Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film Movie Sounds as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, Movie Sounds or by creating images using Twilight The Movie animation Movie Sounds techniques or special effects.
Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect Movie Sounds those cultures, and, in Movie Sounds turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an Movie Sounds important art form, a source of popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema Movie Sounds gives motion Movie Sounds pictures a universal power of communication. Some films Movie Sounds have Movie Sounds become popular worldwide attractions by Movie Sounds using dubbing or subtitles Movie Sounds that translate the dialogue.
Traditional films are Movie Sounds made up of a series of individual images called frames. Movie Sounds When these Movie Sounds images are shown Movie Sounds rapidly in succession, a Movie Sounds viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer Movie Sounds cannot see the flickering between frames due to Movie Sounds an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a
The origin of the name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film (also called film Movie Sounds stock) had historically Movie Sounds been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, Movie Sounds photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the field in general include the big Movie Sounds screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in Movie Sounds motion were Movie Sounds demonstrated with devices such as the Movie Sounds zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) Movie Sounds and would display Movie Sounds sequences of still pictures at sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to Movie Sounds be Movie Sounds moving, Movie Sounds a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed Movie Sounds to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of Movie Sounds film animation.
A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, 1888
With the development of Movie Sounds celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture objects in Movie Sounds motion in real time. Early versions of Movie Sounds the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which Movie Sounds were separate paper prints attached to a Movie Sounds drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown Movie Sounds at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second depending on Movie Sounds how rapidly the crank was turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and stored on a single Movie Sounds reel, and led quickly to the development of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for an entire audience. These reels, so exhibited, came Movie Sounds to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques.
Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films Movie Sounds began developing a narrative structure Movie Sounds by stringing scenes together Movie Sounds to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into Movie Sounds multiple shots of varying sizes and Movie Sounds angles. Other techniques such as camera Movie Sounds movement Movie Sounds were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather than leave the audience in silence, theater owners Movie Sounds would hire Movie Sounds a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play Movie Sounds music fitting the mood of the film at Celeb Movie Archives any given moment. By the early Hd Dvd Movie Reviews 1920s, most films came with a prepared list Movie Sounds of sheet music for Movie Sounds this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for Movie Sounds major productions.
A shot from Georges Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Movie Sounds Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
The rise of European cinema was Movie Sounds interrupted by the breakout of World Movie Sounds War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Movie Sounds Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton and others, Buy Movie continued to advance the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with Movie Sounds the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished Movie Sounds by calling them Movie Sounds "talking pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development Movie Sounds of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, Movie Sounds color was adopted more gradually as methods Movie Sounds evolved making it more practical Movie Sounds and cost Movie Sounds effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became Movie Sounds as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed in color after the end of World War II, as the industry Movie Sounds in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in Movie Sounds its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium Movie Sounds until the mid-1960s. By the end of the 1960s, col
Since the decline of Rambo Movie the studio Movie Sounds system Movie Sounds in the 1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the Movie Sounds rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part Movie Sounds of the changes the medium experienced in the Movie Sounds latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in Movie Sounds change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century.
Theory
Main article: Film theory
Film theory Movie Sounds seeks to develop Movie Sounds concise and systematic concepts Movie Sounds that apply to the study Movie Sounds of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's The Birth of Movie Sounds the Sixth Art. Movie Sounds Formalist film theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized Movie Sounds how film differed from Movie Sounds reality, Movie Sounds and Movie Sounds thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing Movie Sounds that film's artistic essence lay in its Movie Sounds ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this Movie Sounds gave Movie Sounds rise to realist theory. More recent Movie Sounds analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's Movie Sounds semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others.
Criticism
Main article: Film criticism
Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media.
Film critics Movie Sounds working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any given film once and Movie Sounds have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a Y Tu Mama Tambien Movie Script critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film Movie Sounds that Movie Sounds makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact on whether people Movie Sounds decide to see a Movie Sounds film. For Movie Sounds prestige films such as most dramas, the influence Movie Sounds of reviews Movie Sounds is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to Movie Sounds obscurity and financial loss.
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The impact of Movie Sounds a reviewer on a given film's box office performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie Movie Sounds marketing is now so intense and well financed Movie Sounds that reviewers cannot make Movie Sounds an impact against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were Movie Sounds harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of Movie Sounds critically praised independent Movie Sounds movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little Movie Monologues confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an Movie Sounds advanced viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn the public that the film may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result.
It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come Movie Sounds to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers Movie Sounds or appear on television, their Movie Sounds articles are published Movie Sounds in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities.
