The earliest known shoes date Work Shoes For Cement Workers from about Work Shoes For Cement Workers 8000 to 7000 Work Shoes For Cement Workers BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of Work Shoes For Cement Workers years, so shoes Work Shoes For Cement Workers were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that Work Shoes For Cement Workers the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a shoe
Gluing Work Shoes For Cement Workers a new outsole Work Shoes For Cement Workers to Work Shoes For Cement Workers an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom of a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The insole is Work Shoes For Cement Workers the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits Work Shoes For Cement Workers directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or Work Shoes For Cement Workers health reasons (to Work Shoes For Cement Workers control the Work Shoes For Cement Workers shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe).
Outsole
The outsole is the layer Work Shoes For Cement Workers in Work Shoes For Cement Workers direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber Work Shoes For Cement Workers or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications Work Shoes For Cement Workers on Work Shoes For Cement Workers this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the outsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, Work Shoes For Cement Workers usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the Work Shoes For Cement Workers midsoles of Work Shoes For Cement Workers their shoes. Some shoes may not have a Work Shoes For Cement Workers midsole Work Shoes For Cement Workers at all.
Heel
Women's Work Shoes For Cement Workers fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made Work Shoes For Cement Workers of the same Work Shoes For Cement Workers material as the sole of the Work Shoes For Cement Workers shoe. This part can Work Shoes For Cement Workers be high Work Shoes For Cement Workers for fashion or to make the person look taller, Work Shoes For Cement Workers or flat for a more practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold Work Shoes For Cement Workers the shoe onto Work Shoes For Cement Workers the foot. In the simplest cases, Work Shoes For Cement Workers such as sandals or Work Shoes For Cement Workers flip flops, this may be nothing more Work Shoes For Cement Workers than a few straps for Work Shoes For Cement Workers holding the sole in place. Closed Work Shoes For Cement Workers footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is Work Shoes For Cement Workers made in a certain style to look Work Shoes For Cement Workers attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from Work Shoes For Cement Workers 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the Work Shoes For Cement Workers shoe open and providing a smooth surface for Work Shoes For Cement Workers the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's Work Shoes For Cement Workers shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material Work Shoes For Cement Workers spread Work Shoes For Cement Workers on shoes Work Shoes For Cement Workers to improve Work Shoes For Cement Workers appearance, glossiness, and provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used Work Shoes For Cement Workers to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a Work Shoes For Cement Workers rubber covering placed over shoes Work Shoes For Cement Workers for rain and Work Shoes For Cement Workers snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials Work Shoes For Cement Workers for Work Shoes For Cement Workers cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts Work Shoes For Cement Workers may also be used to Work Shoes For Cement Workers correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: a bag that protects shoes against Work Shoes For Cement Workers damage when they Work Shoes For Cement Workers are not being Work Shoes For Cement Workers worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe.
Snow Work Shoes For Cement Workers shoe: a wooden or leather piece which Work Shoes For Cement Workers increases the area of ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in Work Shoes For Cement Workers a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and casual Work Shoes For Cement Workers shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather Work Shoes For Cement Workers uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, Work Shoes For Cement Workers non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either Work Shoes For Cement Workers gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but not Work Shoes For Cement Workers covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is Work Shoes For Cement Workers often made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series Work Shoes For Cement Workers of straps, e.g. an Work Shoes For Cement Workers open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes Work Shoes For Cement Workers or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe Work Shoes For Cement Workers is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on.
Men's Work Shoes For Cement Workers shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are Work Shoes For Cement Workers closed:
Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" Work Shoes For Cement Workers is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not Work Shoes For Cement Workers balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the Work Shoes For Cement Workers laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently Work Shoes For Cement Workers attached to the vamp; also Work Shoes For Cement Workers known Work Shoes For Cement Workers as "open lacing". In England, the Work Shoes For Cement Workers Blucher is known as the Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: a Work Shoes For Cement Workers buckle and strap instead of lacing
Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes can also be decorated in various ways:
Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: Work Shoes For Cement Workers has an extra layer of leather that Work Shoes For Cement Workers "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with Work Shoes For Cement Workers a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the Work Shoes For Cement Workers shoe. Brogues can be found Work Shoes For Cement Workers in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
The tone or Work Shoes For Cement Workers style of this Work Shoes For Cement Workers article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing Work Shoes For Cement Workers better articles for suggestions.(December Work Shoes For Cement Workers 2007)
Women's Work Shoes For Cement Workers shoes
There is a large variety Work Shoes For Cement Workers of shoes Work Shoes For Cement Workers available for women, in addition to most of the men's Work Shoes For Cement Workers styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more Work Shoes For Cement Workers comfortable than shoes with a higher heel.
High heels may Work Shoes For Cement Workers be shoes Work Shoes For Cement Workers with heels 2 Work Shoes For Cement Workers inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly Work Shoes For Cement Workers worn by women Work Shoes For Cement Workers for formal occasions Work Shoes For Cement Workers or social Work Shoes For Cement Workers outings.
Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like Work Shoes For Cement Workers an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft Work Shoes For Cement Workers shoe without a heel and usually made of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather Work Shoes For Cement Workers wear, because they let the foot be cooler than Work Shoes For Cement Workers a closed-toed Work Shoes For Cement Workers shoe would.
Saddle Work Shoes For Cement Workers shoe: leather shoe Work Shoes For Cement Workers with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating Work Shoes For Cement Workers shoes, also Work Shoes For Cement Workers known as boat shoes and Work Shoes For Cement Workers deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) Work Shoes For Cement Workers with no frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck.
