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The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do not Alligator Shoes normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the Alligator Shoes period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years Discontinued Born Shoes ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during Alligator Shoes this Alligator Shoes period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1] Parts of a shoe Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe Sole The bottom of a shoe Alligator Shoes is called the sole. Insole The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for Alligator Shoes comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, Alligator Shoes or smell of the shoe). Outsole The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of Alligator Shoes natural Alligator Shoesrubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel Alligator Shoes of the Alligator Shoes sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for Alligator Shoes style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on Alligator Shoes this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles. Midsole The layer in between the outsole Alligator Shoes and the insole that is typically there for Alligator Shoes shock absorption. Alligator Shoes Some types of shoes, Alligator Shoes like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for theAlligator Shoesmidsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all. Heel Women's fashion boots The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Alligator Shoes Its function is to support the heel Womens Designer Shoes of the foot. They are often Alligator Shoes made of the same material as the sole of Alligator Shoes the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use. Vamp, or upper Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe Alligator Shoes onto the foot. In Alligator Shoes the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as Alligator Shoes boots, sneakers and Alligator Shoes most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967). Accessories to shoes Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon. Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape. Shoe polishing equipment: Shoe polish: a waxy material Alligator Shoes spread on shoes to Alligator Shoes improve appearance, glossiness, Alligator Shoes and provide protection. Shoe brush and polishing Alligator Shoes cloth: used to apply polish to shoes. Overshoes or Alligator Shoes galoshes: a rubber covering Alligator Shoes placed over shoes for rain and snow protection. (Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These Alligator Shoes include padding and inner linings. Inserts may Alligator Shoes also be used to correct foot Alligator Shoes problems. Shoe Alligator Shoes bag: a bag that protects shoes against damage when they are not being worn. Shoe stretcher: a tool for Alligator Shoes making a shoe longer or Alligator Shoes wider or for reducing discomfort in Alligator Shoes areas of a shoe. Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases the area of ground covered by the shoe. Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes. Types of shoes Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Alligator Shoes Zoo, England. Dress and casual shoes Dress Alligator Shoes shoes are categorized by smooth Alligator Shoes and supple leather uppers, leather soles, Alligator Shoes and narrowAlligator Shoessleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather Alligator Shoes uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile. Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. Alligator Shoes The majority of dress shoes have an Alligator Shoes upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. Alligator Shoes This upper part of the shoeAlligator Shoesis often made without apertures Alligator Shoes or openings, but Alligator Shoes may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in Alligator Shoes women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles Alligator Shoes are also available; a shoe with Alligator Shoes the upper rising Alligator Shoes above the ankle is usually Alligator Shoes considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or Alligator Shoes high-tops. Usually, a Alligator Shoes high-topped shoe is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease Alligator Shoes slipping the shoe on. Men's shoes Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed: Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The Alligator Shoes word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are Alligator Shoes not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers. Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known asAlligator Shoes"open lacing". In England, the Blucher Alligator Shoes is known as the Derby shoe. Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead of lacing Various other closings exist Alligator Shoes but are less popular such as side-elastic Alligator Shoes closings. Men's shoes can also be decorated in various ways: Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance Alligator Shoes and no extra decorations Alligator Shoes on the Alligator Shoes vamp. Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration. Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with a Avia Shoes perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help Alligator Shoes improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be Alligator Shoes found on Alligator Shoes the talk page or at requests for Alligator Shoes expansion. The tone or style of this article Alligator Shoes or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007) Women's shoes There Alligator Shoes is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more Alligator Shoes accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are: Pumps, known in the US Alligator Shoes and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of Alligator Shoes the instep. They are popular Alligator Shoes for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes Alligator Shoes with a higher heel. High heels Alligator Shoes may be shoes with Alligator Shoes heels 2 inches (5 Alligator Shoes cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more Alligator Shoes sex appeal Alligator Shoes than low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly Alligator Shoes worn by women for formal occasions or social outings. Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it Alligator Shoes a kind of novelty dress shoe. Either gender Women's sandals Clog Platform Alligator Shoes shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather. Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole Alligator Shoes and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let theAlligator Shoesfoot be cooler than a Alligator Shoes closed-toed shoe would. Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle". Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers). Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck shoes: Alligator Shoes similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They Alligator Shoes have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck. Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Alligator Shoes Some are designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Alligator Shoes Styles include rubber boots and Alligator Shoes snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots. Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas. Athletic shoes Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have less difference between the Alligator Shoes sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn Alligator Shoes by either sex. Emphasis tends to be Alligator Shoes more Alligator Shoes onAlligator Shoesfunction than style. Sneakers/trainers Alligator Shoes (also called gym shoes or tennis Alligator Shoes shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, Alligator Shoes and/or plastic to be lightweight, Alligator Shoes flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball Alligator Shoes or tennis. Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on Alligator Shoes cushioning. Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats A shoe for the right foot. Cleat (shoe): Alligator Shoes a Alligator Shoes type ofAlligator Shoesshoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball. A shoe for the Alligator Shoes right foot. Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and Alligator Shoes wet Alligator Shoes ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike areAlligator Shoesmuch more common today (and are required on many golf courses since they cause less damage to the greens). Bowling shoes: Alligator Shoes intermediate Alligator Shoes style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic Alligator Shoes shoes. They have harder rubber Alligator Shoes soles/heels so as Alligator Shoes not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys. Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if any Alligator Shoes padding, and a smooth sticky rubber Alligator Shoes sole Alligator Shoes with an extended rubber rand. Hiking shoes Alligator Shoes or boots: Alligator Shoes usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with Alligator Shoes extra large Alligator Shoes traction on the sole. Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, Alligator Shoes may have air holes, may not be water proof. Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating on the bottom Alligator Shoes Bike Shoes of the shoe portion. Ice Alligator Shoes skates Roller skates Inline skates Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot Alligator Shoes specially designed for attachment Alligator Shoes to the ski. Skateboarding shoes have flat Alligator Shoes soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect the skateboarders feet. Cycling shoes are equipped with a Alligator Shoes metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, Alligator Shoes as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer Alligator Shoes and support the foot. Snowshoes Alligator Shoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter. Wrestling shoes are light, flexible Alligator Shoes shoes that mimic bare feetAlligator Shoeswhile providing additional traction and protection. Orthopedic shoes Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes Alligator Shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as Alligator Shoes padded removable footbeds, wide toe Alligator Shoes boxes and arch support are made Alligator Shoes especially for those with problematic feet. Dance shoes Pointe shoes. Alligator Shoes Designed for ballet dancing. These have Alligator Shoes a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole Alligator Shoes so the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic Alligator Shoes straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles. Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or Alligator Shoes leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made Alligator Shoes of leather, with thicker material under the Alligator Shoes ball and heel of the foot, and thinner Alligator Shoes and thus more flexible material under Alligator Shoes the arch so that the foot Alligator Shoes can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the Alligator Shoes foot. They are most commonly pink, Alligator Shoes white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue. Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to Alligator Shoes provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or Alligator Shoes shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot by laces or elastic Alligator Shoes inserts. Tango/flamenco dance Alligator Shoes shoes. Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two genres of dances Alligator Shoes as defined Alligator Shoes by the IDSF Alligator Shoes (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom Softspots Shoes and Latin American. Both are Best Rated Walking Shoes characterised by suede Alligator Shoes soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes Alligator Shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be finished with a greater variety of colours to match the dancer's dress. The low BallroomAlligator Shoesheel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes have higher Alligator Shoes heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles Alligator Shoes are more Alligator Shoes flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and Alligator Shoes strapped. Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with Alligator Shoes a reinforced Alligator Shoes rubber toe. Character Alligator Shoes shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch Alligator Shoes heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one or more straps Alligator Shoes across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled Alligator Shoes (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps. Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the Alligator Shoes manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executingAlligator Shoesturns. From a distance, flesh colored Alligator Shoes foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet. Modern pointe shoes. Ballet shoes. Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers. Alligator Shoes A foot thong, viewed from the Alligator Shoes underside. Work shoes Work shoes are designed to Alligator Shoes stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide Alligator Shoes high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for Alligator Shoes uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military Alligator Shoes personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and otherAlligator Shoesworkplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes Alligator Shoes and soles or ankle guards. Historical shoes Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands Alligator Shoes of years. Shoes of the past include: Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still Alligator Shoes worn today, are found Alligator Shoes as early as the 14th century. Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continued Alligator Shoes in use even into the early 20th century. Poulaine: a Alligator Shoes shoe Alligator Shoes with a Alligator Shoes long-pointed Alligator Shoes toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s. Moccasins: the historical shoe of Alligator Shoes many North American Indian tribes. Maintenance Breaking-in: Some shoes Alligator Shoes are made Alligator Shoes of hard but deformable material. After a person wears Alligator Shoes them multiple times, the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet.Alligator ShoesThe person is said Alligator Shoes to have broken in the shoes. Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to How To Make Shoes some extent) and appearance, especially for Alligator Shoes leather shoes and boots. Heel replacement: heels Alligator Shoes periodically wearAlligator Shoesout. Not all shoes Alligator Shoes are Alligator Shoes designed to enable this. Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced. Shoelace replacement. When unfit Lets Get Some Shoes for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into other Alligator Shoes raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example. Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler. Shoe etiquette In most parts of the Alligator Shoes world (Asia, Alligator Shoes Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle Alligator Shoes East and Africa, Alligator Shoes much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) Alligator Shoes it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the United States, especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing Alligator Shoes dirt, Alligator Shoes mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including Alligator Shoes those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests. In Alligator Shoes the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, Alligator Shoes such as by crossing Alligator Shoes the legs). In addition, Alligator Shoes in Thailand, it is an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes toAlligator ShoesCirca Shoes touch someone's head or be placed over it. Although feet touching heads is an Alligator Shoes extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai Alligator Shoes kicks are executed with the shin).Alligator Shoes |