The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE Punkrose Shoes and were found in Oregon, USA Punkrose Shoes in 1938[1]. However, Punkrose Shoes the materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of Punkrose Shoes years, so shoes were probably in use long before Punkrose Shoes this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the Punkrose Shoes bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, Punkrose Shoes on the Punkrose Shoes premise Punkrose Shoes that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an Punkrose Shoes athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom of a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The insole is the interior bottom of a Punkrose Shoes shoe, which sits directly Punkrose Shoes beneath the Punkrose Shoes foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often Punkrose Shoes added for comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or Punkrose Shoes smell of the shoe).
Outsole
The outsole is the layer in Punkrose Shoes direct contact with the Punkrose Shoes ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles Punkrose Shoes made of natural Punkrose Shoes rubber or a Punkrose Shoes synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel Punkrose Shoes of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have Punkrose Shoes modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the outsole and the insole that Punkrose Shoes is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of Punkrose Shoes shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath Punkrose Shoes the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for Punkrose Shoes the midsoles Punkrose Shoes of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at Punkrose Shoes all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a Punkrose Shoes shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the Punkrose Shoes same Punkrose Shoes material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or Punkrose Shoes to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical Punkrose Shoes Womens Dress Shoes use.
Vamp, Punkrose Shoes or Punkrose Shoes upper
Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, Punkrose Shoes this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will Punkrose Shoes have a Punkrose Shoes more complex upper. Punkrose Shoes This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes Punkrose Shoes a method for producing a shoe-upper Punkrose Shoes (Hain 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: can be Punkrose Shoes used to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping Punkrose Shoes the Punkrose Shoes shoe open and providing a smooth surface for the foot Punkrose Shoes to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed Punkrose Shoes inside the shoe when user is Punkrose Shoes not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow Punkrose Shoes protection.
(Orthopedic) Punkrose Shoes shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, Pikolinos Shoes or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Punkrose Shoes Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: Punkrose Shoes a bag that protects shoes against damage when they are Punkrose Shoes not Punkrose Shoes being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas Punkrose Shoes of a shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden Punkrose Shoes or leather piece which increases the Punkrose Shoes area of ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes Punkrose Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and casual shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by smooth Punkrose Shoes and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are Stonefly Shoes characterized Punkrose Shoes by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs of dress shoes Punkrose Shoes can be Punkrose Shoes worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have Punkrose Shoes an Punkrose Shoes upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but Pay Less Shoes not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings Knapp Shoes or even itself consist of a Punkrose Shoes series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Punkrose Shoes Shoes with uppers Punkrose Shoes made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle Punkrose Shoes is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a Punkrose Shoes high-topped shoe is secured by laces or zippers, although Punkrose Shoes some styles have elastic inserts to ease Punkrose Shoes slipping the shoe on.
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Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed:
Balmorals: Punkrose Shoes the vamp has a V-shaped slit Punkrose Shoes Ballroom Dancing Shoes to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by Punkrose Shoes American clothing companies Punkrose Shoes to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of Punkrose Shoes leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open Punkrose Shoes lacing". Punkrose Shoes In England, the Blucher Punkrose Shoes is known as the Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead of lacing
Various other closings exist but are Punkrose Shoes less popular such as side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes can Punkrose Shoes also be decorated in various ways:
Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations Punkrose Shoes on the vamp.
Cap-toes: has an extra Punkrose Shoes layer of leather Punkrose Shoes that "caps" Punkrose Shoes the toe. This is Punkrose Shoes possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, Punkrose Shoes the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found Punkrose Shoes in both balmoral Punkrose Shoes and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further Punkrose Shoes information might Punkrose Shoes be found on the talk page or at Punkrose Shoes requests for expansion.
The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found on Punkrose Shoes the Punkrose Shoes talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to Punkrose Shoes most of the men's styles being Punkrose Shoes more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories Punkrose Shoes are:
Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the instep. They are popular Punkrose Shoes for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes with Punkrose Shoes a higher Punkrose Shoes heel.
