An employer is a person or Bridget Nielsen Nude institution that hires employees or workers. Employers offer wages or a Bridget Nielsen Nude salary to the workers in exchange for the worker's labor power, depending upon whether the employee is paid by the hour or a set rate per Bridget Nielsen Nude pay period. A salaried employee is typically not paid more for more hours worked than Bridget Nielsen Nude the minimum, whereas wages are paid for all hours worked, including overtime.
Employers include everything from individuals hiring a babysitter to governments and businesses which may hire many thousands of employees. In most western societies governments are the largest Bridget Nielsen Nude single employers, but most of the work force is employed in small and Bridget Nielsen Nude medium businesses in the private sector.
Note that although employees may contribute to the evolution of an an enterprise, the employer maintains autonomous control over the productive base of Bridget Nielsen Nude land and capital, and is the Bridget Nielsen Nude entity named in contracts. The employer typically also maintains Julie Banderas Nude ownership of Bridget Nielsen Nude intellectual property created by an employee Bridget Nielsen Nude within the scope of employment and as a function thereof. These are known as "works for hire".
An employers� relative level of power over employees is dependent upon numerous factors; the most influential being the nature of the employment relationship. The relationship Hannah Montana Nude Photos employers share with employees is affected by three significant factors � interests, Bridget Nielsen Nude control and motivation. It is up to employers Bridget Nielsen Nude to effectively manage and balance these factors to ensure a harmonious and productive working relationship.
The balance of Bridget Nielsen Nude economic efficiency and social equity is the ultimate debate Bridget Nielsen Nude in the field of employment relations. Bridget Nielsen Nude By meeting the needs of the employer; Bridget Nielsen Nude generating profits to Bridget Nielsen Nude establish and maintain economic Bridget Nielsen Nude efficiency; whilst maintaining a balance with the employee Bridget Nielsen Nude and creating Bridget Nielsen Nude social Bridget Nielsen Nude equity that benefits the worker so that he/she can fund and Bridget Nielsen Nude enjoy healthy living; proves to be Bridget Nielsen Nude a Bridget Nielsen Nude continuous revolving issue in Bridget Nielsen Nude westernised societies.
Globalisation has effected these issues by creating certain economic factors Danielle Harris Nude Pics that disallow or allow various Bridget Nielsen Nude employment issues. Economist Edward Lee (1996) studies the effects Bridget Nielsen Nude of globalisation and summarizes Bridget Nielsen Nude the four major points of concern that effect employment relations: (1) International competition, from the newly industrialized countries, will cause unemployment growth and increased wage disparity for unskilled workers Bridget Nielsen Nude in industrialized countries. Imports from low-wage Bridget Nielsen Nude countries exert pressure on the manufacturing sector in Bridget Nielsen Nude industrialized countries and foreign direct Bridget Nielsen Nude Cute Nude Coed investment (FDI) is attracted away from the industrialized nations, towards low-waged countries. (2) Economic liberalization will result Bridget Nielsen Nude in unemployment and wage inequality Bridget Nielsen Nude in developing countries. This happens Bridget Nielsen Nude as job losses in un-competitive industries outstrip job Bridget Nielsen Nude opportunities in new industries. Workers will be forced to Bridget Nielsen Nude accept worsening wages and conditions, as a global labour market results in Bridget Nielsen Nude a �race to the bottom�. Increased international competition creates Bridget Nielsen Nude a Bridget Nielsen Nude pressure to reduce the wages Bridget Nielsen Nude and conditions of workers. Globalization reduces the autonomy of the Nude Girls Next Door nation state. Bridget Nielsen Nude Capital is increasingly mobile and the ability of the state to regulate economic activity is reduced.
What Bridget Nielsen Nude also result�s to Lee�s (1996) findings is that in industrialized countries an average of almost 70 per cent of workers are employed Bridget Nielsen Nude in the service sector, most of which consists Bridget Nielsen Nude of non-tradable activities. As a Bridget Nielsen Nude result workers are either forced to become more Bridget Nielsen Nude skilled an develop sought after trades or Bridget Nielsen Nude become of this Bridget Nielsen Nude sector. Ultimately this is a result of changes and Patricia Kara Nude trends of employment, an evolving workforce and globalisation Bridget Nielsen Nude that is represented by a more skilled and increasing highly Bridget Nielsen Nude diverse labour force, that are growing in non standard Bridget Nielsen Nude forms of employment
Interests can be best described as monetary constraints and economic pressures placed on organizations in Bridget Nielsen Nude their pursuit of profits. Bridget Nielsen Nude It Bridget Nielsen Nude covers facets such as labour productivity, wages and the effect of financial markets on businesses.
Wood et al (2004, p 355) describe control Bridget Nielsen Nude can as being either output focused, focusing on desired Bridget Nielsen Nude targets with within managers defining, and using, their own methods for reaching targets, or process controls, which specify the manner Bridget Nielsen Nude in which tasks will be achieved (Ibid, p. 357). Employer and managerial control within an organization rests at many levels and has important implications for staff Bridget Nielsen Nude and productivity alike, with control forming the fundamental link between desired outcomes and actual Nude Hardbody Women processes. Thus employers must balance interests such as decreasing Bridget Nielsen Nude wage constraints with a maximization Bridget Nielsen Nude of labour productivity Bridget Nielsen Nude in order Bridget Nielsen Nude to achieve a prolific employment relationship.
Motivation is the third and most difficult of the factors in Bridget Nielsen Nude the employment relationship for employers to effectively manage. Employee motivation can often be in direct conflict with control mechanisms of employers, and can be broadly defined as that which energizes, directs and sustains human behaviour ( Stone, 2005, p 412). Dubin (1958, p 213) Bridget Nielsen Nude further elaborates on this, noting motivation as �something that moves a person to action, and continues him in the course of action already initiated.�
The employment relationship is thus a difficult challenge for employers to manage, as all three Bridget Nielsen Nude facets are often in direct competition Bridget Nielsen Nude with each other, with interests, control and motivation often clashing in the equally important quest for individual employee autonomy ,employer command and ultimate profits. |
