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Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, Movie Fone or Movie Fone by creating images using animation Movie Fone techniques or Movie Fone special effects. Films are cultural Movie Fone artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is Movie Fone considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue. Traditional films are Movie Fone made up Movie Fone of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The Movie Fone viewer cannot Movie Fone see the flickering Movie Fone between frames due to an Movie Fone effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a The origin of the Movie Fone name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) Movie Fone had historically been Movie Fone the primary Movie Fone medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many Movie Fone other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field Movie Fone in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms Movie Fone for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion Movie Fone were demonstrated with Movie Fone devices such as Movie Fone the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such Movie Fone as magic lanterns) and would Movie Fone display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis Movie Fone for the development of film animation. A frame from Roundhay Garden Movie Fone Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888 With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a Movie Fone person to look into a viewing machine to see the Movie Fone pictures Movie Fone which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. Movie Fone The pictures were shown at a variable speed of Movie Fone about 5 to 10

Movie Fone

pictures per second Movie Fone depending Movie Fone on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By Movie Sounds the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the Movie Fone development of a motion picture projector to shine

Movie Fone

light through Movie Fone the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, Movie Fone so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed Movie Fone an event or action with no editing or Movie Fone other Movie Fone cinematic techniques. Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th Movie Fone century, but these Movie Fone innovative Movie Fone silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Movie Fone Around

Movie Fone

the turn Movie Fone of the twentieth century, films Movie Fone began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots Movie Fone of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story

Movie Fone

on film. Movie Fone Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra Movie Fone to play music fitting the mood Movie Fone of the film at

Movie Fone

any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions. A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune Golden Compass Movie (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film. The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film Movie Fone industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, Movie Fone European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Movie Fone Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Movie Fone Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance the medium. Movie Fone In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished Movie Fone by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies. The next major step Movie Fone in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to Movie Fone color photography as Movie Fone opposed Movie Fone to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were Movie Fone filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in Movie Fone its Movie Fone competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the

Movie Fone

mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the Movie Fone succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and

Movie Fone

the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has Movie Fone been the driving Movie Fone force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century. Theory Main article: Film theory Film theory seeks to develop concise Movie Fone and systematic concepts Movie Fone that apply to the study of film as art. It

Movie Fone

was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Movie Fone Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted Movie Fone against Movie Fone this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality Movie Fone not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given Movie Fone rise Movie Fone to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others. Criticism Main article: Film criticism Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these Movie Fone works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that Movie Fone appears Movie Fone regularly in newspapers and other media. Film Movie Fone critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they

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only see any given film once and have

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Across The Universe Movie only a day Movie Fone or two Movie Fone to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have Halo The Movie an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed Movie Fone action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly Movie Fone affected Movie Fone by Movie Fone a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film Movie Fone that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor Movie Fone reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss. The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter Movie Fone of debate. Some claim that Movie Fone movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an Movie Fone impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised Movie Fone independent movies indicates that

Movie Fone

extreme critical Movie Fone reactions Movie Fone can Movie Fone have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest Movie Fone in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that Movie Fone they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the Movie Fone films often do poorly as Movie Fone a result. It is argued that Movie Fone journalist Movie Fone film critics should only be known as film Movie Fone reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as film theory Movie Fone or Movie Fone film studies. These film critics attempt Movie Fone to come to Movie Fone understand how film and filming techniques work, and Movie Fone what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles

Movie Fone

are published in Movie Fone scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities. Industry Main article: Film industry The making and Movie Fone showing of motion Movie Fone pictures became a source of profit almost as soon Movie Fone as the process was invented. Upon

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seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in

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their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and Movie Fone publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the

Movie Fone

first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion Movie Fone picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their

Movie Fone

performances. Movie Trailer Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had Movie Fone a contract that called for Movie Fone an annual salary of one million dollars. In the United States today, much Movie Fone of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Movie Fone Other regional centers exist in many parts of the Movie Fone world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length Movie Fone films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Movie Fone Though the expense involved in Movie Fone making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices Movie Fone of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish. Profit is a Nude Movie Stars key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky Movie Fone nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works Movie Fone of lasting social significance. The Academy Movie Fone Awards (also known as "the Movie Fone Oscars") are the Movie Fone most prominent film awards Movie Fone in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based Movie Fone on their artistic merits. There is also a large industry for educational and

Movie Fone

instructional films made Movie Fone in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts. Preview A preview performance Movie Fone refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.) Trailer Main article: Trailer Movie Fone (film) Trailers or Movie Fone previews are film advertisements for Movie Fone films Movie Fone that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end Movie Fone of a film programme. Movie Fone That practice Movie Fone did not last long, because Movie Fone patrons tended to leave Movie Fone the theater after the films ended, but the name Movie Fone has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the Movie Fone film (or the Movie Fone A movie in Movie Fone a double feature program) begins. The nature of the film determines the size and Movie Fone type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Movie Fone Hollywood adventure films need computer generated

Movie Fone

imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, Movie Fone independent film Movie Fone may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid Movie Fone very little. Also, an open source film may be Movie Fone produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place Movie Fone all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of Movie Fone economic Movie Fone contexts that range

Movie Fone

from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system. This production cycle typically takes three years. The first Movie Fone year is taken up with development. The second year Movie Fone comprises Movie Fone preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution. Crew Main article: Film crew A film crew is a group of Angus Movie people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the Movie Fone purpose Movie Fone of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are Movie Fone distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is Movie Fone also distinct from the Movie Fone production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those Movie Fone whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, Movie Fone such as Movie Fone writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes Movie Fone through Movie Fone the director and Movie Fone his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and Movie Fone cooperation between the departments. Other than Movie Fone acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in Movie Fone the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew. Technology Film stock consists of Movie Fone transparent Movie Fone celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Movie Fone Cellulose nitrate was the first type Movie Fone of

