The earliest known shoes date from Journey Shoes about 8000 to 7000 Journey Shoes BCE and were found in Oregon, USA Journey Shoes in 1938[1]. However, Journey Shoes the materials used for making shoes do not normally last Journey Shoes for thousands of years, Journey Shoes so shoes were Journey Shoes probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began Journey Shoes in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones Journey Shoes of Journey Shoes the toes (other than the Journey Shoes big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a Journey Shoes shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The Journey Shoes bottom of a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The insole is the interior bottom of Journey Shoes a shoe, which sits directly beneath the Journey Shoes foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe).
Outsole
The outsole Journey Shoes is the layer in Journey Shoes direct contact with Journey Shoes the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented Journey Shoes shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single Journey Shoes piece, or Journey Shoes may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole Journey Shoes to grip the ground; many kinds of Journey Shoes dancing shoes have much softer Journey Shoes or harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the outsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of Journey Shoes shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the Journey Shoes heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of Journey Shoes their shoes. Some shoes may not have a Journey Shoes midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often Journey Shoes made of the same material as the Journey Shoes sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make Journey Shoes the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole Journey Shoes in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is Journey Shoes often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from Journey Shoes 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot into Journey Shoes a shoe Journey Shoes by keeping the Journey Shoes shoe open Journey Shoes and providing Journey Shoes a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the Journey Shoes shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's Journey Shoes shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide Journey Shoes protection.
Shoe brush and Journey Shoes polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These Bike Shoes include padding and inner linings. Inserts may Journey Shoes also be used to correct foot problems.
Shoe Softspots Shoes bag: a bag that protects shoes against Journey Shoes damage when they are not being worn.
Shoe Best Rated Walking Shoes stretcher: a tool How To Make Shoes for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe.
Snow shoe: a Journey Shoes wooden or leather Journey Shoes piece which increases the area of ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system used to Journey Shoes secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes Journey Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a Journey Shoes conservation exhibit at Bristol Journey Shoes Zoo, England.
Dress and casual shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple Journey Shoes leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized Journey Shoes by sturdy leather Journey Shoes uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide Lets Get Some Shoes profile.
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Some Journey Shoes designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress Journey Shoes shoes have an upper covering, Journey Shoes commonly made of leather, Journey Shoes enclosing most of the lower foot, but Circa Shoes not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, but may Journey Shoes also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series Journey Shoes of Journey Shoes straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are Journey Shoes also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, Journey Shoes a high-topped shoe is secured by Journey Shoes laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts Journey Shoes to ease slipping the shoe on.
Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed:
Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word Journey Shoes "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such Journey Shoes as Journey Shoes rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied to Journey Shoes two pieces Journey Shoes of leather independently attached Journey Shoes to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is known as the Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead Journey Shoes of lacing
Various other Journey Shoes closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes Journey Shoes can also be decorated in various ways:
Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance Journey Shoes and no Alligator Shoes extra decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that Journey Shoes "caps" the toe. This is Journey Shoes possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is Journey Shoes covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both Journey Shoes balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found Journey Shoes on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
The tone or style of this article or section may Journey Shoes not be Journey Shoes appropriate for Journey Shoes Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better Journey Shoes articles for suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's Journey Shoes styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very Journey Shoes low Journey Shoes heel and a Journey Shoes relatively short vamp, exposing much of the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as Journey Shoes more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel.
High heels may be Journey Shoes shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic Journey Shoes shoe, Journey Shoes but is Journey Shoes equipped with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated Journey Shoes by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of Journey Shoes leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather Journey Shoes wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, Journey Shoes typically white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or casual shoe Journey Shoes without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, Journey Shoes but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often Journey Shoes made of canvas Journey Shoes or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels Journey Shoes to avoid marring Journey Shoes or scratching a Bridesmaid Shoes boat deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering Shoes Stores the ankle) frequently made Journey Shoes of leather. Some are designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate Journey Shoes style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots Journey Shoes and Journey Shoes snow boots, Journey Shoes as well as work Journey Shoes boots and hiking boots.