Boots: Work Shoes For Cement Workers Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are designed to be used in times Work Shoes For Cement Workers of bad weather, Work Shoes For Cement Workers or simply as an alternate style of Work Shoes For Cement Workers casual or dress wear. Styles include Work Shoes For Cement Workers rubber boots and snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: For Work Shoes For Cement Workers indoor use, commonly worn with Work Shoes For Cement Workers pajamas.
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Athletic shoes
Men's and women's athletic shoes and special Work Shoes For Cement Workers function shoes often have less difference between the sexes Work Shoes For Cement Workers than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn by either sex. Work Shoes For Cement Workers Emphasis tends to be more on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also called Work Shoes For Cement Workers gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; Work Shoes For Cement Workers made out Work Shoes For Cement Workers of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis.
Running shoes: very similar to above, Work Shoes For Cement Workers with Work Shoes For Cement Workers additional emphasis Work Shoes For Cement Workers on cushioning.
Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic Work Shoes For Cement Workers or metal cleats
A shoe for the right foot.
Cleat Work Shoes For Cement Workers (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, Work Shoes For Cement Workers or baseball.
A Work Shoes For Cement Workers shoe for the right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and Work Shoes For Cement Workers wet ground. Originally the spikes Work Shoes For Cement Workers or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like Work Shoes For Cement Workers materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more common today (and are Work Shoes For Cement Workers required on many golf courses since they cause less damage to the greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate Work Shoes For Cement Workers style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels Work Shoes For Cement Workers so as not Work Shoes For Cement Workers to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if Work Shoes For Cement Workers any padding, Work Shoes For Cement Workers and a smooth sticky rubber sole with Work Shoes For Cement Workers an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: have a more flexible Work Shoes For Cement Workers sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, Work Shoes For Cement Workers may Work Shoes For Cement Workers have air holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating on the Work Shoes For Cement Workers bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to Work Shoes For Cement Workers the ski.
Skateboarding shoes have Work Shoes For Cement Workers flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic Work Shoes For Cement Workers cleat to interface with Work Shoes For Cement Workers clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole Work Shoes For Cement Workers to maximize power transfer and Work Shoes For Cement Workers support Work Shoes For Cement Workers the foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes for Work Shoes For Cement Workers walking in thick snow. In temperate Work Shoes For Cement Workers climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort Work Shoes For Cement Workers qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, Work Shoes For Cement Workers wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. Work Shoes For Cement Workers These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand Work Shoes For Cement Workers on the tips of their toes. They are secured Work Shoes For Cement Workers by elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel of the foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that the foot can be Work Shoes For Cement Workers pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross Work Shoes For Cement Workers over the top of the foot. Work Shoes For Cement Workers They are most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they Work Shoes For Cement Workers may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz shoes. Work Shoes For Cement Workers These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or Work Shoes For Cement Workers shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall into Work Shoes For Cement Workers two categories for the two genres of dances Work Shoes For Cement Workers as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and Work Shoes For Cement Workers patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically Timberland Boat Shoes court shoes Work Shoes For Cement Workers with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be finished Work Shoes For Cement Workers with a greater variety of colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the Work Shoes For Cement Workers dancer's Work Shoes For Cement Workers weight across Work Shoes For Cement Workers the Work Shoes For Cement Workers foot while Latin American shoes have higher heels Work Shoes For Cement Workers designed to throw the dancer's Work Shoes For Cement Workers weight on to the toes and the Work Shoes For Cement Workers soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
Dance sneakers. Work Shoes For Cement Workers Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Work Shoes For Cement Workers Paws and FootUndeez, depending Work Shoes For Cement Workers on the manufacturer, these are Work Shoes For Cement Workers slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give Work Shoes For Cement Workers a dancer the appearance of having bare Work Shoes For Cement Workers feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. Work Shoes For Cement Workers This style is frequently worn by Work Shoes For Cement Workers acro dancers.
A foot thong, viewed from the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high Work Shoes For Cement Workers traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather Work Shoes For Cement Workers outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, Work Shoes For Cement Workers and other workplaces. Protective features may include Work Shoes For Cement Workers steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: Work Shoes For Cement Workers these sandals, which are still worn today, are found Report Shoes Gigi Espadrilles as early as the 14th century.
Patten: a European wooden overshoe Work Shoes For Cement Workers used to keep a person's Work Shoes For Cement Workers feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, Work Shoes For Cement Workers they continued in use even into the early 20th century.
Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, Work Shoes For Cement Workers the material reforms to Work Shoes For Cement Workers fit the wearer's Work Shoes For Cement Workers feet. The person is said to have broken in Work Shoes For Cement Workers the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and Work Shoes For Cement Workers disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is Work Shoes For Cement Workers called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of the world (Asia, Work Shoes For Cement Workers Eastern Work Shoes For Cement Workers Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much Work Shoes For Cement Workers of Northern Europe and Canada, as Work Shoes For Cement Workers well as Work Shoes For Cement Workers Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the United States, especially Work Shoes For Cement Workers the Midwest, it is expected that visitors Work Shoes For Cement Workers remove their shoes unless a host specifically Work Shoes For Cement Workers invites them to leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into Work Shoes For Cement Workers the house. For some societies, including those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for Work Shoes For Cement Workers guests.
In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered Work Shoes For Cement Workers rude to show the Deigo And Dora Shoes soles of the feet to Work Shoes For Cement Workers others (even accidentally, such as Work Shoes For Cement Workers by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an Work Shoes For Cement Workers extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's head or be placed over it. Work Shoes For Cement Workers Although feet Work Shoes For Cement Workers touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin). |
