Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the Great Expectations Movie motion picture Great Expectations Movie industry. Films are Great Expectations Movie produced Great Expectations Movie by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation Great Expectations Movie techniques Great Expectations Movie or special effects.
Films are Great Expectations Movie cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method Great Expectations Movie for educating � or Great Expectations Movie indoctrinating � Great Expectations Movie citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or Great Expectations Movie subtitles that Great Expectations Movie translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a Great Expectations Movie series of individual images called frames. Great Expectations Movie When these images are shown rapidly in Great Expectations Movie succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is Great Expectations Movie occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between Great Expectations Movie frames due to Great Expectations Movie an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of Great Expectations Movie the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the Great Expectations Movie big screen, Great Expectations Movie the silver screen, Great Expectations Movie the cinema, and Great Expectations Movie the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion Great Expectations Movie were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would Great Expectations Movie display sequences Great Expectations Movie of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a Great Expectations Movie phenomenon called persistence Great Expectations Movie of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, Great Expectations Movie by Great Expectations Movie Louis Le Prince, 1888
With Great Expectations Movie the Great Expectations Movie development of celluloid film for still Great Expectations Movie photography, it became Great Expectations Movie possible Great Expectations Movie to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions Great Expectations Movie of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed Great Expectations Movie of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the Great Expectations Movie development of the motion Great Expectations Movie picture camera allowed the individual component images to be Great Expectations Movie captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of Great Expectations Movie a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto Great Expectations Movie a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early Great Expectations Movie motion Great Expectations Movie pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), Watch A Movie commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, Great Expectations Movie but these innovative silent films had gained a Great Expectations Movie hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, Great Expectations Movie films Great Expectations Movie began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up Great Expectations Movie into multiple Great Expectations Movie shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement Great Expectations Movie were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a Great Expectations Movie prepared list of sheet Great Expectations Movie music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed Great Expectations Movie for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans Great Expectations Movie la Lune Great Expectations Movie (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European Great Expectations Movie cinema was interrupted by Great Expectations Movie the breakout of World War I while the film industry Great Expectations Movie in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and Great Expectations Movie sound effects synchronized with the Great Expectations Movie action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema Great Expectations Movie was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film Great Expectations Movie and theater musicians, color was adopted Great Expectations Movie more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. Great Expectations Movie The public Great Expectations Movie was relatively Great Expectations Movie indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry in America Great Expectations Movie came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding Great Expectations Movie decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the Great Expectations Movie changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been Great Expectations Movie the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory Great Expectations Movie seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Great Expectations Movie Ricciotto Canudo's Great Expectations Movie The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist Great Expectations Movie film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from Great Expectations Movie reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent Great Expectations Movie analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has Great Expectations Movie given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film Great Expectations Movie criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation Great Expectations Movie of films. Great Expectations Movie In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism Great Expectations Movie that appears regularly Great Expectations Movie in newspapers Great Expectations Movie and other media.
Film critics working for Great Expectations Movie newspapers, magazines, and Great Expectations Movie broadcast media mainly review Great Expectations Movie new releases. Normally they only Great Expectations Movie see Great Expectations Movie any given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain Great Expectations Movie genres. Mass marketed Great Expectations Movie action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up Great Expectations Movie the majority of any film review Great Expectations Movie can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity Great Expectations Movie and financial loss.
