The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were Goth Shoes found in Goth Shoes Oregon, USA in Goth Shoes 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before Goth Shoes this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period Goth Shoes between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big In Her Shoes toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that Goth Shoes going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom of a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and Goth Shoes replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or Goth Shoes health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the Goth Shoes shoe).
Outsole
The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress Goth Shoes shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise Goth Shoes separate pieces Goth Shoes of Goth Shoes different Goth Shoes materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is Goth Shoes leather for style. Specialized shoes Goth Shoes will often have modifications on this Elevator Shoes design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many Goth Shoes kinds of Goth Shoes dancing shoes have much softer or Goth Shoes harder soles.
Midsole
The layer Goth Shoes in Goth Shoes between the outsole and Goth Shoes the insole that is typically there for shock Goth Shoes absorption. Some types of shoes, like Goth Shoes running shoes, have Goth Shoes another Goth Shoes material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one Goth Shoes puts the most New Balance Tennis Shoes pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their Goth Shoes shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion Goth Shoes boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is Goth Shoes to Goth Shoes support the heel of the foot. They Goth Shoes are often made of the same material Goth Shoes as the sole of Goth Shoes the Goth Shoes shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use.
Vamp, or Goth Shoes upper
Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the Goth Shoes foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the Goth Shoes sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: Goth Shoes can be used to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide Goth Shoes upon.
Shoe Saucony Shoes tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide Goth Shoes protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over Goth Shoes shoes for Goth Shoes rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: a bag that Goth Shoes protects shoes against damage when they are not being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases Goth Shoes the Goth Shoes area of ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and casual shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, Goth Shoes leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather Goth Shoes outsoles, Goth Shoes and wide profile.
Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress Goth Shoes shoes have an upper covering, Goth Shoes commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower Goth Shoes foot, but not covering the ankles. This Goth Shoes upper part of the shoe is Goth Shoes often made without Goth Shoes apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open Goth Shoes toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper Goth Shoes rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic Goth Shoes inserts to ease slipping the shoe on.
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Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed:
Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which Goth Shoes the laces Goth Shoes are attached; also known Goth Shoes as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. Size Womens Shoes The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to Goth Shoes market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied Goth Shoes to two pieces of leather independently attached to Goth Shoes the vamp; also known as Goth Shoes "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is known as the Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: a buckle and strap Goth Shoes instead of lacing
Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes can also be decorated Goth Shoes in Goth Shoes various ways:
Plain-toes: have a Goth Shoes sleek appearance and no extra Goth Shoes decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: has an Goth Shoes extra layer of leather that "caps" Goth Shoes the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, Goth Shoes which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found Goth Shoes in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at Goth Shoes requests for expansion.
The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found on the Goth Shoes talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to Goth Shoes writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to Goth Shoes most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of Goth Shoes the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable Goth Shoes than shoes with a Goth Shoes higher Goth Shoes heel.
High Goth Shoes heels may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) Goth Shoes or higher. Goth Shoes They are often seen Goth Shoes as having more sex appeal than low heels Goth Shoes (see article for discussion) Goth Shoes and are thus Goth Shoes commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot and Goth Shoes sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic Goth Shoes Womens Sports Shoes shoe, but Goth Shoes is Goth Shoes equipped Goth Shoes with a heel, Goth Shoes making Goth Shoes it a kind of novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: Goth Shoes shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Native Goth Shoes Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving Goth Shoes much of the foot exposed Goth Shoes to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because Goth Shoes they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: Goth Shoes a dress Goth Shoes or casual shoe without laces; often Goth Shoes with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders Goth Shoes (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, Goth Shoes if present, are usually Goth Shoes simple Goth Shoes leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Goth Shoes Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft Goth Shoes soles/heels to avoid marring Goth Shoes or Skateboarding Shoes scratching a boat Goth Shoes deck.
