The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE Osiris Shoes and were found in Volleyball Shoes Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical Volleyball Shoes anthropologist Volleyball Shoes Erik Trinkaus Volleyball Shoes believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes Volleyball Shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the Volleyball Shoes bones of the Volleyball Shoes toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom of a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The insole is the interior bottom Volleyball Shoes of Volleyball Shoes a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons (to control Volleyball Shoes the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe).
Outsole
The outsole is the layer in direct Volleyball Shoes contact with Volleyball Shoes the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented Volleyball Shoes shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for Volleyball Shoes durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on Volleyball Shoes this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in Volleyball Shoes the Volleyball Shoes outsole to grip the ground; Volleyball Shoes many kinds of dancing shoes have Volleyball Shoes much softer or harder Volleyball Shoes soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the Volleyball Shoes outsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, Volleyball Shoes have another material for shock Volleyball Shoes absorption, usually beneath the heel where Volleyball Shoes one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for Volleyball Shoes the midsoles Volleyball Shoes of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often Volleyball Shoes made of the same material Volleyball Shoes as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look Volleyball Shoes taller, Volleyball Shoes or flat for a more practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any shoe has an Volleyball Shoes upper part that helps hold Volleyball Shoes the shoe onto the foot. Volleyball Shoes In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more Volleyball Shoes than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's Volleyball Shoes shoes, will have a Volleyball Shoes more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to Volleyball Shoes look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method Volleyball Shoes for producing a Volleyball Shoes shoe-upper Volleyball Shoes (Hain 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot into a shoe Volleyball Shoes by keeping the shoe Volleyball Shoes open and Volleyball Shoes providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe Volleyball Shoes when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe Volleyball Shoes polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection.
Shoe Volleyball Shoes brush Volleyball Shoes and polishing Volleyball Shoes cloth: used Volleyball Shoes to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert Volleyball Shoes of various materials for Volleyball Shoes cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may Volleyball Shoes also be used to correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: a bag that Volleyball Shoes protects shoes against damage when they are not being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making Volleyball Shoes a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases the area Volleyball Shoes of ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system Volleyball Shoes used Volleyball Shoes to secure Volleyball Shoes shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and Volleyball Shoes casual shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs of dress Volleyball Shoes shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. Volleyball Shoes This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, Volleyball Shoes but may also be made with openings or even itself Volleyball Shoes consist of a series Volleyball Shoes of straps, Volleyball Shoes e.g. an open toe featured in women's Winter Shoes shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also Volleyball Shoes available; a Volleyball Shoes shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but Volleyball Shoes certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is Volleyball Shoes secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on.
Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized by Volleyball Shoes how they are closed:
Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are Volleyball Shoes attached; Volleyball Shoes also known as "closed lacing". In England, Volleyball Shoes the balmoral Volleyball Shoes is known as the Oxford. Volleyball Shoes The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing Volleyball Shoes companies to market shoes Volleyball Shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of Volleyball Shoes leather independently Volleyball Shoes attached Volleyball Shoes to the Volleyball Shoes vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is known as Volleyball Shoes the Volleyball Shoes Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: Volleyball Shoes a buckle and strap Volleyball Shoes instead of lacing
Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.
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Men's shoes can Volleyball Shoes also be Volleyball Shoes decorated in various ways:
Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: has an extra layer of Volleyball Shoes leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe Volleyball Shoes of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends Volleyball Shoes down either side of the shoe. Brogues can Volleyball Shoes be found Volleyball Shoes in both balmoral and blucher Volleyball Shoes styles. Please help improve this Volleyball Shoes section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
The tone or style of this article or section may not Volleyball Shoes be appropriate for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be Volleyball Shoes found on the Volleyball Shoes talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing Volleyball Shoes better articles for Volleyball Shoes suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to Volleyball Shoes most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known in the US and UK as Volleyball Shoes ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very Volleyball Shoes low Volleyball Shoes heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much Volleyball Shoes of the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be Volleyball Shoes seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel.