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The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of Great Expectations Movie debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure Great Expectations Movie of some heavily-promoted movies Great Expectations Movie which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised Great Expectations Movie independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have Great Expectations Movie been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread Great Expectations Movie panning of the film. However, this usually Great Expectations Movie backfires as reviewers are wise Great Expectations Movie to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and Great Expectations Movie the films often do poorly as a Great Expectations Movie result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be Great Expectations Movie known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those Great Expectations Movie who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is more Great Expectations Movie often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to Great Expectations Movie come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in Great Expectations Movie newspapers Great Expectations Movie or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in Great Expectations Movie up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of Great Expectations Movie motion pictures became a source Great Expectations Movie of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their Great Expectations Movie new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Great Expectations Movie Continent to exhibit the Great Expectations Movie first films privately to royalty and publicly Great Expectations Movie to the masses. Great Expectations Movie In each country, they would normally add Great Expectations Movie new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs Great Expectations Movie in Great Expectations Movie the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and Great Expectations Movie photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation Alien The Movie needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and Great Expectations Movie motion pictures became Great Expectations Movie a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and Great Expectations Movie commanded huge fees for their performances. Great Expectations Movie Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract Great Expectations Movie that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In Great Expectations Movie the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the Great Expectations Movie world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature Great Expectations Movie length films a year produced Great Expectations Movie by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this Great Expectations Movie title is the source of Great Expectations Movie some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense Great Expectations Movie involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances Great Expectations Movie in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Great Expectations Movie Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based Great Expectations Movie on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the Great Expectations Movie public film premiere itself. Great Expectations Movie Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience Great Expectations Movie response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or Great Expectations Movie previews are film Great Expectations Movie advertisements for Great Expectations Movie films that will Great Expectations Movie be exhibited in the Great Expectations Movie future at a cinema, Great Expectations Movie on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their Great Expectations Movie having originally been Great Expectations Movie shown at Great Expectations Movie the end of Great Expectations Movie a film programme. Great Expectations Movie That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after Great Expectations Movie the films ended, but the Great Expectations Movie name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in Great Expectations Movie a double feature program) begins.
The nature of the film determines the size and type Great Expectations Movie of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a Great Expectations Movie low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid Great Expectations Movie very little. Great Expectations Movie Also, an open source film may Great Expectations Movie be Great Expectations Movie produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and Great Expectations Movie is produced in a variety of Great Expectations Movie economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary Great Expectations Movie in China Great Expectations Movie to profit-oriented movie making Great Expectations Movie within the American studio system.
This production Great Expectations Movie cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A Great Expectations Movie film crew is a group of Great Expectations Movie people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, Great Expectations Movie for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in Great Expectations Movie front of the camera Great Expectations Movie or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and Great Expectations Movie his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided Great Expectations Movie into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props Great Expectations Movie and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in Great Expectations Movie the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first Great Expectations Movie type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format for Great Expectations Movie images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at Great Expectations Movie various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though Great Expectations Movie 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and Great Expectations Movie projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included Great Expectations Movie instructions Great Expectations Movie on How To Use Windows Movie Maker how fast each scene Great Expectations Movie should Great Expectations Movie be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced Great Expectations Movie in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because Great Expectations Movie it was the Great Expectations Movie slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization Great Expectations Movie of cameras � allowing Panama City Movie Theaters them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing Great Expectations Movie sound recorded Great Expectations Movie on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase Great Expectations Movie the camera, the Great Expectations Movie invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in Great Expectations Movie increasingly Great Expectations Movie dim Great Expectations Movie conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, Great Expectations Movie allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the Great Expectations Movie film, but for live-action pictures Great Expectations Movie many parts Great Expectations Movie of the soundtrack are usually Great Expectations Movie recorded simultaneously.