Movie Fone

film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually

Movie Fone

replaced by safer materials. Stock widths and the film format Movie Fone for images on the Movie Fone reel have had Movie Fone a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints. Originally moving Movie Fone picture film was Movie Fone shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked Movie Data Base cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent Movie Fone speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 Movie Fone frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. Movie Fone When Movie Fone sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed Movie Fone was required for the sound head. 24 frames

Movie Fone

per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century Movie Fone include Movie Fone the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound Movie Fone recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the Movie Fone camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly dim conditions, and the Movie Fone development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at

Movie Fone

exactly Movie Fone the same speed Movie Fone as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be Movie Fone recorded separately from shooting the Movie Fone film, but for live-action pictures many Movie Fone parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously. As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to Movie Time present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a Movie Fone slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia Movie Fone presentations, and often has Movie Fone importance as primary historical Movie Fone documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation Movie Fone and storage, and the motion picture Movie Fone industry is exploring many alternatives. Movie Fone Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save Movie Fone color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue Movie Fone filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore Movie Fone films, although Movie Fone their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of Movie Fone decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order Movie Fone to make them available to Movie Fone future generations (and thereby increase revenue).

Movie Fone

Preservation is generally a higher-concern Movie Fone for nitrate and single-strip color films, Movie Fone due to their high decay rates; black and white Movie Fone films on Movie Fone safety bases and color films Movie Fone preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper handling Movie Fone and storage. Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern Movie Fone digital video cameras and digital projectors

Movie Fone

are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of Movie Fone 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded Movie Fone on film. Independent Main article: Independent film The Lumiere Brothers Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially Movie Fone produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to Movie Fone the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century. On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio Movie Fone films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards Movie Fone co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out Movie Fone by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% Movie Fone in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is Movie Fone almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely Kamasutra Movie produce films Movie Fone with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles. Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment Movie Fone and Movie Fone stock was also a hurdle to being able to Movie Fone produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2]. But Movie Fone the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs Disney Movie Quotes have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware

Movie Fone

and software for post-production can be installed Movie Fone in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, Movie Fone FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer Movie Fone level software such Movie Fone as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive. Since the introduction of Movie Fone DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and Movie Fone mix the final cut Movie Fone on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Movie Fone Most independent filmmakers rely Movie Fone on film festivals Movie Fone to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways Movie Fone that are still to be determined. Open content film Main article: Open content film An open content film is much Movie Fone like an independent Movie Fone film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its Movie Fone source material is available under a license which is permissive Movie Fone enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or Movie Fone derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent

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filmmaking,

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open Movie Fone source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. Fan film Main article: Fan film A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the Movie Fone source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers Movie Fone have traditionally Movie Fone been amateurs, but some Movie Fone of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary Movie Fone tremendously in length, Movie Fone from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures Animation is the technique in Movie Fone which each Movie Fone frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly Movie Fone making small Movie Fone changes to Movie Fone a model unit (see Movie Fone claymation and Movie Fone stop motion), and Movie Wavs then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film Movie Fone is viewed at Movie Fone a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence Into The Wild Movie of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process. File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Movie Fone Shockwave

Movie Fone

and Flash allow animation to be

Movie Fone

viewed on a computer or over the Internet. Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for Movie Fone TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced Movie Fone by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have gone Movie Fone on to enter the professional animation industry. Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using Movie Fone "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3] Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by

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moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run Movie Fone through a projector. Venues When

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it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents). Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before Movie Fone the 1970s, Movie Fone there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A Movie Fone picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for Movie Fone a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk Movie Fone of Movie Fone the material shown Movie Fone before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and Movie Fone paid advertisements (also known as trailers or Movie Fone "The Twenty"). Historically, all mass marketed feature films Movie Fone were made to be shown Movie Fone in movie theaters. The development of television Movie Fone has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being Movie Fone shown in theaters. Recording technology Movie Fone has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of Movie Fone films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, Movie Fone VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available Movie Fone and have started to become revenue sources for the film Movie Fone companies. Some Movie Fone films are now made specifically for these other venues, being Movie Fone released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values Free Xxx Movie on these films are often considered Movie Fone to be of Movie Fone inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, Movie Fone and indeed, Movie Fone some Movie Fone films that Movie Fone are rejected by their own Movie Fone studios upon completion are distributed through these markets. The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of Movie Fone its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with Movie Fone a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, Movie Fone as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about Movie Fone 26% Movie Fone of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, Movie Fone cable, and pay-per-view).[6] Future state While motion picture films Movie Fone have been around for more than a century, film is still a Movie Fone relative newcomer Movie Fone in the pantheon of fine arts. In Movie Fone the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing Movie Fone technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and Movie Fone large screens, motion picture Movie Fone cinemas

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continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders Movie Fone enabled people Movie Fone to select films for home viewing, industry Movie Fone analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas. In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital Movie Fone DVD players, home theater amplification systems Movie Fone with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that Movie Fone in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Movie Fone Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital Movie Fone screens, a new approach which will Movie Fone allow for easier and quicker Movie Fone distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise. The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema Movie Fone quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of Movie Fone 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video Movie Fone standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or

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1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer Movie Fone a Movie Fone massive resolution of 7680?4320, Movie Fone surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor to Movie Fone these new innovations is IMAX which can play film content at Movie Fone an extreme 10000?7000 resolution. Despite the rise of Movie Fone all new technologies, Movie Fone the development of the Movie Fone home video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to suffer as a result of the effects listed above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for Movie Fone the future.

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