The earliest known shoes date from Doc Martin Shoes about Doc Martin Shoes 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes Doc Martin Shoes do not Doc Martin Shoes normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long Doc Martin Shoes before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he Doc Martin Shoes has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the Doc Martin Shoes period Doc Martin Shoes between about 40,000 and 26,000 Doc Martin Shoes years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of Doc Martin Shoes the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise Doc Martin Shoes that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom of a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the Doc Martin Shoes foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, Doc Martin Shoes and extra insoles are often Doc Martin Shoes added for comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe).
Outsole
The Doc Martin Shoes outsole is the layer in direct Doc Martin Shoes contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single Doc Martin Shoes piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is Doc Martin Shoes rubber for durability and Doc Martin Shoes traction, while Doc Martin Shoes the front is leather for style. Doc Martin Shoes Specialized Doc Martin Shoes shoes will Doc Martin Shoes often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder Air Jordan Shoes soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the Doc Martin Shoes outsole and the insole that Doc Martin Shoes is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, Doc Martin Shoes have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the Doc Martin Shoes heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the Doc Martin Shoes midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not Doc Martin Shoes have a midsole Doc Martin Shoes at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a Doc Martin Shoes shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material Discount Mbt Shoes as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any shoe has an upper part that Doc Martin Shoes helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding Doc Martin Shoes the sole in place. Closed footwear, such Doc Martin Shoes as boots, sneakers and most men's Doc Martin Shoes shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part Doc Martin Shoes is Doc Martin Shoes often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, Doc Martin Shoes describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and Doc Martin Shoes providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain Doc Martin Shoes the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection.
Shoe brush Doc Martin Shoes and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various Doc Martin Shoes materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: Doc Martin Shoes a bag that protects shoes against damage when they are not being Doc Martin Shoes worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer Doc Martin Shoes or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases the area of ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, Doc Martin Shoes England.
Dress and casual shoes
Dress Doc Martin Shoes shoes are categorized by smooth Doc Martin Shoes and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek Doc Martin Shoes figure. Doc Martin Shoes Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The Doc Martin Shoes majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, Doc Martin Shoes commonly made of leather, Doc Martin Shoes enclosing most of the lower foot, but not covering the Doc Martin Shoes ankles. This upper part of the shoe is Doc Martin Shoes often made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a Doc Martin Shoes series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above Doc Martin Shoes the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be Doc Martin Shoes referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a Doc Martin Shoes high-topped Doc Martin Shoes shoe is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on.
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Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized by Doc Martin Shoes how Doc Martin Shoes they are closed:
Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are Doc Martin Shoes attached; also known as "closed lacing". In Doc Martin Shoes England, the balmoral is known as Doc Martin Shoes the Oxford. The Doc Martin Shoes word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes Doc Martin Shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is known as the Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: a buckle Doc Martin Shoes and strap instead of lacing
Various Doc Martin Shoes other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.
Men's Doc Martin Shoes shoes can also be decorated in various ways:
Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues Doc Martin Shoes (American: wing-tips): The toe Doc Martin Shoes of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which Doc Martin Shoes extends down either side Doc Martin Shoes of the shoe. Christmas Shoes Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by Doc Martin Shoes expanding it.
Further Doc Martin Shoes information might be found on the talk page or at Doc Martin Shoes requests for expansion.
The tone Doc Martin Shoes or style of this article or section may not Doc Martin Shoes be appropriate for Wikipedia.
Specific Doc Martin Shoes concerns may be found Doc Martin Shoes on Doc Martin Shoes the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to Doc Martin Shoes writing better articles for Geox Shoes suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition Doc Martin Shoes to most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known Doc Martin Shoes in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, Doc Martin Shoes are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the instep. Doc Martin Shoes They are popular Doc Martin Shoes for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as Doc Martin Shoes more comfortable than Doc Martin Shoes shoes with Doc Martin Shoes a higher heel.
High heels may Doc Martin Shoes be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 Doc Martin Shoes cm) or higher. Doc Martin Shoes They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social Doc Martin Shoes outings.
Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, Doc Martin Shoes but is equipped with a heel, making it a Doc Martin Shoes kind of novelty dress shoe.
Either Doc Martin Shoes gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, Doc Martin Shoes a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed Doc Martin Shoes to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they Doc Martin Shoes let the foot be cooler than a Doc Martin Shoes closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with Doc Martin Shoes a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically Doc Martin Shoes white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or casual Doc Martin Shoes shoe Doc Martin Shoes without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Doc Martin Shoes Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid Doc Martin Shoes marring or scratching a boat deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles International Shoes Size include rubber boots and snow boots, Doc Martin Shoes as well as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: For indoor use, Doc Martin Shoes commonly worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's Doc Martin Shoes and women's athletic shoes Doc Martin Shoes and special function shoes often have less difference between Doc Martin Shoes the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also called Doc Martin Shoes gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, Doc Martin Shoes cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special Reebok Shoes varieties are available for basketball or tennis.
