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The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 Carlos Santana Shoes to 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical Carlos Santana Shoes anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between Carlos Santana Shoes about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1] Parts of a shoe Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe Sole The bottom of Carlos Santana Shoes a shoe is called the sole. Insole The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have Carlos Santana Shoes removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often Carlos Santana Shoes added Carlos Santana Shoes for comfort or health reasons (to control the Carlos Santana Shoes shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe). Outsole The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural Carlos Santana Shoes rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may

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comprise Carlos Santana Shoes a single piece, or may Carlos Santana Shoes comprise separate pieces of Carlos Santana Shoes different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many Carlos Santana Shoes kinds of dancing shoes have much Carlos Santana Shoes softer or harder soles. Midsole The layer Carlos Santana Shoes in between the outsole and the insole Carlos Santana Shoes that is Carlos Santana Shoes typically there for shock absorption. Some Carlos Santana Shoes types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different

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companies use different materials Carlos Santana Shoes for the midsoles Carlos Santana Shoes of Carlos Santana Shoes their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all. Heel Women's fashion boots The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is Carlos Santana Shoes to support the heel of Carlos Santana Shoes the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be Carlos Santana Shoes high for fashion or to make the Carlos Santana Shoes person look taller, Carlos Santana Shoes or flat for a more practical use. Vamp, or upper Any shoe has an upper part Carlos Santana Shoes that helps hold the

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shoe onto the Carlos Santana Shoes foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding Carlos Santana Shoes the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a Carlos Santana Shoes more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. Carlos Santana Shoes The U.S. Carlos Santana Shoes Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for Carlos Santana Shoes producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967). Accessories to shoes Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot Carlos Santana Shoes into a shoe by Carlos Santana Shoes keeping the shoe open Carlos Santana Shoes and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon. Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape. Shoe polishing equipment: Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes Carlos Santana Shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection. Shoe brush and

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polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes. Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection. (Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved Carlos Santana Shoes fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems. Shoe bag: a bag that Carlos Santana Shoes protects shoes against damage when they are not being worn. Shoe stretcher: Carlos Santana Shoes a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas Carlos Santana Shoes of a shoe. Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases the area of ground covered by the Carlos Santana Shoes shoe. Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes. Types of shoes Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England. Dress and casual shoes Dress shoes are categorized Carlos Santana Shoes by smooth and Carlos Santana Shoes supple leather Carlos Santana Shoes uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy Carlos Santana Shoes leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile. Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have Carlos Santana Shoes an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on. Men's shoes Men's shoes can be categorized by how Carlos Santana Shoes they are closed: Balmorals: the Carlos Santana Shoes vamp has Carlos Santana Shoes a Carlos Santana Shoes V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; also known Carlos Santana Shoes as "closed lacing". In Carlos Santana Shoes England, the Carlos Santana Shoes balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American Carlos Santana Shoes clothing companies to market shoes that are not Carlos Santana Shoes balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers. Bluchers: the Carlos Santana Shoes laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached Carlos Santana Shoes to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In

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England, the Blucher is known as the Derby shoe. Monk-straps: a buckle and

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strap instead of lacing Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings. Men's shoes can also be decorated in Carlos Santana Shoes various ways: Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance Carlos Santana Shoes and no Carlos Santana Shoes extra decorations on the vamp. Cap-toes: Carlos Santana Shoes has Carlos Santana Shoes an extra layer of Carlos Santana Shoes leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration. Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends

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down either side of the shoe. Brogues can Carlos Santana Shoes be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by Carlos Santana Shoes expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page Carlos Santana Shoes or at requests for expansion. The tone or style of this article or section may Carlos Santana Shoes not be appropriate for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be Carlos Santana Shoes found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles Carlos Santana Shoes for suggestions.(December 2007) Women's shoes There is Carlos Santana Shoes a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles Carlos Santana Shoes being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are: Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, Carlos Santana Shoes ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes Carlos Santana Shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing Carlos Santana Shoes much of the instep. Carlos Santana Shoes They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than Carlos Santana Shoes shoes with a higher heel. High heels may be Carlos Santana Shoes shoes Carlos Santana Shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are Carlos Santana Shoes often seen as having more sex Carlos Santana Shoes appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social Carlos Santana Shoes outings. Sneaker Carlos Santana Shoes boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress shoe. Either gender Women's sandals Clog Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels Moccasin: originated

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by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather. Sandals: open shoes consisting Carlos Santana Shoes of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot Carlos Santana Shoes exposed to air. Carlos Santana Shoes They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they

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let the foot be cooler Carlos Santana Shoes than a Carlos Santana Shoes closed-toed shoe would. Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle". Loafer: a Carlos Santana Shoes dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers). Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, Carlos Santana Shoes if present, are usually Carlos Santana Shoes simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck. Boots: Long shoes (covering Carlos Santana Shoes the Carlos Santana Shoes ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply Carlos Santana Shoes as an alternate style Carlos Santana Shoes of Carlos Santana Shoes casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots Carlos Santana Shoes and snow boots, as well as work boots and Carlos Santana Shoes hiking boots. Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas. Athletic Carlos Santana Shoes shoes Men's and Carlos Santana Shoes women's athletic shoes and Carlos Santana Shoes special function shoes often have less difference between the Carlos Santana Shoes sexes Carlos Santana Shoes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn by Carlos Santana Shoes either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style. Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic

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to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties Carlos Santana Shoes are available for basketball or tennis. Running shoes: very Carlos Santana Shoes similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning. Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats A shoe for Ugg Shoes the Carlos Santana Shoes right Carlos Santana Shoes foot. Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring Carlos Santana Shoes molded or

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removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports Carlos Santana Shoes such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball. A shoe for Carlos Santana Shoes the right foot. Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like

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materials with prongs distributed radially around the Carlos Santana Shoes edge of each spike are much more common Carlos Santana Shoes today (and are required on many golf courses since Carlos Santana Shoes they cause less damage to the greens). Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic Carlos Santana Shoes shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to Carlos Santana Shoes damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or

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loaned at bowling alleys. Climbing shoes: a shoe designed Carlos Santana Shoes for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, Carlos Santana Shoes little if any padding, and a smooth sticky Carlos Santana Shoes rubber sole with an extended rubber rand. Hiking shoes or boots: usually have

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a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, Carlos Santana Shoes with extra large Carlos Santana Shoes traction on the sole. Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole Carlos Santana Shoes than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not be water proof. Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating Carlos Santana Shoes on the bottom of the shoe portion.

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Ice skates Roller skates Inline skates Ski boot: a Carlos Santana Shoes large, Carlos Santana Shoes thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the Carlos Santana Shoes ski. Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. Carlos Santana Shoes They are Carlos Santana Shoes very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect the skateboarders feet. Cycling shoes

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are equipped with

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a metal or plastic cleat to Carlos Santana Shoes interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot. Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter. Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection. Orthopedic shoes Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic Carlos Santana Shoes and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and

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arch support are made especially for Carlos Santana Shoes those with problematic feet. Dance shoes Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They Carlos Santana Shoes are secured by elastic straps and ribbons that are Carlos Santana Shoes tied to the dancer's ankles. Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made Carlos Santana Shoes of canvas or leather, Carlos Santana Shoes with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is Carlos Santana Shoes typically made Carlos Santana Shoes of leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel of the foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch Carlos Santana Shoes so that the foot Carlos Santana Shoes can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers

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are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although Carlos Santana Shoes they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue. Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility Carlos Santana Shoes and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured Carlos Santana Shoes to the foot by Carlos Santana Shoes laces or elastic inserts. Tango/flamenco dance shoes. Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two genres of dances as defined by the Carlos Santana Shoes IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American.

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Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels Carlos Santana Shoes and patent leather uppers. Carlos Santana Shoes Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be finished with a greater variety of colours

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to match the dancer's dress. The low Carlos Santana Shoes Ballroom heel distributes the Carlos Santana Shoes dancer's Carlos Santana Shoes weight across the foot while

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Latin American shoes have higher heels designed Carlos Santana Shoes to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch Carlos Santana Shoes shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped. Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are Carlos Santana Shoes a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe. Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and Carlos Santana Shoes often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during

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dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be Carlos Santana Shoes converted to tap shoes by attaching taps. Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a Carlos Santana Shoes dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give

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a dancer the appearance of having bare feet. Modern pointe shoes. Ballet shoes. Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers. A foot thong, viewed from Carlos Santana Shoes the underside. Work shoes Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, Carlos Santana Shoes to protect the wearer, Carlos Santana Shoes and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly Carlos Santana Shoes used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and Carlos Santana Shoes soles or ankle guards. Historical Carlos Santana Shoes shoes Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include: Espadrilles: these sandals, which Carlos Santana Shoes are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century. Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep Carlos Santana Shoes a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn Carlos Santana Shoes in the middle Carlos Santana Shoes ages, they continued in use even into Carlos Santana Shoes the early 20th Carlos Santana Shoes century. Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s. Moccasins: Carlos Santana Shoes the historical shoe of many North Carlos Santana Shoes American Indian tribes. Maintenance Breaking-in: Some shoes are Carlos Santana Shoes made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. Carlos Santana Shoes The person is said to have broken in the shoes. Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots. Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Carlos Santana Shoes Not all shoes are designed to enable this. Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced. Shoelace replacement. When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into Carlos Santana Shoes other raw Carlos Santana Shoes materials. See Nike Grind as an example. Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler. Shoe etiquette In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, Carlos Santana Shoes as well Carlos Santana Shoes as Alaska) Carlos Santana Shoes it is customary to remove shoes when Carlos Santana Shoes entering a house. In some areas of the Carlos Santana Shoes United States, especially the Midwest, it is Carlos Santana Shoes expected that visitors remove their shoes Carlos Santana Shoes unless a host Carlos Santana Shoes specifically invites them to leave Carlos Santana Shoes their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud Carlos Santana Shoes or snow into the house. For some societies, Carlos Santana Shoes including those in Asia, indoor footwear

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may be provided for Carlos Santana Shoes guests. In the Middle East, Carlos Santana Shoes parts of Africa, Korea Carlos Santana Shoes and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet to others Carlos Santana Shoes (even accidentally, such as by crossing Carlos Santana Shoes the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's head or be placed over it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the

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opponent's

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head Carlos Santana Shoes with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin).

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