Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and Kamasutra Movie the motion picture Kamasutra Movie industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world Kamasutra Movie with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important Kamasutra Movie art Kamasutra Movie form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. Kamasutra Movie The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures Kamasutra Movie a universal power of Kamasutra Movie communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by Kamasutra Movie using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are made up of a series Kamasutra Movie of Kamasutra Movie individual images Kamasutra Movie called frames. When these images are shown rapidly Kamasutra Movie in succession, a viewer has the illusion Kamasutra Movie that motion is occurring. The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect Kamasutra Movie known as persistence of vision, Kamasutra Movie whereby the eye retains a
The origin of Kamasutra Movie the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) Kamasutra Movie had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, Kamasutra Movie flick, and most commonly, Kamasutra Movie movie. Additional Kamasutra Movie terms for the field in general include Kamasutra Movie the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple Kamasutra Movie optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a Kamasutra Movie phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the Kamasutra Movie images needed Kamasutra Movie to Kamasutra Movie be carefully designed to Kamasutra Movie achieve the Kamasutra Movie desired effect Kamasutra Movie � and the underlying principle became Kamasutra Movie the basis for the development of film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's Kamasutra Movie earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in motion in real time. Early versions of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were Kamasutra Movie separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 Kamasutra Movie to 10 pictures per second depending on Kamasutra Movie how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. Enchanted Movie By the 1880s, the development of Kamasutra Movie the Kamasutra Movie motion picture camera allowed Kamasutra Movie the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector Kamasutra Movie to shine light Kamasutra Movie through the processed and printed film and magnify Kamasutra Movie these "moving picture shows" onto a Kamasutra Movie screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, Kamasutra Movie came to be known as "motion pictures". Early Kamasutra Movie motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual Kamasutra Movie art through the late Kamasutra Movie 19th Kamasutra Movie century, but these innovative silent films Kamasutra Movie had gained Kamasutra Movie a hold Kamasutra Movie on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were Kamasutra Movie realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater Kamasutra Movie owners would Kamasutra Movie hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music fitting the mood of the film Kamasutra Movie at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of Kamasutra Movie sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune Kamasutra Movie (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early Kamasutra Movie narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry Kamasutra Movie in Kamasutra Movie United States flourished Kamasutra Movie with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, Kamasutra Movie European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, Kamasutra Movie continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, Kamasutra Movie music and sound Kamasutra Movie effects synchronized Kamasutra Movie with Movie Rentals the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in Kamasutra Movie the development of cinema was the introduction of Kamasutra Movie so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly Kamasutra Movie eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was Kamasutra Movie adopted more gradually as methods evolved Kamasutra Movie making it more practical Kamasutra Movie and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public Kamasutra Movie was relatively indifferent Kamasutra Movie to color photography as Kamasutra Movie opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and Kamasutra Movie more movies were filmed in Kamasutra Movie color after the end of World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting Kamasutra Movie audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of the studio system in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style Kamasutra Movie of film. New Hollywood, French New Movie Links Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes Kamasutra Movie the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s Kamasutra Movie and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory seeks to develop concise Kamasutra Movie and systematic concepts that apply to the study Kamasutra Movie of film as art. It was started by Kamasutra Movie Ricciotto Movie Sounds Canudo's The Birth of the Kamasutra Movie Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Kamasutra Movie Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film Kamasutra Movie differed from Kamasutra Movie reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Kamasutra Movie Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its Kamasutra Movie differences from reality, and this Kamasutra Movie gave rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Kamasutra Movie Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given Kamasutra Movie rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and Kamasutra Movie others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, Kamasutra Movie these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that Kamasutra Movie appears regularly in newspapers and Kamasutra Movie other media.
Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any Kamasutra Movie given film once and Kamasutra Movie have only a Kamasutra Movie day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, Kamasutra Movie horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss.
The impact of a Kamasutra Movie reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a Kamasutra Movie matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is Kamasutra Movie now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of Kamasutra Movie some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically Kamasutra Movie praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Kamasutra Movie Others Kamasutra Movie note that positive film Kamasutra Movie reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known Kamasutra Movie films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films Kamasutra Movie often Kamasutra Movie do poorly as a result.
