The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to Mary Jane Shoes 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do Mary Jane Shoes not normally last Mary Jane Shoes for thousands Mary Jane Shoes of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the Mary Jane Shoes period between about Mary Jane Shoes 40,000 and Mary Jane Shoes 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the Mary Jane Shoes thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased Mary Jane Shoes during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a Mary Jane Shoes shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom of a shoe is Mary Jane Shoes called Mary Jane Shoes the sole.
Insole
The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have Etnies Shoes removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added Camper Shoes for comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe).
Outsole
The outsole is the layer in direct contact Mary Jane Shoes with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; Mary Jane Shoes casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles Mary Jane Shoes made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, Mary Jane Shoes or Mary Jane Shoes may Mary Jane Shoes comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel Mary Jane Shoes of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, Mary Jane Shoes while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in Mary Jane Shoes the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds Mary Jane Shoes of dancing shoes have much softer or Mary Jane Shoes harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the outsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts Mary Jane Shoes the most pressure down. Different companies Mary Jane Shoes use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. Mary Jane Shoes This part can be high for fashion or to Mary Jane Shoes make the person look taller, or flat Mary Jane Shoes for a more Mary Jane Shoes practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any shoe Mary Jane Shoes has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the Mary Jane Shoes simplest cases, such as sandals or flip Mary Jane Shoes flops, this may be nothing more than Mary Jane Shoes a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967).
Accessories Mary Jane Shoes to shoes
Shoehorn: can be used Mary Jane Shoes to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and providing a Mary Jane Shoes smooth surface for the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or Mary Jane Shoes reduced abrasion. These include padding Mary Jane Shoes and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct Mary Jane Shoes foot problems.
Shoe bag: Mary Jane Shoes a Mary Jane Shoes bag that protects shoes against damage when they are not being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden or leather Mary Jane Shoes piece which increases the area of ground covered by the Mary Jane Shoes shoe.
Shoelaces: a Mary Jane Shoes system used to secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes Mary Jane Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and Mary Jane Shoes casual shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow Mary Jane Shoes sleek figure. Casual shoes Mary Jane Shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs of dress Mary Jane Shoes shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of Mary Jane Shoes dress shoes have Mary Jane Shoes an Mary Jane Shoes upper covering, commonly Mary Jane Shoes made of leather, enclosing most of the lower Mary Jane Shoes foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made Mary Jane Shoes without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself consist Mary Jane Shoes of a series of Mary Jane Shoes straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high Custom Shoes to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with Mary Jane Shoes the upper rising Mary Jane Shoes above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Mary Jane Shoes Usually, a high-topped shoe is Mary Jane Shoes secured by laces Mary Jane Shoes or zippers, although Mary Jane Shoes some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on.
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Men's shoes
Men's shoes can Mary Jane Shoes be categorized by how they Mary Jane Shoes are closed:
Balmorals: Mary Jane Shoes the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which Mary Jane Shoes the laces are attached; also known Mary Jane Shoes as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, Mary Jane Shoes such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied to Mary Jane Shoes two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher Mary Jane Shoes is known as the Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: Mary Jane Shoes a buckle and strap instead of lacing
Various Mary Jane Shoes other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes can also be decorated in various ways:
Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: Mary Jane Shoes has an extra Mary Jane Shoes layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
The tone or style of this article or section may not Mary Jane Shoes be appropriate for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December Mary Jane Shoes 2007)
Women's shoes
There Mary Jane Shoes is a large variety of shoes available Mary Jane Shoes for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps Mary Jane Shoes or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short Mary Jane Shoes vamp, exposing much of the instep. They are popular for Mary Jane Shoes warm-weather wear, and may be seen Mary Jane Shoes as more comfortable than shoes with Mary Jane Shoes a higher heel.
High heels may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels Mary Jane Shoes (see article for discussion) and are Mary Jane Shoes thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot and Mary Jane Shoes sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, Mary Jane Shoes but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform Mary Jane Shoes shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, Mary Jane Shoes a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole Mary Jane Shoes and various straps, leaving much Mary Jane Shoes of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let Mary Jane Shoes the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the Mary Jane Shoes instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without Mary Jane Shoes laces; often with tassels, buckles, or Mary Jane Shoes coin-holders (penny Mary Jane Shoes loafers).
Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck Mary Jane Shoes shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, Mary Jane Shoes if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of Mary Jane Shoes canvas or Mary Jane Shoes featuring a white sole. They have soft Mary Jane Shoes soles/heels to avoid marring Mary Jane Shoes or scratching a boat deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are designed to be Mary Jane Shoes used in times of Mary Jane Shoes bad Mary Jane Shoes weather, or simply as Mary Jane Shoes an alternate style Mary Jane Shoes of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots Mary Jane Shoes and snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often Mary Jane Shoes have less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. Mary Jane Shoes In many cases these shoes Mary Jane Shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to Mary Jane Shoes be more on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose Mary Jane Shoes athletic Mary Jane Shoes shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis.
Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on Mary Jane Shoes cushioning.
Track shoes: Mary Jane Shoes lightweight; often Mary Jane Shoes with plastic Mary Jane Shoes or metal cleats
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A shoe for the right foot.
Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports Mary Jane Shoes such as rugby, football, American Air Force Shoes football, or baseball.
A shoe for the right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better Mary Jane Shoes grip Mary Jane Shoes in grass and wet Mary Jane Shoes ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more common today Mary Jane Shoes (and are required Mary Jane Shoes on many golf courses since they cause less damage to the greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and Mary Jane Shoes athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at Mary Jane Shoes bowling alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little Mary Jane Shoes if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high Mary Jane Shoes somewhat Mary Jane Shoes stiff upper Mary Jane Shoes with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with Mary Jane Shoes extra large traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than the Mary Jane Shoes running Mary Jane Shoes shoe, lighter Mary Jane Shoes in weight than the Mary Jane Shoes hiking boot, may have air holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called Mary Jane Shoes skates. They have various Mary Jane Shoes attachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller Mary Jane Shoes skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a large, thick Mary Jane Shoes plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip Mary Jane Shoes on Mary Jane Shoes a skateboard. They are very wide and have Mary Jane Shoes extra layers of padding to protect the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes Mary Jane Shoes are equipped with a metal or Mary Jane Shoes plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as Mary Jane Shoes well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the Mary Jane Shoes foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter.
Wrestling shoes Mary Jane Shoes are light, Mary Jane Shoes flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as Mary Jane Shoes padded removable footbeds, Mary Jane Shoes wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Mary Jane Shoes Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is Mary Jane Shoes stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand on Mary Jane Shoes the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole Mary Jane Shoes is typically Mary Jane Shoes made of leather, with thicker material Mary Jane Shoes under the ball Mary Jane Shoes and heel of Mary Jane Shoes the foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that the foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by Mary Jane Shoes elastics that cross Mary Jane Shoes over the top of the foot. They Mary Jane Shoes are most commonly pink, white, black, or pale Mary Jane Shoes tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz Mary Jane Shoes shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to Mary Jane Shoes the foot by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco Mary Jane Shoes dance Mary Jane Shoes shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall into Mary Jane Shoes two categories for the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are Mary Jane Shoes typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Mary Jane Shoes Ballroom shoes are Mary Jane Shoes typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, Mary Jane Shoes usually made of fabric so that they can be finished with Mary Jane Shoes a greater variety of colours to match the dancer's Mary Jane Shoes dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
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Dance sneakers. Also Mary Jane Shoes known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes Mary Jane Shoes with a Mary Jane Shoes one Mary Jane Shoes to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or Best Running Shoes hard-soled varieties. They may be Mary Jane Shoes converted to tap shoes Mary Jane Shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing Mary Jane Shoes turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a Mary Jane Shoes dancer the Mary Jane Shoes appearance of having bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes. Propet Shoes
Jazz shoes. Mary Jane Shoes This style is frequently worn Mary Jane Shoes by acro dancers.
A foot thong, viewed from Mary Jane Shoes the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, Mary Jane Shoes to protect the wearer, and Mary Jane Shoes provide high traction. Mary Jane Shoes They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for Mary Jane Shoes uniforms or comfort by nurses, Mary Jane Shoes waitresses, police, military personnel, Mary Jane Shoes etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes Mary Jane Shoes and soles or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has Mary Jane Shoes been worn for tens Mary Jane Shoes of thousands of years. Shoes of the Mary Jane Shoes past include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep Mary Jane Shoes a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle Mary Jane Shoes ages, they continued in use even into the early Mary Jane Shoes 20th century.
Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe Mary Jane Shoes of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent) and appearance, especially for leather Mary Jane Shoes shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear Mary Jane Shoes out. Mary Jane Shoes Not all shoes are designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also Mary Jane Shoes wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes in Mary Jane Shoes a shop is called Mary Jane Shoes a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of Mary Jane Shoes the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the United Mary Jane Shoes States, especially Mary Jane Shoes the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to Mary Jane Shoes leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests.
In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of Mary Jane Shoes the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In Mary Jane Shoes addition, in Thailand, it Mary Jane Shoes is an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or Mary Jane Shoes shoes to touch someone's head Mary Jane Shoes or be placed over it. Although Mary Jane Shoes feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with Mary Jane Shoes their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed Mary Jane Shoes with the shin). |
