They are secured to the foot by laces or elastic inserts. Tango/flamenco dance shoes. Ballroom shoes. They History Of Shoes fall into two categories for the two genres of dances History Of Shoes as History Of Shoes defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin History Of Shoes American. Both History Of Shoes are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent leather History Of Shoes uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually History Of Shoes made of fabric so that they can History Of Shoes be finished with a greater variety of colours to match History Of Shoes the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to History Of Shoes the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch History Of Shoes shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes History Of Shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped. Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a

History Of Shoes

reinforced rubber toe. Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually made of History Of Shoes leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They History Of Shoes may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps. Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot History Of Shoes Paws and FootUndeez, depending on

History Of Shoes

the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial History Of Shoes foot covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing

History Of Shoes

turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet. History Of Shoes Modern pointe shoes. Ballet shoes. Jazz shoes. This style is History Of Shoes frequently History Of Shoes worn History Of Shoes by acro dancers. A foot thong, History Of Shoes viewed from the underside. Work shoes Work shoes are designed to stand History Of Shoes heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by History Of Shoes nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. History Of Shoes They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining,

History Of Shoes

and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards. Historical shoes Footwear History Of Shoes has been worn

History Of Shoes

for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include: Espadrilles: these sandals, which are History Of Shoes still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century. Patten: a European History Of Shoes wooden overshoe used History Of Shoes to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continued in use even into the early 20th century. Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s. Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes. Maintenance Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a History Of Shoes person History Of Shoes wears them multiple times, the material reforms to fit the History Of Shoes wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the shoes. Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent)

History Of Shoes

and appearance, especially for History Of Shoes leather shoes and boots. Heel replacement: History Of Shoes heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable History Of Shoes this. Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced. Shoelace replacement. When unfit for use, shoes can History Of Shoes be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be History Of Shoes with most athletic sneakers which can History Of Shoes be History Of Shoes recycled History Of Shoes and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example. Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler. Shoe etiquette In most parts History Of Shoes of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much History Of Shoes of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary History Of Shoes to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the United States, especially History Of Shoes the Midwest, it is History Of Shoes expected that visitors remove their shoes unless History Of Shoes a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People do this History Of Shoes to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including

History Of Shoes

those History Of Shoes in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests. In the History Of Shoes Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered History Of Shoes rude to show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such History Of Shoes as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme History Of Shoes insult for the foot, socks, or History Of Shoes shoes to touch someone's History Of Shoes head or History Of Shoes be placed over it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other History Of Shoes by History Of Shoes "kicking" the

History Of Shoes

opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the History Of Shoes shin).

History Of Shoes