The earliest known Osiris Shoes shoes date from about 8000 to Girls Shoes 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the Girls Shoes materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably Girls Shoes in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes Girls Shoes he has found evidence that the use of Girls Shoes shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and Girls Shoes 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness Girls Shoes of the bones of the toes Girls Shoes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this Girls Shoes period.[1]
Parts of a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to Girls Shoes an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom Girls Shoes of a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The insole is the interior Girls Shoes bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe).
Outsole
The outsole is the Girls Shoes layer in direct contact with the Girls Shoes ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a Girls Shoes synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single Girls Shoes piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized Girls Shoes shoes will often Girls Shoes have modifications Girls Shoes on this design: Girls Shoes athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the outsole and the insole that is typically there Girls Shoes for shock absorption. Girls Shoes Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different Girls Shoes companies use different Girls Shoes materials for the Girls Shoes midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe Girls Shoes is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can Girls Shoes be high for fashion or to make Girls Shoes the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any Girls Shoes shoe has Girls Shoes an upper Girls Shoes part that helps hold the shoe onto the Girls Shoes foot. In Girls Shoes the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the Girls Shoes sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more Girls Shoes complex Girls Shoes upper. This part is often decorated or Girls Shoes is made in Girls Shoes a Girls Shoes certain style Girls Shoes to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , Girls Shoes from 1967, describes a method for Girls Shoes producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing Girls Shoes it, to help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe Girls Shoes polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and Girls Shoes provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to Girls Shoes apply polish to Girls Shoes shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding Girls Shoes and inner linings. Inserts may also Girls Shoes be used to correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: a bag that protects shoes against damage when they are not being worn.
Shoe stretcher: Girls Shoes a tool for Girls Shoes making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing Girls Shoes discomfort in areas Girls Shoes of a shoe.
Snow shoe: a Girls Shoes wooden Girls Shoes or leather piece which increases the area of ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system Girls Shoes used to Girls Shoes secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and casual shoes
Dress shoes are categorized Girls Shoes by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather Girls Shoes soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of Girls Shoes leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper Girls Shoes part of the shoe is Girls Shoes often Girls Shoes made without apertures or openings, but may also be Girls Shoes made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers Girls Shoes made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain Girls Shoes styles may be referred to as Winter Shoes high-topped shoes or Girls Shoes high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe Girls Shoes is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on.
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Men's shoes
Men's shoes can Girls Shoes be categorized by how they are Girls Shoes closed:
Balmorals: the vamp Girls Shoes has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the Girls Shoes laces are tied to two Girls Shoes pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, Girls Shoes the Blucher is Girls Shoes known as the Derby Girls Shoes shoe.
Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead of lacing
Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes can also be decorated in Girls Shoes various ways:
Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: has an extra Girls Shoes layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the Girls Shoes most popular Girls Shoes decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is Girls Shoes covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this Girls Shoes section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or Girls Shoes at requests for expansion.
The tone or style of Girls Shoes this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found Girls Shoes on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's Girls Shoes shoes
There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most Girls Shoes of the Girls Shoes men's Girls Shoes styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps Girls Shoes or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of Girls Shoes the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel.
High heels may be Girls Shoes shoes Crock Shoes with heels 2 Girls Shoes inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see article Girls Shoes for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like an Girls Shoes athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of Girls Shoes novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting Girls Shoes of a sole and various Girls Shoes straps, Girls Shoes leaving much of the foot exposed to air. Girls Shoes They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot Girls Shoes be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a Girls Shoes contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often Girls Shoes with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also Girls Shoes known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made Girls Shoes of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching Girls Shoes a boat Girls Shoes deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently Girls Shoes made of leather. Some are designed to be used in Girls Shoes times of bad weather, or simply as Girls Shoes an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include Girls Shoes rubber boots and snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: Girls Shoes For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's Girls Shoes and women's athletic shoes and special function Mauri Gator Shoes shoes often have less difference between the sexes Girls Shoes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes Girls Shoes can Girls Shoes be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to Girls Shoes be more on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general Girls Shoes purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic Girls Shoes to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or Girls Shoes tennis.
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Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning.
Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats
A shoe for the right foot.
Cleat (shoe): a Girls Shoes type of shoe featuring molded or Girls Shoes removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball.
A shoe Girls Shoes for the right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made Girls Shoes of synthetic plastic-like materials Girls Shoes with prongs distributed radially around the edge Girls Shoes of each spike are much more common today (and are required on many golf Girls Shoes courses since they cause Girls Shoes less damage to the Girls Shoes greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between Girls Shoes ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically Girls Shoes have a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually Girls Shoes have a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra Girls Shoes large traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may Girls Shoes have air holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have Girls Shoes various attachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot Girls Shoes specially designed for attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding shoes Girls Shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes Girls Shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as Girls Shoes well Girls Shoes as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot.
Snowshoes are Girls Shoes special shoes for walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used Girls Shoes for mostly recreational purposes in winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet Girls Shoes while providing additional Girls Shoes traction and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, Girls Shoes wide toe boxes and arch support are made Girls Shoes especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for Girls Shoes ballet dancing. These have a toe Girls Shoes box that is stiffened with Girls Shoes glue and a hardened sole so Girls Shoes the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and Girls Shoes ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous Girls Shoes or two-part Girls Shoes sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel of the foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the Girls Shoes arch so that the foot can be pointed to Girls Shoes its utmost. Girls Shoes Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. Girls Shoes They are most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz shoes. These typically have Girls Shoes a Girls Shoes two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to Girls Shoes provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall into Girls Shoes two categories for the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom Girls Shoes and Latin American. Both are characterised by suede Girls Shoes soles. Girls Shoes Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels Girls Shoes and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Girls Shoes Ballroom shoes are Girls Shoes typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be finished with a greater Girls Shoes variety of colours Girls Shoes to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the Girls Shoes foot while Latin American shoes Girls Shoes have higher heels designed Girls Shoes to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically Girls Shoes have 1.5-inch to Girls Shoes 2-inch shaped Girls Shoes heels while Ladies' Girls Shoes Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
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Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three Girls Shoes inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps.
Foot Girls Shoes thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin Girls Shoes abrasions while executing Girls Shoes turns. From a Girls Shoes distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz Girls Shoes shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers.
A Girls Shoes foot thong, viewed from the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes are designed to Girls Shoes stand Girls Shoes heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they Girls Shoes are used for uniforms Girls Shoes or comfort by nurses, Girls Shoes waitresses, police, military Girls Shoes personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and Girls Shoes other workplaces. Protective features may Girls Shoes include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continued in Girls Shoes use even into the early 20th century.
Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Girls Shoes Some shoes are made of hard but deformable Girls Shoes material. After Girls Shoes a person wears them multiple times, the Girls Shoes material reforms to fit the Girls Shoes wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in Girls Shoes the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water resistance Girls Shoes (to some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can Girls Shoes have Girls Shoes their Girls Shoes soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which Girls Shoes can be recycled Girls Shoes and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East Girls Shoes and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering a Girls Shoes house. In some areas of the Girls Shoes United States, especially the Midwest, it Girls Shoes is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People do this to Girls Shoes avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For Girls Shoes some societies, including those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests.
In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to Girls Shoes show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). Girls Shoes In Girls Shoes addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insult for Girls Shoes the foot, Girls Shoes socks, or shoes to touch someone's head or be placed over it. Although feet touching Girls Shoes heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each Girls Shoes other Girls Shoes by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin). |
