An employer is a person or institution Gene S Job that hires employees or workers. Employers offer wages or a salary to the workers in exchange for the worker's labor power, depending upon whether the employee is paid by the hour or Gene S Job a set rate per pay period. Gene S Job A salaried employee is typically not paid more for more hours worked than Gene S Job the minimum, whereas wages are paid for all hours worked, including overtime.
Employers include everything from individuals hiring a babysitter to governments and businesses which may hire many Gene S Job thousands Gene S Job of employees. In most western societies governments are the largest single employers, but most of the work force is employed in small and medium businesses in the Gene S Job private sector.
Note that Gene S Job although employees may contribute to the evolution of an an enterprise, the employer maintains Gene S Job autonomous control over the productive base of land and capital, and is the entity named in contracts. The employer typically also maintains ownership of intellectual property created by an employee within the scope of employment and as a function thereof. Gene S Job These are Gene S Job known as "works for hire".
An employers� relative level of power over employees is dependent upon Gene S Job numerous factors; the most influential being Gene S Job the nature of the employment relationship. The relationship employers share with employees is affected by three significant factors � interests, control and motivation. Gene S Job It is up to employers to effectively manage Gene S Job and balance these factors to ensure a harmonious and productive working relationship.
The balance of Gene S Job economic efficiency and social equity is the ultimate debate in the field of Gene S Job employment relations. Job Cover Latter By Gene S Job meeting the needs of Gene S Job the employer; generating profits to establish and maintain economic efficiency; Gene S Job whilst maintaining a balance with Gene S Job the employee and creating social equity that benefits the worker so that he/she can Gene S Job fund Gene S Job and enjoy healthy living; proves to be a continuous revolving issue High Heel Foot Job Videos in westernised societies.
Globalisation has effected these issues by creating certain economic factors that disallow or Gene S Job allow various employment issues. Economist Edward Lee (1996) Gene S Job studies the effects of globalisation and summarizes the Gene S Job four major points of Gene S Job concern that effect employment relations: (1) International competition, from the newly industrialized countries, will cause unemployment growth and increased wage disparity for unskilled workers in industrialized countries. Imports from low-wage countries exert pressure on the manufacturing sector in industrialized countries and foreign direct investment (FDI) is attracted away from the industrialized nations, towards low-waged countries. (2) Economic liberalization will result in unemployment and wage inequality Gene S Job in developing countries. This happens as job losses in un-competitive industries outstrip Gene S Job job opportunities in new industries. Workers Gene S Job will be forced to accept worsening wages and conditions, as a global labour market results in a �race to the bottom�. Gene S Job Increased international competition creates a pressure to reduce the wages and conditions of workers. Globalization reduces the Gene S Job autonomy of Gene S Job the nation state. Capital is increasingly mobile and the ability of Gene S Job the state to regulate economic activity is reduced.
What Gene S Job also Gene S Job result�s to Lee�s Gene S Job (1996) Gene S Job findings is that in industrialized countries an average of almost Gene S Job 70 per cent of workers are Gene S Job employed in the service Gene S Job sector, most of which consists of non-tradable Gene S Job activities. As a result workers are either forced to become more skilled an develop sought after trades or become Gene S Job of this Gene S Job sector. Ultimately this Gene S Job is a result of changes and trends Gene S Job of employment, an evolving workforce and globalisation that is represented Gene S Job by a more skilled and increasing highly diverse labour force, that are Gene S Job growing in non Gene S Job standard forms of employment
Interests can be best described Gene S Job as monetary constraints and economic pressures placed on organizations in their pursuit of profits. Gene S Job It covers facets such as labour productivity, wages and the effect of financial markets on businesses.
Wood et al (2004, Gene S Job p 355) describe control can as being either output focused, focusing on desired targets with within managers defining, Gene S Job and using, their own Gene S Job methods for reaching targets, or process controls, which Gene S Job specify the manner in which tasks will be achieved (Ibid, p. 357). Employer and managerial control within an organization rests at many levels and has important implications for staff and productivity alike, with control forming the fundamental Gene S Job link between desired outcomes and actual processes. Thus employers must balance interests such as decreasing wage Gene S Job constraints Gene S Job with a maximization of labour productivity Gene S Job in order to achieve a prolific employment relationship.
Motivation is the third and most difficult of the factors in the Gene S Job employment relationship for employers to effectively manage. Employee motivation can often be in direct conflict with control mechanisms of employers, and can be broadly defined as that which energizes, directs and sustains human behaviour ( Stone, Gene S Job 2005, p 412). Dubin (1958, Gene S Job p 213) further elaborates on this, noting motivation as �something that moves a person to action, and continues him in the Gene S Job course of Gene S Job action already initiated.�
The employment relationship is thus a difficult challenge for employers to manage, as all three facets are often in direct competition with Gene S Job each other, with interests, control and motivation often clashing Gene S Job in the equally important quest for individual Gene S Job employee autonomy ,employer Turn Down A Job Offer command and ultimate profits. |