High heels may be shoes Volleyball Shoes with Volleyball Shoes heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot Volleyball Shoes and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's Volleyball Shoes sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made Volleyball Shoes of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather Volleyball Shoes wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with Volleyball Shoes a contrasting saddle-shaped Volleyball Shoes band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) Volleyball Shoes with Volleyball Shoes no frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have less Volleyball Shoes difference between the sexes than in dress Volleyball Shoes shoes. In many cases these shoes can Volleyball Shoes be worn by either Volleyball Shoes sex. Emphasis tends Volleyball Shoes to be more on function than Volleyball Shoes style.
Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, Volleyball Shoes and have good Crock Shoes traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis.
Running shoes: very similar to above, Volleyball Shoes with additional emphasis on Volleyball Shoes cushioning.
Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats
A Volleyball Shoes shoe for the right foot.
Cleat (shoe): Volleyball Shoes a Volleyball Shoes type Volleyball Shoes of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Volleyball Shoes Usually worn while playing Volleyball Shoes sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball.
A shoe for the right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in Volleyball Shoes grass and wet Volleyball Shoes ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike Volleyball Shoes are much more common today (and are required on many golf courses since they cause Volleyball Shoes less damage to the greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have Volleyball Shoes harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for Volleyball Shoes rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, Volleyball Shoes to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: have a more Volleyball Shoes flexible sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller Volleyball Shoes skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially Volleyball Shoes designed for Volleyball Shoes attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect Volleyball Shoes the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as Volleyball Shoes a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support Volleyball Shoes the foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional Volleyball Shoes traction and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are Volleyball Shoes made with Volleyball Shoes pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable Volleyball Shoes footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue Volleyball Shoes and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic Volleyball Shoes straps and ribbons that are tied to Volleyball Shoes the dancer's ankles.
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Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or Volleyball Shoes leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel of the foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that the foot can be pointed to Volleyball Shoes its utmost. Ballet slippers Volleyball Shoes are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of Volleyball Shoes the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in Volleyball Shoes specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to Volleyball Shoes provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall Volleyball Shoes into two categories for the two genres of dances as defined by the Volleyball Shoes IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin Volleyball Shoes American. Volleyball Shoes Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups Volleyball Shoes with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so Volleyball Shoes that they can Volleyball Shoes be finished with Volleyball Shoes a greater variety of colours to match the dancer's dress. The Volleyball Shoes low Ballroom heel distributes Volleyball Shoes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes Volleyball Shoes have higher heels Volleyball Shoes designed to throw Volleyball Shoes the Volleyball Shoes dancer's weight Volleyball Shoes on to the toes and Volleyball Shoes the soles Volleyball Shoes are more Volleyball Shoes flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to Volleyball Shoes 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of Volleyball Shoes a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may Volleyball Shoes come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the Volleyball Shoes manufacturer, these Volleyball Shoes are Volleyball Shoes slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a Volleyball Shoes dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having Volleyball Shoes bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers. Volleyball Shoes
A foot thong, viewed from the underside.
Work Volleyball Shoes shoes
Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, Volleyball Shoes and provide high Volleyball Shoes traction. They are generally Volleyball Shoes made Volleyball Shoes from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather Volleyball Shoes outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly Volleyball Shoes used for Volleyball Shoes protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other Mauri Gator Shoes workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles Girls Shoes or Volleyball Shoes ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been Volleyball Shoes worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the Volleyball Shoes past include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early Volleyball Shoes as the 14th century.
Patten: a European Volleyball Shoes wooden overshoe used to Volleyball Shoes keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continued in use Volleyball Shoes even into the early 20th Volleyball Shoes century.
Poulaine: a shoe with a Volleyball Shoes long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically Volleyball Shoes wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can Volleyball Shoes be treated as Volleyball Shoes trash or municipal solid waste Volleyball Shoes and disposed of. Volleyball Shoes The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Volleyball Shoes Middle East and Nordstrom Shoes Africa, much of Tuk Shoes Northern Europe Volleyball Shoes and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the United States, especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors Volleyball Shoes remove their Volleyball Shoes shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. Volleyball Shoes For some societies, including Sketcher Shoes those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided Volleyball Shoes for guests.
In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to Volleyball Shoes show the soles of the Volleyball Shoes feet to others Volleyball Shoes (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Yellow Shoes Thailand, it is an extreme insult for the foot, Volleyball Shoes socks, or shoes to touch someone's head or be placed over it. Although feet touching heads is Volleyball Shoes an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other Volleyball Shoes by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin). |
