The earliest known shoes date from Adidas Tour Shoes about 8000 to 7000 Adidas Tour Shoes BCE and were found Adidas Tour Shoes in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, Adidas Tour Shoes based on the fact that the thickness of Adidas Tour Shoes the bones Adidas Tour Shoes of the toes (other Adidas Tour Shoes than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom Adidas Tour Shoes of a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The insole is Adidas Tour Shoes the interior bottom of a shoe, which Adidas Tour Shoes sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and Adidas Tour Shoes replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the Adidas Tour Shoes shoe).
Outsole
The outsole is Adidas Tour Shoes the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes Adidas Tour Shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may Adidas Tour Shoes comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for Adidas Tour Shoes style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in Adidas Tour Shoes the outsole to grip the ground; many Adidas Tour Shoes kinds of dancing shoes have Adidas Tour Shoes much Adidas Tour Shoes softer or Adidas Tour Shoes harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the Adidas Tour Shoes outsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of Adidas Tour Shoes shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath Adidas Tour Shoes the heel where one puts the most pressure Adidas Tour Shoes down. Different companies use different materials for Timberland Boat Shoes the midsoles of their shoes. Adidas Tour Shoes Some shoes may Adidas Tour Shoes not Adidas Tour Shoes have a midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe is Adidas Tour Shoes the heel. Adidas Tour Shoes Its function is to support the heel Adidas Tour Shoes of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any shoe has an upper part Adidas Tour Shoes that helps hold the Adidas Tour Shoes shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in Adidas Tour Shoes place. Closed Adidas Tour Shoes footwear, Adidas Tour Shoes such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, Adidas Tour Shoes will Adidas Tour Shoes have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain Adidas Tour Shoes style to Adidas Tour Shoes look Adidas Tour Shoes attractive. The Adidas Tour Shoes U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for producing Adidas Tour Shoes a shoe-upper (Hain 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot Adidas Tour Shoes into Adidas Tour Shoes a shoe by Adidas Tour Shoes keeping the shoe Adidas Tour Shoes open and providing a smooth surface for the foot Adidas Tour Shoes to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe Adidas Tour Shoes when user is not Adidas Tour Shoes wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy Adidas Tour Shoes material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of Adidas Tour Shoes various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: a bag that protects shoes against damage when they are not being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden or Adidas Tour Shoes leather piece Adidas Tour Shoes which increases the area of ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in Adidas Tour Shoes a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and casual shoes
Dress shoes are categorized Adidas Tour Shoes by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs of Adidas Tour Shoes dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but Adidas Tour Shoes not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures Adidas Tour Shoes or openings, but Adidas Tour Shoes may also Adidas Tour Shoes be made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe Adidas Tour Shoes featured Adidas Tour Shoes in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers Adidas Tour Shoes made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe Adidas Tour Shoes with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles Report Shoes Gigi Espadrilles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or Adidas Tour Shoes high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on.
Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed:
Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". Adidas Tour Shoes In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American Adidas Tour Shoes clothing companies to Adidas Tour Shoes market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to Adidas Tour Shoes the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is known as Adidas Tour Shoes the Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: Adidas Tour Shoes a buckle and strap instead of lacing
Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes can also be decorated Adidas Tour Shoes in various ways:
Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, Adidas Tour Shoes which extends down Adidas Tour Shoes either side of the Adidas Tour Shoes shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this Adidas Tour Shoes section by expanding Adidas Tour Shoes it.
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Further information might be Adidas Tour Shoes found on the Adidas Tour Shoes talk page or at requests for expansion.
The tone or style of this article or section Adidas Tour Shoes may not be appropriate for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may Adidas Tour Shoes be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's Deigo And Dora Shoes guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large variety Adidas Tour Shoes of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short Adidas Tour Shoes vamp, exposing much of the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel.
High heels may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as Adidas Tour Shoes having more sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot Adidas Tour Shoes and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, but Adidas Tour Shoes is equipped with a heel, making Adidas Tour Shoes it a kind of Adidas Tour Shoes novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick Adidas Tour Shoes soles and heels
Moccasin: originated Adidas Tour Shoes by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of Adidas Tour Shoes leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They Adidas Tour Shoes are thus Adidas Tour Shoes popular for warm-weather wear, because they Adidas Tour Shoes let the foot Adidas Tour Shoes be cooler than a Adidas Tour Shoes closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers Adidas Tour Shoes with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with Adidas Tour Shoes tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also known as boat Adidas Tour Shoes shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually Work Shoes For Cement Workers simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They Adidas Tour Shoes have soft soles/heels to Adidas Tour Shoes avoid marring or scratching a boat Adidas Tour Shoes deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) Adidas Tour Shoes frequently made of leather. Some are Adidas Tour Shoes designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's and women's Adidas Tour Shoes athletic shoes and special function shoes often have less difference between the Towne Shoes sexes than in dress shoes. In many Adidas Tour Shoes cases these shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on Adidas Tour Shoes function than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or Adidas Tour Shoes tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have Adidas Tour Shoes good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis.
Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning.
Track Adidas Tour Shoes shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or Adidas Tour Shoes metal cleats
A shoe for the right Adidas Tour Shoes foot.
Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, Adidas Tour Shoes football, American football, or baseball.
A shoe for the right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and Adidas Tour Shoes wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft Adidas Tour Shoes spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around Adidas Tour Shoes the edge of each spike are much Adidas Tour Shoes more common today (and are required Adidas Tour Shoes on Adidas Tour Shoes many golf courses since they cause less damage to the Adidas Tour Shoes greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, Adidas Tour Shoes little if any padding, Adidas Tour Shoes and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper Adidas Tour Shoes with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating on Adidas Tour Shoes the bottom Adidas Tour Shoes of the Adidas Tour Shoes shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for Adidas Tour Shoes attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to Adidas Tour Shoes protect the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes are Adidas Tour Shoes equipped with a metal or Adidas Tour Shoes plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes for Adidas Tour Shoes walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes Adidas Tour Shoes in winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes Adidas Tour Shoes that mimic bare feet Adidas Tour Shoes while providing additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" Adidas Tour Shoes shoes are made with pedorthic and Adidas Tour Shoes anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as Adidas Tour Shoes padded Adidas Tour Shoes removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those Adidas Tour Shoes with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the Adidas Tour Shoes dancer can stand on the tips of their Adidas Tour Shoes toes. They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of leather, with Adidas Tour Shoes thicker material under the ball and Adidas Tour Shoes heel of the foot, and thinner and thus more Adidas Tour Shoes flexible material under the arch so that the foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet Adidas Tour Shoes slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross over Adidas Tour Shoes the top of the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, or Adidas Tour Shoes pale tan, Adidas Tour Shoes although they may be made in specialty colours such as Bleyer Swing Dance Shoes red or Adidas Tour Shoes blue.
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Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to Adidas Tour Shoes the foot by laces or Adidas Tour Shoes elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance Adidas Tour Shoes shoes.
Ballroom shoes. Adidas Tour Shoes They fall Adidas Tour Shoes into two categories Adidas Tour Shoes for the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin Adidas Tour Shoes American. Adidas Tour Shoes Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and Adidas Tour Shoes patent leather Adidas Tour Shoes uppers. Adidas Tour Shoes Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be finished with a greater Adidas Tour Shoes variety of colours Adidas Tour Shoes to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin Adidas Tour Shoes American shoes have higher heels Adidas Tour Shoes designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to Adidas Tour Shoes 2-inch shaped heels Adidas Tour Shoes while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker Adidas Tour Shoes and a dance shoe, with Adidas Tour Shoes a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and Adidas Tour Shoes often have one or more straps across the instep to secure Victorian Ladies Shoes And Boots the foot Adidas Tour Shoes during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Adidas Tour Shoes Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot Adidas Tour Shoes covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot Adidas Tour Shoes from skin abrasions while executing turns. From a Adidas Tour Shoes distance, flesh colored foot Adidas Tour Shoes thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes. Adidas Tour Shoes
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers. Adidas Tour Shoes
A foot thong, viewed from the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to Adidas Tour Shoes protect the wearer, and Adidas Tour Shoes provide high Shoes For Lovely People traction. They are Adidas Tour Shoes generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Adidas Tour Shoes Sometimes they are used for Adidas Tour Shoes uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military Adidas Tour Shoes personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include Adidas Tour Shoes steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early Adidas Tour Shoes as the 14th century.
Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continued in use even into Adidas Tour Shoes the early 20th Adidas Tour Shoes century.
Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian Adidas Tour Shoes tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, the material Adidas Tour Shoes reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, Adidas Tour Shoes water resistance Adidas Tour Shoes (to some extent) and Adidas Tour Shoes appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear Adidas Tour Shoes out. Not all shoes are designed Adidas Tour Shoes to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles Adidas Tour Shoes replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, Adidas Tour Shoes shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an Adidas Tour Shoes example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop Adidas Tour Shoes is called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, Adidas Tour Shoes parts of the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove Adidas Tour Shoes shoes when entering a house. Adidas Tour Shoes In some areas of the United States, Adidas Tour Shoes especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave Adidas Tour Shoes their shoes on. People Adidas Tour Shoes do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or Adidas Tour Shoes snow into the house. For some societies, including those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests.
In the Middle Adidas Tour Shoes East, parts of Adidas Tour Shoes Africa, Korea and Adidas Tour Shoes Thailand, it is considered rude to show Adidas Tour Shoes the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, Adidas Tour Shoes such as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, Adidas Tour Shoes it is Adidas Tour Shoes an extreme insult for the foot, socks, Adidas Tour Shoes or shoes to Adidas Tour Shoes touch someone's head or be Adidas Tour Shoes placed over it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Adidas Tour Shoes Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the Adidas Tour Shoes opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin). |