High heels may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) Punkrose Shoes or higher. They are often seen as Punkrose Shoes having Punkrose Shoes more sex appeal than low Punkrose Shoes heels Punkrose Shoes (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly Punkrose Shoes worn by women for Punkrose Shoes formal occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's Punkrose Shoes sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe Punkrose Shoes without a heel and usually made of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to Punkrose Shoes air. They are thus popular Punkrose Shoes for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or casual shoe Punkrose Shoes without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or Punkrose Shoes coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and Punkrose Shoes deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Punkrose Shoes Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching Punkrose Shoes a boat deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are Punkrose Shoes designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress Punkrose Shoes wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's and women's athletic shoes Punkrose Shoes and special function Punkrose Shoes shoes Punkrose Shoes often have less difference between the sexes than in Punkrose Shoes dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also called gym Punkrose Shoes shoes Punkrose Shoes or tennis shoes): Punkrose Shoes general purpose athletic shoes; made out of Punkrose Shoes rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special Punkrose Shoes varieties are available for basketball or tennis.
Running Punkrose Shoes shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning.
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Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats
A shoe for the right foot.
Cleat (shoe): a Punkrose Shoes type of shoe featuring molded or Punkrose Shoes removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, Punkrose Shoes or baseball.
A shoe for the right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and Punkrose Shoes wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of Punkrose Shoes synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more common today (and are required Punkrose Shoes on Punkrose Shoes many golf courses since they cause less Wholesale Nike Shoes damage to the greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley Punkrose Shoes floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed Punkrose Shoes for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than the Punkrose Shoes running Punkrose Shoes shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may Punkrose Shoes have air holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments Punkrose Shoes for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice Punkrose Shoes skates
Roller skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: Punkrose Shoes a large, thick Punkrose Shoes plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding Punkrose Shoes shoes Punkrose Shoes have flat Punkrose Shoes soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect Punkrose Shoes the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. Punkrose Shoes In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in Punkrose Shoes winter.
Wrestling shoes are Punkrose Shoes light, flexible shoes that Punkrose Shoes mimic bare Punkrose Shoes feet while providing additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable Punkrose Shoes footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support Punkrose Shoes are made especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed Punkrose Shoes for ballet dancing. These have a toe box Punkrose Shoes that Punkrose Shoes is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so Punkrose Shoes the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons that Punkrose Shoes are tied to Punkrose Shoes the dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous Punkrose Shoes or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of leather, with thicker material under Punkrose Shoes the ball and heel of the foot, Punkrose Shoes and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that Punkrose Shoes the Punkrose Shoes foot Punkrose Shoes can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are Punkrose Shoes usually secured by elastics that cross Punkrose Shoes over the top of the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot Punkrose Shoes by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two Punkrose Shoes genres of dances Punkrose Shoes as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes Punkrose Shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom Punkrose Shoes shoes are typically court shoes Punkrose Shoes with low 2-inch heels, Punkrose Shoes usually made of fabric so that they can be Punkrose Shoes finished with a greater variety of colours to match the Punkrose Shoes dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes Punkrose Shoes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Punkrose Shoes Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch Punkrose Shoes to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
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Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker Punkrose Shoes and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have Punkrose Shoes one or more straps across the instep to secure Punkrose Shoes the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball Hockey Shoes of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. This style is Punkrose Shoes frequently worn by acro dancers.
A foot thong, viewed Punkrose Shoes from the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes are designed to Punkrose Shoes stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy Punkrose Shoes leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and Shoes Polo Sports Casual Running other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.
Historical Punkrose Shoes shoes
Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which Punkrose Shoes are still worn today, Punkrose Shoes are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle Punkrose Shoes ages, they continued in use even into the early 20th century.
Poulaine: Punkrose Shoes a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes Punkrose Shoes are made of hard Punkrose Shoes but deformable material. Punkrose Shoes After a person wears them multiple times, Punkrose Shoes the material reforms to fit Punkrose Shoes the wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to Punkrose Shoes some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can Punkrose Shoes have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and Punkrose Shoes disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can Punkrose Shoes be Punkrose Shoes recycled and turned into other Punkrose Shoes raw materials. See Nike Punkrose Shoes Grind as an example.
Someone who Vaneli Shoes makes or repairs shoes Punkrose Shoes in a shop is Punkrose Shoes called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In Punkrose Shoes most Punkrose Shoes parts of the Punkrose Shoes world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts Punkrose Shoes of the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it Punkrose Shoes is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the United States, especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including those in Asia, Cheap Jordan Shoes indoor footwear may be provided for guests.
In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea Punkrose Shoes and Punkrose Shoes Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by Punkrose Shoes crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's head or be placed over Punkrose Shoes it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare Punkrose Shoes occurrence in any society, some Muay Punkrose Shoes Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Punkrose Shoes Thai kicks are executed with the shin). |
