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The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were Jante Shoes found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness Jante Shoes of the bones of the toes (other than the big Jante Shoes toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone Jante Shoes growth before this period.[1] Parts of a shoe Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe Sole The bottom of a shoe is called the sole. Insole The insole is Jante Shoes the Jante Shoes interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the Jante Shoes foot. Many Jante Shoes shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health Jante Shoes reasons (to control Jante Shoes the shape, moisture, Ugg Shoes or smell of the shoe). Outsole The outsole is Jante Shoes the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress Jante Shoes shoes have leather outsoles; Jante Shoes casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. Jante Shoes The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may Jante Shoes comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole Jante Shoes is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather Jante Shoesfor style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to Jante Shoes grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles. Midsole The layer in between the outsole Jante Shoes and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some Jante Shoes shoes may not have a midsole at all. Heel Women's fashion boots The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the Jante Shoes same material as the sole Jante Shoes of Jante Shoes the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use. Vamp, or upper Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe Jante Shoes onto Jante Shoes the foot. Jante Shoes In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be Carlos Santana Shoes nothing more than Jante Shoes a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more Jante Shoes complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, Jante Shoes describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967). Accessories to Jante Shoes shoes Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot into a shoe by Jante Shoes keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for Jante Shoes the foot to slide upon. Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape. Shoe polishing equipment: Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes Jante Shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and Jante Shoes provide protection. Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes. Overshoes Jante Shoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placedJante Shoesover shoes for rain and snow protection. (Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. Jante Shoes These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot Bostonian Shoes problems. Shoe bag: a bag that protects shoes against damage when they are not being worn. Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of High Heel Shoes a shoe. Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which Jante Shoes increases the area Jante Shoes of ground covered by the Jante Shoes shoe. Shoelaces: a system Jante Shoes used to secure shoes. Types of shoes Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit Jante Shoes at Bristol Zoo, England. Dress and casual shoes Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile. Some designs of dress Jante Shoes shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority Jante Shoes of dress shoes have an upper Jante Shoes covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the Jante Shoes lower foot, Jante Shoes but Jante Shoes not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often Jante Shoes made Jante Shoes without apertures or openings, but Jante Shoes may also be made with openings or Green Shoes even Jante Shoes itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are Jante Shoes also Jante Shoes available; a shoe with the upper rising above Jante Shoes the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped Jante Shoes shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic Jante Shoes inserts to ease slipping the shoe Jante Shoes on. Men's shoes Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed: Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; also known asJante Shoes"closed Jante Shoes lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers. Bluchers: the laces are tied to two Jante Shoes pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In Jante Shoes England, the Blucher is known as the Derby shoe. Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead of lacing Various other closings exist but Jante Shoes are Jante Shoes less popular such as side-elastic Jante Shoes closings. Men's shoes can also Jante Shoes be decorated in various ways: Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance Jante Shoes and no extra decorations on the vamp. Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly theJante Shoesmost popular decoration. Brogues (American: Jante Shoes wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated Jante Shoes panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information Jante Shoes might be found on the talk page or at requests Jante Shoes for Jante Shoes expansion. The tone or style of this article or section Jante Shoes may not be appropriate Jante Shoes for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(DecemberJante Shoes2007) Women's shoes There is a large variety Jante Shoes of shoes available for Jante Shoes women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are: Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes Jante Shoes with a very low Jante Shoes heel and a relatively short vamp, Jante Shoes exposing much of the instep. They Jante Shoes are popular for warm-weather Jante Shoes wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel. High heels may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having Jante Shoes more Jante Shoes sex appeal than low heels (see Jante Shoes article for discussion) and are Jante Shoes thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings. Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that Jante Shoes looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, Jante Shoes making it a kind of novelty dress shoe. Either gender Women's sandals Clog Platform shoe: shoe with very Jante Shoes thick soles and heels Moccasin: originated by Native Jante Shoes Americans, a Jante Shoes soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather. Sandals: open shoes consisting of aJante Shoessole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot Jante Shoes be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would. Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting Jante Shoes saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white Jante Shoes uppers Jante Shoes with black "saddle". Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels,Jante Shoesbuckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers). Boating shoes, Jante Shoes also known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar to Asics Running Shoes a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if Jante Shoes present, are Jante Shoes usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no Jante Shoes frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck. Boots: Long shoes (covering the Jante Shoes ankle) frequently made Jante Shoes of leather. Some are designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well as work Jante Shoes boots and hiking boots. Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn Jante Shoes with pajamas. Athletic shoes Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have Jante Shoes less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn by either sex. EmphasisJante Shoestends to be more on function than style. Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general Jante Shoes purpose athletic shoes; Jante Shoes made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have Jante Shoes good Steel Toe Shoes traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis. Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning. Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats A shoe for the right foot. Cleat Jante Shoes (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as Jante Shoes rugby, football, Jante Shoes American football, or baseball. A shoe forJante Shoesthe right foot. Golf Jante Shoes shoes: with Jante Shoes "spikes" for better grip inJante Shoesgrass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made Jante Shoes of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are Jante Shoes much more Jante Shoes common today (and are required on many golf courses since they cause less damage to the greens). Bowling shoes: intermediate style Jante Shoes between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to Jante Shoes damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys. Climbing shoes: Jante Shoes a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand. Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper Jante Shoes with Jante Shoes many lace eyelets, to Jante Shoes provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole. Walking shoes: have Jante Shoes a more flexible sole than Jante Shoes the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not be water proof. Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments Jante Shoes for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion. Ice skates Roller skates Inline skates Ski boot: Jante Shoes a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the ski. Skateboarding shoes have flat soles Jante Shoes for a better grip on Jante Shoes a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect the skateboarders feet. Cycling shoes are equipped with Jante Shoes a metal or plastic cleat Jante Shoes to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole Jante Shoes to maximize power transfer and support the foot. Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter. Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while Jante Shoes providing additional traction and protection. Orthopedic Jante Shoes shoes Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, Jante Shoes such as padded removable footbeds, wide toeJante Shoesboxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic Jante Shoes feet. Dance shoes Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a Jante Shoes toe box that Jante Shoes is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so theJante Shoesdancer can stand on the tips of their Jante Shoes toes. They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles. Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made Jante Shoes of canvas or Jante Shoes leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel of Jante Shoes the Jante Shoes foot, and thinner and Jante Shoes thus more Jante Shoes flexible Jante Shoes material under the arch so that the foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are Jante Shoes most commonly Jante Shoes pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue. Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured Jante Shoes to the Jante Shoes foot by laces or elastic inserts. Tango/flamenco dance shoes. Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two Jante Shoes genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Jante Shoes Federation): Ballroom andJante ShoesLatin American. Both are characterised by suede Jante Shoes soles. Mens' Ballroom Jante Shoes shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be finished with a greater variety of colours to match Jante Shoes the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch Jante Shoes shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped. DanceJante Shoessneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe. Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one or more Jante Shoes straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in Jante Shoes soft-soled (suede) or Jante Shoes hard-soled Jante Shoes varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching Jante Shoes taps. Foot thongs. Variously Jante Shoes called called Foot Paws and Jante Shoes FootUndeez, depending on the Jante Shoes manufacturer, Jante Shoes these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance Jante Shoes of having bare feet. Modern pointe shoes. Ballet shoes. Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers. A foot thong, viewed from the underside. Work Jante Shoes shoes Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, Jante Shoes and Jante Shoes provide high traction. They Jante Shoes are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they Jante Shoes are used for uniforms Jante Shoes or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They Jante Shoes are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles Jante Shoes or ankle guards. Historical shoes Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes Jante Shoes of the past include: Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century. Patten: a Jante Shoes European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's Jante Shoes feet dry outdoors. Jante Shoes First worn in the middle ages, they continued in use even into the early Jante Shoes 20th century. Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s. Moccasins: Jante Shoes the historical shoe Jante Shoes of many North American Indian Jante Shoes tribes. Maintenance Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them Jante Shoes multiple times, the material reforms to Jante Shoes fit the wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the shoes. Polishing: for Jante Shoes protection, water resistance (to some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots. Heel replacement: heels periodically wear Jante Shoes out. Not all shoes are designed to enable this. Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced. Shoelace Jante Shoes replacement. When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception Jante Shoes can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example. Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler. Shoe etiquette In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much Jante Shoes of Northern EuropeJante Shoesand Jante Shoes Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering aJante Shoeshouse. In some areas of the United States, especially Jante Shoes the Midwest,Jante Shoesit is expected that visitors remove their shoes Jante Shoes unless a host specifically invites them to Jante Shoes leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including those in Asia, indoor Jante Shoes footwear may be provided for guests. In the Jante Shoes MiddleJante ShoesEast, Jante Shoes parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to Jante Shoes show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by Jante Shoes crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insultJante Shoesfor Jante Shoes the Jante Shoes foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's head or be placed over it. Although feet touching heads is an Jante Shoes extremely Jante Shoes rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by Jante Shoes "kicking" the opponent's head with their Jante Shoes foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin). Jante ShoesJante Shoes |