Industry
Main article: Film industry
The making and Movie Sounds showing of motion pictures became a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon Movie Sounds seeing how successful their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In Movie Sounds each country, Movie Sounds they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and photograph, export, import and screen additional product commercially. The Movie Sounds Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] Movie Sounds was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon Movie Sounds followed, Movie Sounds and motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors Movie Sounds became major celebrities and commanded huge Movie Sounds fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars.
In the Movie Sounds United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the Movie Sounds world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in Movie Sounds the world.[1] Whether the Movie Sounds ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the expense Movie Sounds involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish.
Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky Movie Sounds nature Movie Sounds of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards Movie Sounds (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent Movie Sounds film awards in the United Movie Sounds States, providing recognition each year to films, Movie Sounds ostensibly Movie Sounds based on their artistic merits.
There is also a large industry for educational Movie Sounds and Movie Sounds instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts.
Preview
A preview performance refers to Movie Sounds a showing of a movie to a select audience, usually for the Movie Sounds purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used to judge audience reaction, which if Movie Sounds unexpectedly negative, Movie Sounds may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.)
Trailer
Main article: Trailer (film)
Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a film programme. That practice did not last Movie Sounds long, because patrons tended to Movie Sounds leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are Movie Sounds now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins.
The nature Movie Sounds of the film determines the size and type Movie Sounds of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer Movie Sounds generated Movie Sounds imagery (CGI), Movie Sounds created by Movie Sounds dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. Movie Sounds However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton Movie Sounds crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes Movie Sounds place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic Movie Sounds contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system.
This production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. Movie Sounds The second year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution.
Crew
Main article: Film crew
A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" Movie Sounds Free Adult Movie Clips or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of the camera or Movie Sounds provide voices for Movie Sounds characters in the film. The crew interacts Movie Sounds with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, Movie Sounds managers, company Movie Sounds representatives, their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and Movie Sounds editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for Movie Sounds interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, Movie Sounds the crew handles everything in the photography phase: Movie Sounds props Movie Sounds and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Movie Sounds Caterers (known Movie Sounds in the Movie Sounds film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew.
Technology
Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability Movie Sounds was eventually replaced by safer materials. Stock widths Movie Sounds and Movie Sounds the Movie Sounds film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, Movie Sounds though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints.
Originally moving picture film was shot and projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were Movie Sounds shot between 16 frame/s Movie Sounds and 23 frame/s and projected Movie Sounds from Movie Sounds 18 frame/s on up (often reels included instructions on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound film Movie Sounds was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and Movie Sounds thus cheapest) speed which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to Movie Sounds record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � Movie Sounds allowing sound recorded on-set to Movie Sounds be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in Movie Sounds increasingly dim conditions, Movie Sounds and the development of synchronized sound, allowing Movie Sounds sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the Movie Sounds soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously.
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As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since Movie Sounds the technology Movie Sounds developed as the basis for photography. Movie Sounds It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical Movie Sounds documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation and storage, and the motion picture industry is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose Movie Sounds nitrate base have been copied Funny Movie Quotes onto Movie Sounds modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W Movie Sounds negatives each Movie Sounds exposed through red, Movie Sounds green, or blue filters (essentially a Movie Sounds reverse of the Movie Sounds Technicolor process). Digital methods have also Movie Sounds been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products Movie Sounds in order to make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a Movie Sounds higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color Movie Sounds films, due to their high decay rates; Movie Sounds black and Movie Sounds white films on safety bases and Movie Sounds color films preserved on Free Adult Movie Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming Movie Sounds proper handling and storage.
Some Movie Sounds films in recent decades have been recorded using analog Movie Sounds video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern New Batman Movie digital video cameras Movie Sounds and digital projectors are Movie Sounds gaining ground as well. These approaches are Movie Sounds extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because Movie Sounds footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the film stock to be processed. Yet the migration Movie Sounds is gradual, and as Movie Sounds of 2005 most major Movie Sounds motion pictures are still Movie Sounds recorded on film.
Independent
Main article: Independent film
The Lumiere Brothers
Independent filmmaking often takes Movie Sounds place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or Movie Sounds indie film) is Movie Sounds a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film Movie Sounds scene in the late 20th and early 21st century.
On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films Uncensored Malayalam Movie also leads to conservative choices in cast and Movie Sounds crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Movie Sounds Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from Movie Sounds 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director Movie Sounds is Movie Sounds almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio Movie Sounds film unless Movie Sounds he Movie Sounds or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles.
Before the advent Movie Sounds of digital alternatives, Movie Sounds the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star Movie Sounds in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs Movie Sounds were up 23%, according to Variety.[2].
