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The earliest

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known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE Towne Shoes and were found in Oregon, Towne Shoes USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Towne Shoes Erik Trinkaus believes he

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has found evidence that the use of shoes Towne Shoes began in the period between about 40,000 Timberland Boat Shoes and 26,000 years Towne Shoes ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going Towne Shoes barefoot results Towne Shoes in greater bone growth Towne Shoes before this period.[1] Parts of a shoe Gluing a new outsole to Towne Shoes an athletic Towne Shoes shoe Sole The bottom of a shoe is called the sole. Insole The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons Towne Shoes (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe). Outsole The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber Towne Shoes or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or Towne Shoes may comprise separate pieces of different Towne Shoes materials. Often the heel of the sole is Towne Shoes rubber for durability and traction, while Report Shoes Gigi Espadrilles the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats Towne Shoes have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes Towne Shoes have much softer or harder soles. Midsole The layer in between the outsole Towne Shoes and the insole that Towne Shoes is typically Towne Shoes there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like Towne Shoes running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually Towne Shoes beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies Towne Shoes use different materials for the midsoles of their Towne Shoes shoes. Towne Shoes Some shoes may not have a midsole at all. Heel Women's fashion

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boots The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel Towne Shoes of the foot. Towne Shoes They are often made of the same material as the sole of Towne Shoes the shoe. This part can be high for Towne Shoes fashion or to make the person look Towne Shoes taller, or flat for a more practical use. Vamp, or upper Any shoe has an upper Towne Shoes part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. Towne Shoes In the simplest Towne Shoes cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be Towne Shoes nothing more than a few straps for Towne Shoes holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such Towne Shoes as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a Towne Shoes more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in Towne Shoes a Towne Shoes certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 Towne Shoes , from 1967, describes a method for producing Towne Shoes a shoe-upper (Hain 1967). Accessories to shoes Shoehorn: can be Towne Shoes used to insert Towne Shoes a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon. Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is Towne Shoes not wearing it, to help maintain the Towne Shoes shoe's shape. Shoe polishing equipment: Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection. Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes. Overshoes or galoshes: Towne Shoes a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection. (Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems. Shoe bag: a bag that protects shoes against Towne Shoes damage Towne Shoes when they are not being Towne Shoes worn. Shoe stretcher: a tool for making Towne Shoes a shoe longer or wider Towne Shoes or for reducing discomfort in areas of Towne Shoes a shoe. Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece Towne Shoes which increases the area of ground covered by

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the shoe. Shoelaces: a system used to secure Towne Shoes shoes. Types of shoes Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation

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exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England. Dress and casual shoes Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather

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uppers, Towne Shoes leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Towne Shoes Casual Towne Shoes shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, Towne Shoes non-leather outsoles, Towne Shoes and wide profile. Some designs of dress

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shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, Towne Shoes but may also be made with openings or Towne Shoes even itself consist of a series

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of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered Towne Shoes a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a Towne Shoes high-topped Towne Shoes shoe is secured by Towne Shoes laces or Towne Shoes zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on. Men's shoes Men's shoes can be categorized by how they Towne Shoes are closed: Balmorals: the Towne Shoes vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American Towne Shoes clothing Towne Shoes companies Towne Shoes to market shoes that are Towne Shoes not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers. Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, the Towne Shoes Blucher is known as the Derby shoe. Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead of lacing Various other closings exist but are less Towne Shoes popular such as Towne Shoes side-elastic closings. Men's Towne Shoes shoes can also be decorated in various ways: Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on

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the vamp. Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration. Brogues (American: wing-tips): Towne Shoes The toe of Towne Shoes the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests Towne Shoes for expansion. The tone or style of this article or section may not Towne Shoes be appropriate for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. Towne Shoes See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles Towne Shoes for suggestions.(December Towne Shoes 2007) Women's shoes There is a Towne Shoes large variety of shoes available Towne Shoes for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are: Pumps, known in Deigo And Dora Shoes the US and Towne Shoes UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher Towne Shoes heel. High heels may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings. Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress shoe. Either gender Women's Towne Shoes sandals Clog Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels Moccasin:

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originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without Towne Shoes a heel and usually made of leather. Sandals: open shoes consisting Towne Shoes of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. Towne Shoes They Towne Shoes are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would. Saddle shoe: leather Towne Shoes shoe

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with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white Towne Shoes uppers with Towne Shoes black "saddle". Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without Towne Shoes laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers). Boating shoes, also known as boat