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Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas.
Athletic Journey Shoes shoes
Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often Journey Shoes have Journey Shoes less difference Journey Shoes between Journey Shoes the sexes Journey Shoes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends Journey Shoes to Journey Shoes be more on function Journey Shoes than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also Journey Shoes called gym shoes or Journey Shoes tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to Journey Shoes be lightweight, flexible, and have Journey Shoes good traction. Special varieties Journey Shoes are available for basketball or tennis.
Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional Journey Shoes emphasis on cushioning.
Track shoes: lightweight; often with Journey Shoes plastic or Journey Shoes metal cleats
A shoe for the right foot.
Cleat Journey Shoes (shoe): Journey Shoes a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball.
A shoe for the right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass Journey Shoes and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made Journey Shoes of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" Journey Shoes made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more Journey Shoes common today (and are required on many golf courses since they cause less damage to the greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and Journey Shoes athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling Journey Shoes alleys.
Climbing shoes: Journey Shoes a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper Journey Shoes with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large Journey Shoes traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than Journey Shoes the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various Journey Shoes attachments for skating on Journey Shoes the bottom of the shoe Journey Shoes portion.
Ice skates
Roller skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a large, Journey Shoes thick plastic boot specially designed for Journey Shoes attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a Journey Shoes skateboard. They are very wide and have extra Journey Shoes layers of padding to Journey Shoes protect the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes are equipped Journey Shoes with Journey Shoes a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole Journey Shoes to maximize power transfer and support the foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter.
Wrestling shoes Journey Shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic Discontinued Rockport Shoes shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are Journey Shoes made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand on the tips Journey Shoes of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps Journey Shoes and ribbons that are Journey Shoes tied to the dancer's Journey Shoes ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically Journey Shoes made Journey Shoes of leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel of the foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that the foot can be pointed Journey Shoes to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross Journey Shoes over the Journey Shoes top Journey Shoes of the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) Journey Shoes to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom Journey Shoes shoes. They fall into two Journey Shoes categories for the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom Journey Shoes and Latin American. Both are characterised Journey Shoes by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch Journey Shoes heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be finished with a greater variety of colours to match the Journey Shoes dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Journey Shoes Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the Journey Shoes soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch Journey Shoes shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have Journey Shoes 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
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Dance sneakers. Also known Journey Shoes as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance Journey Shoes shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and Journey Shoes often have Journey Shoes one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come Journey Shoes in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, Journey Shoes these are slip-on, Journey Shoes partial foot covers that Journey Shoes protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From Journey Shoes a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet.
Modern Journey Shoes pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. This style is frequently Journey Shoes worn by acro dancers.
A foot thong, viewed from the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes Journey Shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the Journey Shoes wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather Journey Shoes uppers and Journey Shoes non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms Journey Shoes or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for Journey Shoes protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other Journey Shoes workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn for Journey Shoes tens of thousands of years. Journey Shoes Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First Journey Shoes worn in the middle Journey Shoes ages, they continued in use even into the early 20th century.
Poulaine: Journey Shoes a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of Journey Shoes hard but deformable material. After a person wears Journey Shoes them multiple times, the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said to have Journey Shoes broken in the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some Journey Shoes extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed Journey Shoes of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into Journey Shoes other raw Journey Shoes materials. See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes Journey Shoes in a shop Journey Shoes is called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes Journey Shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the Journey Shoes United States, especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors Journey Shoes remove their Journey Shoes shoes unless Journey Shoes a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the Journey Shoes house. For some societies, including those Journey Shoes in Asia, indoor Journey Shoes footwear may be provided for guests.
In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In addition, Journey Shoes in Thailand, it is an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's head Journey Shoes or be placed over it. Although Journey Shoes feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in Journey Shoes any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult Journey Shoes each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their Journey Shoes foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin). |
