An employer is a person or institution Hand Job Hints that hires employees or workers. Hand Job Hints Employers offer wages or a salary to the workers in exchange for the worker's labor power, depending upon whether the employee is paid by the hour or a set rate per pay period. A salaried employee is typically not paid more for Hand Job Hints more hours Hand Job Hints worked than the minimum, whereas wages are paid for all hours worked, including overtime.
Employers include everything from individuals hiring a babysitter to Hand Job Hints governments and businesses which may hire many thousands of employees. In most western societies governments are the largest single employers, but most of the work force is employed in small and medium businesses in the private sector.
Note that although employees may contribute to the evolution of an an enterprise, the employer maintains autonomous control over the productive base of land Hand Job Hints and capital, and is the entity named in contracts. The employer typically also maintains ownership of intellectual property created by an employee within the scope of employment and as a function thereof. These are known as "works for hire".
An employers� relative level Hand Job Hints of power over Hand Job Hints employees is Hand Job Hints dependent upon numerous Hand Job Hints factors; the most influential being the nature of the employment relationship. The relationship employers share with employees is affected by three significant factors � interests, control and motivation. Hand Job Hints It is up Hand Job Hints to Hand Job Hints employers to effectively manage and balance these factors to ensure a harmonious and productive working relationship.
The balance Hand Job Hints of economic efficiency and social equity is the ultimate debate in the field of employment Hand Job Hints relations. By meeting the needs of the employer; generating profits to establish and maintain economic efficiency; whilst maintaining a balance with the employee and creating social equity that benefits the worker so that he/she can Hand Job Hints fund and enjoy healthy living; proves to be a continuous revolving issue in westernised societies.
Globalisation Hand Job Hints has Hand Job Hints effected these issues by creating certain economic Hand Job Hints factors that disallow or allow various employment issues. Economist Hand Job Hints Edward Lee Free Cover Letters For Job Vacances (1996) studies the effects of Hand Job Hints globalisation and summarizes the four major points of concern that effect employment Hand Job Hints relations: (1) International competition, from Hand Job Hints the newly industrialized countries, will cause unemployment growth and increased wage disparity for unskilled workers in industrialized Hand Job Hints countries. Hand Job Hints Imports from low-wage countries exert pressure on the Hand Job Hints manufacturing sector in industrialized countries and foreign direct investment (FDI) is Hand Job Hints attracted away from the industrialized nations, towards low-waged countries. (2) Economic liberalization will result in unemployment and wage inequality in developing countries. This happens as job losses in un-competitive industries outstrip job opportunities in new industries. Hand Job Hints Workers will Hand Job Hints be forced to accept worsening wages and conditions, as Hand Job Hints a global labour market results in a �race to Hand Job Hints the Hand Job Hints bottom�. Increased international competition creates a pressure Hand Job Hints to reduce the wages and conditions of workers. Globalization reduces the autonomy of the nation state. Capital is Hand Job Hints increasingly mobile and the ability of the state to regulate economic activity is reduced.
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What also result�s to Lee�s (1996) findings is that in industrialized countries Hand Job Hints an Hand Job Hints average of almost 70 per cent of workers are employed in Hand Job Hints the service sector, most of which consists of non-tradable activities. As a result workers are either forced to become more skilled an develop sought after trades or become Hand Job Hints of Hand Job Hints this sector. Hand Job Hints Ultimately this is a result of changes and trends of employment, an evolving workforce and globalisation that is represented by a more skilled and increasing highly Hand Job Hints diverse labour force, Hand Job Hints that are growing in non standard forms of employment
Interests can be best described as monetary constraints and economic pressures placed on organizations in their pursuit of profits. It covers facets such Hand Job Hints as labour productivity, wages Hand Job Hints and the effect of financial markets on businesses.
Wood Hand Job Hints et al (2004, p 355) describe control can as being Hand Job Hints either output focused, focusing on desired targets with within managers defining, and using, their own methods for reaching targets, or process controls, which Hand Job Hints specify the manner in which tasks will Hand Job Hints be achieved (Ibid, p. 357). Employer and Hand Job Hints managerial control within an organization rests at many levels and has important implications for staff and productivity alike, with control forming the fundamental link Hand Job Hints between desired Hand Job Hints outcomes and actual processes. Thus employers must balance interests Hand Job Hints such as decreasing wage constraints with a maximization of Hand Job Hints labour productivity in order to achieve a prolific employment relationship.
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Motivation is the third and Hand Job Hints most difficult of the factors in the Hand Job Hints employment relationship for employers to effectively Hand Job Hints manage. Hand Job Hints Employee motivation can often be in direct conflict with control mechanisms of employers, Hand Job Hints and Hand Job Hints can Hand Job Hints be broadly Hand Job Hints defined as that which energizes, directs and sustains human behaviour ( Stone, 2005, p 412). Dubin (1958, p 213) further elaborates on this, noting motivation as �something that moves a person to action, Hand Job Hints and continues him in the course of action Hand Job Hints already initiated.�
The employment relationship is thus a difficult challenge for Hand Job Hints employers to manage, as all three facets are Hand Job Hints often in direct competition with each other, with interests, control and Hand Job Hints motivation often clashing in the equally Hand Job Hints important quest for individual employee autonomy ,employer command and ultimate profits. |
