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The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. High Heel Shoes Physical High Heel Shoes anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found High Heel Shoes evidence that the use of shoes began in High Heel Shoes the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot

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results in greater bone growth before this period.[1] Parts of a shoe Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe Sole The bottom of a shoe is called the sole. Insole The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often High Heel Shoes added for comfort or health reasons (to control the shape,

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moisture, or smell of High Heel Shoes the shoe). Outsole The High Heel Shoes outsole is the layer High Heel Shoes in direct contact with the High Heel Shoes ground. Dress High Heel Shoes shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of High Heel Shoes natural rubber or a High Heel Shoes synthetic High Heel Shoes imitation. The outsole may comprise a High Heel Shoes single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front High Heel Shoes is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often High Heel Shoes have High Heel Shoes modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in High Heel Shoes the outsole to grip High Heel Shoes the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles. Midsole The layer in High Heel Shoes between the outsole and the insole that High Heel Shoes is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, High Heel Shoes like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel High Heel Shoes where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes High Heel Shoes may High Heel Shoes not have a midsole at all. Heel Women's fashion boots The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function High Heel Shoes is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be High Heel Shoes high for fashion or High Heel Shoes to make the person look taller, or flat

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for a more practical use. Vamp, or upper Any shoe has an upper part that helps High Heel Shoes hold the shoe onto the foot. In High Heel Shoes the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, High Heel Shoes this may be nothing more than a few High Heel Shoes straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, High Heel Shoes sneakers and most men's shoes, will High Heel Shoes have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made High Heel Shoes in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent High Heel Shoes 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a High Heel Shoes method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967). Accessories to shoes Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot

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into a shoe by keeping

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the shoe open and providing a smooth surface High Heel Shoes for the foot to slide upon. Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe High Heel Shoes when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape. Shoe polishing equipment: Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on High Heel Shoes shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection. Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes. Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection. (Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. High Heel Shoes Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems. Shoe bag: a High Heel Shoes bag High Heel Shoes that protects shoes against damage when they are not being worn. Shoe stretcher: a tool for High Heel Shoes making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe. Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases the area of ground covered by the shoe. Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes. Types of shoes Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England. Dress and casual shoes Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek High Heel Shoes figure. Casual shoes are characterized by High Heel Shoes sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile. Some designs of dress shoes can High Heel Shoes be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part of High Heel Shoes the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's High Heel Shoes shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is High Heel Shoes usually considered a boot High Heel Shoes but High Heel Shoes certain styles may be referred to as High Heel Shoes high-topped High Heel Shoes shoes

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or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by High Heel Shoes laces or zippers, although some styles High Heel Shoes have elastic inserts High Heel Shoes to ease slipping High Heel Shoes the shoe on. Men's shoes Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed: Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the High Heel Shoes laces are attached; High Heel Shoes also known as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as High Heel Shoes rubber-sole bluchers. Bluchers: the laces are High Heel Shoes tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also High Heel Shoes known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is known as the Derby shoe. Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead of lacing Various other closings High Heel Shoes exist but are High Heel Shoes less popular such as side-elastic closings. Men's shoes can also be decorated High Heel Shoes in various ways: Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp. Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the High Heel Shoes toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration. Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe

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of

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the shoe is covered High Heel Shoes with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page

High Heel Shoes

or at requests for expansion. The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing High Heel Shoes better articles for suggestions.(December 2007) Women's shoes There is a large variety of shoes High Heel Shoes available for women, in addition to most High Heel Shoes of the men's styles being more High Heel Shoes accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are: Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a High Heel Shoes very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the High Heel Shoes instep. They are popular High Heel Shoes for warm-weather High Heel Shoes wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than High Heel Shoes shoes with a higher heel. High High Heel Shoes heels may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) High Heel Shoes and are thus High Heel Shoes commonly worn by women for High Heel Shoes formal occasions or social

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outings. Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that High Heel Shoes looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a High Heel Shoes heel, making it a kind of novelty High Heel Shoes dress shoe. Either gender Women's sandals Clog Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather. Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, High Heel Shoes leaving High Heel Shoes much of the foot exposed to High Heel Shoes air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, High Heel Shoes because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed High Heel Shoes shoe would. Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle". Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers). Boating shoes, also known as boat High Heel Shoes shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather High Heel Shoes (often two-tone) with no frills.

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Often High Heel Shoes made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck. Boots: Long High Heel Shoes shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include High Heel Shoes rubber boots and snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots. Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas. Athletic

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shoes Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have High Heel Shoes less difference between High Heel Shoes the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn by either sex.