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As a medium, film is not limited to Great Expectations Movie motion Great Expectations Movie pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used Great Expectations Movie to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, Great Expectations Movie and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three Great Expectations Movie B&W negatives each exposed through Great Expectations Movie red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse Great Expectations Movie of the Technicolor process). Digital Great Expectations Movie methods have also been Great Expectations Movie used to restore films, although their continued Great Expectations Movie obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a Great Expectations Movie poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film Great Expectations Movie stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, Great Expectations Movie and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them available to future Great Expectations Movie generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is Great Expectations Movie generally a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color Great Expectations Movie films, due to their Great Expectations Movie high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been Great Expectations Movie recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television Great Expectations Movie production. Modern digital video cameras Great Expectations Movie and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are Great Expectations Movie extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film Great Expectations Movie stock to be Great Expectations Movie processed. Yet Great Expectations Movie the migration is gradual, Great Expectations Movie and Great Expectations Movie as of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on Great Expectations Movie film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside Great Expectations Movie of Hollywood, or other major studio Great Expectations Movie systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or Great Expectations Movie distribution from a major Great Expectations Movie movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to Great Expectations Movie the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early Great Expectations Movie 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing Great Expectations Movie (over Great Expectations Movie two-thirds of the films Great Expectations Movie put out Great Expectations Movie by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up Great Expectations Movie from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio Great Expectations Movie film unless Great Expectations Movie he or she has significant industry Great Expectations Movie experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown Great Expectations Movie actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also Great Expectations Movie a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the Movie Coupons advent Great Expectations Movie of Great Expectations Movie consumer Great Expectations Movie camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital Great Expectations Movie video in the early 1990s, have lowered the Great Expectations Movie technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Great Expectations Movie Final Cut Express and iMovie make Great Expectations Movie movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since the introduction of DV technology, the Great Expectations Movie means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be Great Expectations Movie democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the Great Expectations Movie traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on Great Expectations Movie film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based Great Expectations Movie video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to Great Expectations Movie allow other parties to create fan fiction Great Expectations Movie or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Great Expectations Movie Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book Great Expectations Movie or a similar source, created by fans Great Expectations Movie rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally Great Expectations Movie been amateurs, but some of the more notable films Great Expectations Movie have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer Great Expectations Movie full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame Great Expectations Movie of Great Expectations Movie a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn Great Expectations Movie image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing Great Expectations Movie the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of Great Expectations Movie continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating Great Expectations Movie such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development Great Expectations Movie of computer animation has greatly sped up the Great Expectations Movie process.
File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Great Expectations Movie Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the Great Expectations Movie majority Great Expectations Movie of animation for TV and movies Great Expectations Movie comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation Great Expectations Movie being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single Great Expectations Movie person). Several independent animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
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Limited Great Expectations Movie animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other Great Expectations Movie studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is Great Expectations Movie a specific style of animation that depends Great Expectations Movie on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman Great Expectations Movie McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of Great Expectations Movie film, and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively Great Expectations Movie for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built Great Expectations Movie or Great Expectations Movie converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one Great Expectations Movie film is Great Expectations Movie the featured Great Expectations Movie presentation (or feature film). Before Great Expectations Movie the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, Great Expectations Movie a high quality "A picture" rented by an Great Expectations Movie independent Great Expectations Movie theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also Great Expectations Movie known as trailers Great Expectations Movie or Great Expectations Movie "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made Great Expectations Movie to Great Expectations Movie be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer Great Expectations Movie being shown Great Expectations Movie in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers Great Expectations Movie to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Great Expectations Movie Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other Great Expectations Movie venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video Great Expectations Movie movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar Great Expectations Movie genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these Great Expectations Movie markets.
The movie theater pays Great Expectations Movie an average of Great Expectations Movie about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental Great Expectations Movie fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies Great Expectations Movie are shown in first-run theaters for less than Great Expectations Movie 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year Great Expectations Movie that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters Great Expectations Movie and actually grow their theater Great Expectations Movie count through good word-of-mouth Current Movie Review and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide Great Expectations Movie income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came Great Expectations Movie from VHS Great Expectations Movie and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture Great Expectations Movie films have been around for more than a Great Expectations Movie century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. Great Expectations Movie In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing Great Expectations Movie technological sophistication over the Great Expectations Movie 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and Movie Software large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. Great Expectations Movie In the 1980s, when Great Expectations Movie the widespread availability of inexpensive Great Expectations Movie videocassette Great Expectations Movie recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry Great Expectations Movie analysts again wrongly predicted Great Expectations Movie the death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development Great Expectations Movie of digital DVD players, Great Expectations Movie home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled Great Expectations Movie people to select and Great Expectations Movie view films at home Great Expectations Movie with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and Great Expectations Movie visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film Great Expectations Movie with a Great Expectations Movie full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted Great Expectations Movie the Great Expectations Movie demise of the local Great Expectations Movie cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard Great Expectations Movie disks), a development Great Expectations Movie which may give local Great Expectations Movie theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge Great Expectations Movie from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide Great Expectations Movie full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema Great Expectations Movie quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers Great Expectations Movie a Great Expectations Movie pixel Great Expectations Movie resolution of |