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shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, Towne Shoes but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of canvas Towne Shoes or featuring a white sole. They Towne Shoes have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck. Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are Towne Shoes designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well as Towne Shoes work boots and hiking boots. Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas. Athletic shoes Men's and women's athletic shoes and

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special function shoes often have less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn by Towne Shoes either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style. Sneakers/trainers (also Towne Shoes called gym shoes Towne Shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be Towne Shoes lightweight, flexible, Towne Shoes and have good traction. Special varieties are Towne Shoes available for basketball or tennis. Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning. Track Towne Shoes shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats A shoe for the right foot. Cleat (shoe): a Towne Shoes type of shoe featuring molded or Towne Shoes removable studs. Usually Towne Shoes worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball. A shoe for the right foot. Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass

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and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" Towne Shoes were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more common today (and are required on many golf courses since they cause less damage to the greens). Bowling shoes: Towne Shoes intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They Towne Shoes have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are Towne Shoes often rented or loaned at bowling alleys. Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. Towne Shoes They typically have a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber Towne Shoes rand. Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high Towne Shoes somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on Towne Shoes uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the Towne Shoes sole. Walking shoes: have Towne Shoes a more flexible Towne Shoes sole than the running shoe,

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lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air Towne Shoes holes, may not be water Towne Shoes proof. Skating shoes: Towne Shoes typically called skates. Towne Shoes They have various Towne Shoes attachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion. Ice skates Roller skates Inline skates Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the ski. Skateboarding shoes Towne Shoes have flat Towne Shoes soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They Towne Shoes are very wide and have extra layers of padding to Towne Shoes protect the skateboarders feet. Cycling shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot. Snowshoes are special shoes for walking Towne Shoes in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter. Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection. Orthopedic shoes Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct Work Shoes For Cement Workers comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those Towne Shoes with problematic feet. Dance shoes Pointe shoes. Designed for Towne Shoes ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the dancer Towne Shoes can Towne Shoes stand on the tips of their toes. They Towne Shoes are secured by Towne Shoes elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles. Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of Towne Shoes canvas or leather, Towne Shoes with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of leather, with thicker Towne Shoes material under the ball and Towne Shoes heel of the foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that the foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet

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slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in Towne Shoes specialty colours Towne Shoes such as red or blue. Jazz shoes. These Towne Shoes typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low Towne Shoes (one inch Towne Shoes or shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot by laces or elastic inserts. Tango/flamenco dance shoes. Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for Towne Shoes the two genres Towne Shoes of dances as Towne Shoes defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom Towne Shoes and Latin American. Both are Towne Shoes characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with Towne Shoes low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so Towne Shoes that Towne Shoes they can be finished with a greater variety of colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch Towne Shoes shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch Towne Shoes heels, open-toed and strapped. Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, Towne Shoes with a reinforced rubber toe. Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three Towne Shoes inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during Towne Shoes dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. Towne Shoes They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps. Foot thongs. Variously Towne Shoes called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are Towne Shoes slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare

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feet. Modern pointe Towne Shoes shoes. Ballet Towne Shoes shoes. Jazz shoes. This style Towne Shoes is frequently worn by acro dancers. A foot thong, viewed from the underside. Work shoes Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, Towne Shoes police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly Towne Shoes used for Towne Shoes protection in industrial settings, construction, Towne Shoes mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards. Historical shoes Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include: Espadrilles: Towne Shoes these sandals, which are still worn today, are Towne Shoes found as early as the 14th Towne Shoes century. Patten: a Towne Shoes European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they Towne Shoes continued Towne Shoes in use even into the early 20th century. Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s. Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian Towne Shoes tribes. Maintenance Breaking-in: Some shoes Towne Shoes are Towne Shoes made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple Towne Shoes times, the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The Towne Shoes person is said to have broken in the shoes. Polishing: for protection, water Towne Shoes resistance (to some extent) and appearance, especially Towne Shoes for leather shoes and boots. Heel replacement: Towne Shoes heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable this. Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced. Shoelace replacement. When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most Towne Shoes athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example. Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler. Shoe etiquette In most parts of the world (Asia, Towne Shoes Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the United States, especially the Towne Shoes Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically Towne Shoes invites them to leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including those

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in Asia, indoor footwear Towne Shoes may be provided for guests. In the Towne Shoes Middle East, parts of Africa,

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Korea and Towne Shoes Thailand, it is considered rude to Towne Shoes show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing Towne Shoes the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to Towne Shoes touch someone's head or be placed over Towne Shoes it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare Towne Shoes occurrence Towne Shoes in any society, Towne Shoes some Muay Thai boxers insult each Towne Shoes other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin).

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