It Kamasutra Movie is Kamasutra Movie argued that journalist film critics Kamasutra Movie should only Kamasutra Movie be known as film Kamasutra Movie reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic Kamasutra Movie approach to Kamasutra Movie films. This line of work is more Kamasutra Movie often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and Kamasutra Movie filming techniques work, Kamasutra Movie and what effect they have on Kamasutra Movie people. Rather Kamasutra Movie than Kamasutra Movie having their works published in newspapers Kamasutra Movie or appear on television, their Kamasutra Movie articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to Kamasutra Movie be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to Kamasutra Movie exhibit the first films Kamasutra Movie privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In Kamasutra Movie each Kamasutra Movie country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their Kamasutra Movie equipment and photograph, export, import and screen Kamasutra Movie additional product Kamasutra Movie commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was Kamasutra Movie the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures Kamasutra Movie soon followed, and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed Kamasutra Movie specifically to produce and distribute films, while Kamasutra Movie motion picture actors became major celebrities Kamasutra Movie and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by Kamasutra Movie 1917, Charlie Kamasutra Movie Chaplin had a contract Kamasutra Movie that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
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In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Kamasutra Movie Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature Kamasutra Movie length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, Kamasutra Movie recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, Kamasutra Movie due Kamasutra Movie to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films Kamasutra Movie have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet Kamasutra Movie many filmmakers strive to create works Kamasutra Movie of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition Kamasutra Movie each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the purposes of corporate promotions, before Kamasutra Movie the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used Kamasutra Movie Golden Compass Movie to judge audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films Kamasutra Movie that will Kamasutra Movie be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally Kamasutra Movie been shown at Kamasutra Movie the end of a film programme. That practice did not last Kamasutra Movie long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature Kamasutra Movie of the film determines the size Kamasutra Movie and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), Kamasutra Movie created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a Kamasutra Movie low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced Across The Universe Movie through open, Kamasutra Movie collaborative processes. Kamasutra Movie Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting Kamasutra Movie and genre, and is produced Kamasutra Movie in a variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second year Kamasutra Movie comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A Kamasutra Movie film crew is a group of people hired by Kamasutra Movie a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film Kamasutra Movie or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from Kamasutra Movie cast, the actors who appear Kamasutra Movie in front of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility Kamasutra Movie falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews Kamasutra Movie are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the Kamasutra Movie departments. Other than acting, Kamasutra Movie the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., Kamasutra Movie lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in Kamasutra Movie the film industry as "craft services") Kamasutra Movie are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of Kamasutra Movie film base used to record motion pictures, but due to Kamasutra Movie its flammability was eventually replaced by Kamasutra Movie safer materials. Stock widths and Kamasutra Movie the Kamasutra Movie film format for images on the reel Kamasutra Movie have had a rich history, though most large commercial Kamasutra Movie films are still Kamasutra Movie shot on (and distributed Kamasutra Movie to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute Kamasutra Movie (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a Kamasutra Movie standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on Kamasutra Movie up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required Kamasutra Movie for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Kamasutra Movie Improvements since the late 19th Kamasutra Movie century include the mechanization Kamasutra Movie of cameras � allowing them to record Kamasutra Movie at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without Kamasutra Movie requiring large "blimps" to encase Kamasutra Movie the camera, the Kamasutra Movie invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing Kamasutra Movie directors to film in Kamasutra Movie increasingly dim conditions, and the development of Kamasutra Movie synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the Halo The Movie film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
As a Kamasutra Movie medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It Kamasutra Movie can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into Kamasutra Movie multimedia presentations, and often has Kamasutra Movie importance as Kamasutra Movie primary Kamasutra Movie historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry Kamasutra Movie is exploring Kamasutra Movie many alternatives. Most Kamasutra Movie movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three Kamasutra Movie B&W negatives each Kamasutra Movie exposed through red, Kamasutra Movie green, or blue Movie Trailer filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their Kamasutra Movie continued obsolescence cycle Kamasutra Movie makes them (as of 2006) a poor Kamasutra Movie choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock Kamasutra Movie is Kamasutra Movie a matter of concern Kamasutra Movie to both Kamasutra Movie film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products Kamasutra Movie in order to make them available to future Kamasutra Movie generations (and thereby Kamasutra Movie increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern Kamasutra Movie for nitrate Kamasutra Movie and single-strip color films, due to their high decay Kamasutra Movie rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films preserved on Kamasutra Movie Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, Kamasutra Movie assuming proper handling and storage.
Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to Kamasutra Movie that used in television production. Modern digital video cameras Kamasutra Movie and Kamasutra Movie digital projectors are Kamasutra Movie gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial Kamasutra Movie to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and Kamasutra Movie edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 Kamasutra Movie most major motion Kamasutra Movie pictures are still recorded Kamasutra Movie on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Kamasutra Movie Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes place outside Kamasutra Movie of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a Kamasutra Movie major movie studio. Creative, business, and Kamasutra Movie technological reasons have all contributed to the growth Kamasutra Movie of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business Kamasutra Movie side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director Kamasutra Movie is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he Nude Movie Stars or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely Kamasutra Movie produce films Kamasutra Movie with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent of Kamasutra Movie digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and Kamasutra Movie stock was Kamasutra Movie also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star Kamasutra Movie in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, Kamasutra Movie have lowered the technology barrier Angus Movie to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; Kamasutra Movie today, the hardware and software for post-production can be Kamasutra Movie installed in a commodity-based personal Kamasutra Movie computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
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Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of Kamasutra Movie production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound Kamasutra Movie and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely on film Kamasutra Movie festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still Kamasutra Movie to be determined.
Open Kamasutra Movie content film
Main article: Open content film
An open Kamasutra Movie content film Kamasutra Movie is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source Kamasutra Movie material is Kamasutra Movie available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, Kamasutra Movie or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by Kamasutra Movie professional filmmakers as film school class projects Kamasutra Movie or Kamasutra Movie as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to Kamasutra Movie rarer Kamasutra Movie full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as Kamasutra Movie a Kamasutra Movie computer graphic, Kamasutra Movie or Kamasutra Movie by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there Kamasutra Movie is Kamasutra Movie an illusion of continuous Kamasutra Movie movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very Movie Data Base labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
File formats like GIF, Kamasutra Movie QuickTime, Kamasutra Movie Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed on Kamasutra Movie a Kamasutra Movie computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at least Kamasutra Movie since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent Kamasutra Movie animation producers have gone on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing Kamasutra Movie costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted Kamasutra Movie by other Kamasutra Movie studios as Kamasutra Movie cartoons moved from movie theaters Kamasutra Movie to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation Movie Time that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and Kamasutra Movie drawn directly onto pieces of film, Kamasutra Movie and then run through a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a Kamasutra Movie feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie Kamasutra Movie theater Kamasutra Movie or cinema. The Kamasutra Movie first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Kamasutra Movie Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands Kamasutra Movie of such theaters were built or converted from Kamasutra Movie existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United States, Kamasutra Movie these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the Kamasutra Movie 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality Kamasutra Movie "A picture" rented by an independent theater for Kamasutra Movie a lump sum, and a "B Kamasutra Movie picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown Kamasutra Movie before the Kamasutra Movie feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown Kamasutra Movie in movie theaters. Kamasutra Movie The development Kamasutra Movie of television has allowed films to be broadcast Kamasutra Movie to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown Kamasutra Movie in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or Kamasutra Movie DVD (and the older Kamasutra Movie formats of laserdisc, VCD and Kamasutra Movie SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality Kamasutra Movie compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films Kamasutra Movie that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The movie theater pays an average of about Kamasutra Movie 50-55% of its ticket sales to Kamasutra Movie the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that, Kamasutra Movie and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's Kamasutra Movie barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less than Kamasutra Movie 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and Kamasutra Movie actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a Kamasutra Movie 2000 study Kamasutra Movie by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came Kamasutra Movie from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, Kamasutra Movie motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when Kamasutra Movie the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people Kamasutra Movie to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again Kamasutra Movie wrongly predicted the death of the Kamasutra Movie local cinemas.
In Kamasutra Movie the 1990s Kamasutra Movie and 2000s the Kamasutra Movie development of digital DVD players, home theater Kamasutra Movie amplification systems with surround Kamasutra Movie sound and subwoofers, and Kamasutra Movie large LCD Kamasutra Movie or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual Kamasutra Movie that in the Kamasutra Movie past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen Kamasutra Movie presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once Kamasutra Movie again industry analysts Kamasutra Movie predicted the demise of Kamasutra Movie the local cinema. Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of Kamasutra Movie films (via satellite Kamasutra Movie or Kamasutra Movie hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home Kamasutra Movie video by the likes of Kamasutra Movie a new DVD Kamasutra Movie format Blu-ray, which can Kamasutra Movie provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are Kamasutra Movie gradually catching up with Kamasutra Movie the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a Kamasutra Movie pixel Kamasutra Movie resolution of Kamasutra Movie 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered Kamasutra Movie by the first home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a massive resolution of Kamasutra Movie 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only Kamasutra Movie viable competitor Kamasutra Movie to these new innovations is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution.
Despite the rise of all new technologies, the development of the home video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in Kamasutra Movie film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to suffer Kamasutra Movie as a result of the effects listed above but it has Kamasutra Movie flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. |