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Emphasis tends to be more on function than style. Sneakers/trainers (also High Heel Shoes called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, High Heel Shoes flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis. Running shoes: High Heel Shoes very similar to above, High Heel Shoes with additional emphasis on cushioning. Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats A shoe for the right foot. Cleat (shoe):

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a type of shoe featuring molded High Heel Shoes or High Heel Shoes removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball. A shoe for the right foot. Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable High Heel Shoes "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more common today (and are required on many High Heel Shoes golf courses since they cause less damage to the greens). Bowling shoes: intermediate High Heel Shoes style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley Ugg Shoes floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys. Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand. Hiking High Heel Shoes shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra High Heel Shoes large traction on the sole. Walking shoes: have a more flexible High Heel Shoes sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not be water proof. Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion. Ice skates Roller skates Inline skates Ski High Heel Shoes boot: a large, thick plastic boot

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specially designed for attachment to the ski. Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip on High Heel Shoes a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to

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protect the skateboarders feet. Cycling shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, High Heel Shoes as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot. Snowshoes are special shoes for walking High Heel Shoes in thick snow. In temperate High Heel Shoes climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter. Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while High Heel Shoes providing additional traction and protection. Orthopedic shoes Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are High Heel Shoes made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded High Heel Shoes removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch High Heel Shoes support are made especially for those with High Heel Shoes problematic High Heel Shoes feet. Dance shoes Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box High Heel Shoes that is

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stiffened with High Heel Shoes glue and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons that are

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tied to the High Heel Shoes dancer's ankles. Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of leather, High Heel Shoes with thicker material High Heel Shoes under the ball and heel of the foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that the foot can be pointed

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to its utmost. Ballet High Heel Shoes slippers are usually secured High Heel Shoes by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue. Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) High Heel Shoes to provide both flexibility and traction, High Heel Shoes and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to High Heel Shoes the foot by laces or elastic inserts. Tango/flamenco dance shoes. Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two High Heel Shoes genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both High Heel Shoes are characterised by High Heel Shoes suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically High Heel Shoes lace-ups High Heel Shoes with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made High Heel Shoes of fabric so High Heel Shoes that they High Heel Shoes can be finished with a greater variety of colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's High Heel Shoes weight across the High Heel Shoes foot while Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes

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and the soles are more flexible. Carlos Santana Shoes Men's Latin shoes typically High Heel Shoes have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and High Heel Shoes strapped. Dance sneakers. Also High Heel Shoes known as dansneakers, these are a High Heel Shoes combination of a sneaker and a High Heel Shoes dance shoe, High Heel Shoes with a reinforced rubber toe. Character shoes. High Heel Shoes Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually made High Heel Shoes of High Heel Shoes leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. High Heel Shoes They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may High Heel Shoes be converted to High Heel Shoes tap shoes by attaching taps. Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, High Heel Shoes depending on the manufacturer, these High Heel Shoes are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball Bostonian Shoes of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet. Modern pointe shoes. Ballet shoes. Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers. A foot thong, viewed from the underside. Work shoes Work shoes are designed High Heel Shoes to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally High Heel Shoes made from sturdy leather uppers and High Heel Shoes non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or High Heel Shoes comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military High Heel Shoes personnel, etc. They High Heel Shoes are commonly High Heel Shoes used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards. Historical shoes Footwear has been worn for

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tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include: Espadrilles: these High Heel Shoes sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century. Patten: a European High Heel Shoes wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet

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dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continued High Heel Shoes in use even into the early 20th century. Poulaine: High Heel Shoes a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s. Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian High Heel Shoes tribes. Maintenance Breaking-in: Some shoes High Heel Shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the shoes. Polishing: for protection,

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water resistance (to some extent) and appearance, High Heel Shoes especially for leather shoes and boots. Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all High Heel Shoes shoes are designed to enable this. Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced. Shoelace replacement. When unfit High Heel Shoes for use, High Heel Shoes shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with High Heel Shoes most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example. Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler. Shoe etiquette In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East

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and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove

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shoes when entering High Heel Shoes a house. In some areas of the United High Heel Shoes States, especially the

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Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their High Heel Shoes shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid High Heel Shoes bringing dirt, High Heel Shoes mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including those in Asia,

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indoor footwear may be provided for High Heel Shoes guests. In the Middle East,

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parts High Heel Shoes of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered High Heel Shoes rude to show the soles High Heel Shoes of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In High Heel Shoes addition, in Thailand, it is an

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extreme insult High Heel Shoes for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's head or be placed over it. Although feet touching High Heel Shoes heads is High Heel Shoes an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai High Heel Shoes boxers insult each High Heel Shoes other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot High Heel Shoes (most Muay Thai

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kicks are executed with the High Heel Shoes shin).

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