But the Movie Sounds advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, Movie Sounds and more importantly, the arrival of Movie Sounds high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have Movie Sounds lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire Movie Sounds connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas Movie Sounds and Apple's Movie Sounds Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Movie Sounds Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive.
Since Movie Sounds the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have Movie Sounds become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit Movie Sounds a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means of production may be democratized, Movie Sounds financing, distribution, Movie Sounds and marketing remain difficult to Movie Sounds accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent filmmakers rely Movie Sounds on film festivals to get their films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still Movie Sounds to be determined.
Open content film
Main article: Open content film
An Movie Sounds open content film is much like an independent film, but Movie Sounds it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license Movie Sounds which is permissive enough to allow other Movie Sounds parties to create fan Movie Sounds fiction Movie Sounds or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source Movie Sounds filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems.
Fan film
Main article: Fan film
A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television Movie Sounds program, comic book or a similar source, created Movie Sounds by fans Movie Sounds rather than Movie Sounds by the source's copyright Movie Sounds holders or creators. Fan filmmakers Movie Sounds have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school Movie Sounds class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films vary tremendously in length, from short faux-teaser trailers for Movie Sounds non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures
Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, Movie Sounds Enchanted Movie whether generated Movie Sounds as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly Movie Sounds making Movie Sounds small changes to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are Movie Sounds strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or Movie Sounds more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating Movie Sounds such a film is very labour intensive Movie Sounds and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
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File formats like GIF, Movie Sounds QuickTime, Shockwave and Flash allow animation to be viewed Movie Sounds on a computer or over the Internet.
Because animation is very time-consuming Movie Sounds and often very expensive to produce, Movie Sounds the majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. Movie Sounds However, the field of independent animation has existed Movie Sounds at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by Movie Sounds independent Movie Sounds studios (and sometimes Movie Sounds by a single person). Several independent Movie Sounds animation producers have gone Movie Sounds on to enter the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of Movie Sounds animation by using Movie Sounds "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Movie Sounds Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3]
Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their Movie Sounds productions, there is a specific style of Movie Sounds animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made Movie Sounds famous by moviemakers like Movie Sounds Norman Movie Sounds McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through Movie Sounds a projector.
Venues
When it is initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater Movie Sounds or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in Movie Sounds 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were built or converted Movie Sounds from existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the United Movie Sounds States, these theaters Movie Sounds came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically Movie Sounds cost a nickel (five cents).
Typically, one film is the featured presentation Movie Sounds (or feature Movie Sounds film). Before the 1970s, there were "double Movie Sounds features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" of lower quality rented for a percentage Movie Sounds of the gross receipts. Today, the Movie Sounds bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid Movie Sounds advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Movie Sounds Twenty").
Historically, all mass marketed feature Movie Sounds films were made to Movie Sounds be shown in movie theaters. The development of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy Movie Rentals copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, Movie Sounds VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), Movie Sounds and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources Movie Sounds for the film companies. Some films are now Movie Sounds made specifically for Movie Sounds these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. Movie Sounds The production values on Movie Sounds these films are often considered to Movie Sounds be of inferior quality Movie Sounds compared to theatrical Movie Sounds releases in similar genres, and indeed, Movie Sounds some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets.
The Movie Sounds movie Movie Sounds theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, Movie Sounds as film rental fees.[6] The actual percentage starts with a number higher Movie Sounds than Movie Sounds that, and decreases Movie Sounds as the duration of a film's showing continues, Movie Sounds as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of Movie Sounds highly marketed movies Movie Sounds ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for less Movie Sounds than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that Movie Sounds defy this rule, often limited-release movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good Movie Sounds word-of-mouth Movie Sounds and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about Movie Links 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket Movie Sounds sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, Movie Sounds and pay-per-view).[6]
Future state
While motion picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological Movie Sounds sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when Movie Sounds the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to select films for home viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the Movie Sounds death of the local cinemas.
In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local Movie Sounds cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality Movie Sounds multi-speaker sound system. Movie Sounds Once again industry analysts predicted the demise Movie Sounds of Movie Sounds the local Movie Sounds cinema. Local cinemas will Movie Sounds be changing in the Movie Sounds 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a Movie Sounds reprieve from their predicted demise.
The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions Movie Sounds and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution Movie Sounds of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first Movie Sounds home video standard VHS. Movie Sounds The maximum resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video Movie Sounds format, will offer a massive Movie Sounds resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor to these new innovations is IMAX Movie Sounds which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 Movie Sounds resolution.
Despite the rise of all new technologies, the Movie Sounds development of the home video market and a surge of Movie Sounds online Movie Sounds piracy, 2007 was a record year in Movie Sounds film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to suffer as a Movie Sounds result of the effects listed above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. Movie Sounds |