Boots: Goth Shoes Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some Goth Shoes are designed to be used in times of bad weather, Goth Shoes or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: For indoor use, Goth Shoes commonly worn Goth Shoes with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's and women's athletic shoes Goth Shoes and special function shoes often Goth Shoes have less difference between Goth Shoes the sexes than in dress shoes. Goth Shoes In many cases these shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than Goth Shoes style.
Sneakers/trainers Goth Shoes (also called gym shoes or tennis Goth Shoes shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; Goth Shoes made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball Goth Shoes or tennis.
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Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning.
Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal Goth Shoes cleats
A shoe for the Merril Shoes right foot.
Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Goth Shoes Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball.
A shoe for the right foot.
Golf Martial Arts Shoes shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes Goth Shoes or "cleats" were made Goth Shoes of metal but replaceable Goth Shoes "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more common today (and are required on many golf courses since they cause less Goth Shoes damage Goth Shoes to the greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling Goth Shoes alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically have a Goth Shoes close fit, little Goth Shoes if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper Goth Shoes with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: have Goth Shoes a more flexible sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air Goth Shoes holes, may not Goth Shoes be water proof.
Skating shoes: Goth Shoes typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a Goth Shoes large, thick plastic boot specially designed Goth Shoes for attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra Goth Shoes layers Goth Shoes of padding to protect the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes are equipped with Goth Shoes a metal or plastic cleat Goth Shoes to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick Goth Shoes snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational Goth Shoes purposes in winter.
Wrestling shoes Goth Shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing Goth Shoes additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct Goth Shoes comfort qualities, such Goth Shoes as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so Goth Shoes the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are Goth Shoes secured by Goth Shoes elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas Goth Shoes or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is Goth Shoes typically made of leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel of the Goth Shoes foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that the Softspot Shoes foot can be pointed Goth Shoes to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually Goth Shoes secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are Goth Shoes most Goth Shoes commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. Goth Shoes They are secured to the foot by laces or Goth Shoes elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for Goth Shoes the two genres of Goth Shoes dances as Goth Shoes defined by the IDSF Goth Shoes (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin Goth Shoes American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent Goth Shoes leather uppers. Ladies' Goth Shoes Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be finished with a Goth Shoes greater variety of colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin Goth Shoes American shoes have higher heels designed to throw Goth Shoes the dancer's weight on to the toes and the Goth Shoes soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to Goth Shoes 2-inch shaped heels while Goth Shoes Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and Goth Shoes strapped.
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Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these Goth Shoes are a Goth Shoes combination of Goth Shoes a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with a Goth Shoes one to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one or more straps across the Goth Shoes instep to secure the Goth Shoes foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or Goth Shoes hard-soled varieties. They may Goth Shoes be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the Goth Shoes manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin Goth Shoes abrasions while executing turns. Goth Shoes From a distance, Goth Shoes flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers.
A foot thong, viewed from the underside.
Work Z-coil Shoes shoes
Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First Finn Comfort Shoes worn in the middle ages, they continued in use even into the early 20th century.
Poulaine: a shoe Goth Shoes with a long-pointed toe, Goth Shoes popular in Goth Shoes Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of Goth Shoes many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some Goth Shoes shoes Goth Shoes are made Goth Shoes of hard but deformable material. After Goth Shoes a person wears them multiple times, the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water Goth Shoes resistance (to some extent) and appearance, Goth Shoes especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind Goth Shoes as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering Goth Shoes a house. In some areas of the United Goth Shoes States, especially the Midwest, it is Goth Shoes expected that visitors remove Goth Shoes their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People Goth Shoes do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into Goth Shoes the house. For some societies, including Goth Shoes those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests.
In the Goth Shoes Middle East, Goth Shoes parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet Goth Shoes to others (even accidentally, such as by Goth Shoes crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is Goth Shoes an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes Goth Shoes to touch someone's head or be placed over it. Goth Shoes Although feet Goth Shoes touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with Goth Shoes the shin). |