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Running shoes: very Doc Martin Shoes similar to above, with additional emphasis on Doc Martin Shoes cushioning.
Track Doc Martin Shoes shoes: lightweight; Doc Martin Shoes often with plastic or metal cleats
A shoe for the right foot.
Cleat (shoe): Doc Martin Shoes a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball.
A shoe for the right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for Doc Martin Shoes better grip in grass and wet Doc Martin Shoes ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made Doc Martin Shoes of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of Doc Martin Shoes each spike are much more common Doc Martin Shoes today (and are required on many golf courses Doc Martin Shoes since they cause less damage to the greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically have a close Doc Martin Shoes fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking Doc Martin Shoes shoes or boots: usually have a high Doc Martin Shoes somewhat stiff Doc Martin Shoes upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: Doc Martin Shoes have a more flexible sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments Doc Martin Shoes for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice Doc Martin Shoes skates
Roller skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: Doc Martin Shoes a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat Doc Martin Shoes soles Doc Martin Shoes for a Doc Martin Shoes better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding Doc Martin Shoes to protect the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes are equipped Doc Martin Shoes with a metal or plastic cleat to Doc Martin Shoes interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole Doc Martin Shoes to maximize power transfer and support the foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes Doc Martin Shoes in winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare Doc Martin Shoes feet while providing additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic Doc Martin Shoes shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. Doc Martin Shoes These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., Doc Martin Shoes split-sole). The sole is Doc Martin Shoes typically made of leather, with Doc Martin Shoes thicker material under the ball and heel Doc Martin Shoes of the Doc Martin Shoes foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that the foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are Doc Martin Shoes most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such Doc Martin Shoes as red or blue.
Jazz Doc Martin Shoes shoes. These typically have a Sketchers Shoes two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot Doc Martin Shoes by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall Doc Martin Shoes into two categories for the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF Doc Martin Shoes (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin Doc Martin Shoes American. Both are characterised Doc Martin Shoes by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric Doc Martin Shoes so that they can Doc Martin Shoes be finished with a greater Doc Martin Shoes variety of colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes have higher heels Doc Martin Shoes designed to throw the dancer's weight Doc Martin Shoes on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to Doc Martin Shoes 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
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Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are Doc Martin Shoes a combination of a Doc Martin Shoes sneaker and a dance shoe, Doc Martin Shoes with a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with a one Doc Martin Shoes to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and Doc Martin Shoes often have Doc Martin Shoes one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Doc Martin Shoes Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these Doc Martin Shoes are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. Doc Martin Shoes From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a Doc Martin Shoes dancer the appearance Doc Martin Shoes of having bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet Doc Martin Shoes shoes.
Jazz shoes. This style is Doc Martin Shoes frequently worn by acro dancers.
A foot thong, Doc Martin Shoes viewed Doc Martin Shoes from the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes are designed Doc Martin Shoes to stand Doc Martin Shoes heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They Doc Martin Shoes are generally made from sturdy leather uppers Doc Martin Shoes and non-leather outsoles. Doc Martin Shoes Sometimes they are used for Doc Martin Shoes uniforms or comfort by Doc Martin Shoes nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. Doc Martin Shoes They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, Doc Martin Shoes and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped Doc Martin Shoes toes and soles or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been Doc Martin Shoes worn for tens Doc Martin Shoes of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which Doc Martin Shoes are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: a European wooden overshoe Doc Martin Shoes used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the Doc Martin Shoes middle ages, they continued Doc Martin Shoes in use even into the early 20th century.
Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears Doc Martin Shoes them multiple Doc Martin Shoes times, the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is Doc Martin Shoes said to have broken in the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: Doc Martin Shoes soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles Doc Martin Shoes replaced.
Shoelace Doc Martin Shoes replacement.
When unfit for use, Doc Martin Shoes shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. Doc Martin Shoes The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into other Doc Martin Shoes raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called Doc Martin Shoes a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the Doc Martin Shoes United States, especially the Doc Martin Shoes Midwest, it is expected that Doc Martin Shoes visitors Doc Martin Shoes remove Doc Martin Shoes their shoes unless a host specifically Doc Martin Shoes invites them to Doc Martin Shoes leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests.
In Doc Martin Shoes the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea Ariat Shoes and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as Doc Martin Shoes by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is Doc Martin Shoes an extreme insult for the foot, Doc Martin Shoes socks, or shoes to touch someone's head or be placed over it. Although feet touching heads is an Doc Martin Shoes extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each Doc Martin Shoes other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin). |
