The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do Marty S Shoes not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found Marty S Shoes evidence that Marty S Shoes the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and Marty S Shoes 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the Marty S Shoes premise Marty S Shoes that going barefoot results Marty S Shoes in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom of a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The insole is the Marty S Shoes interior bottom of Marty S Shoes a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes Marty S Shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, Marty S Shoes and extra insoles are often added for comfort Marty S Shoes or health reasons (to Marty S Shoes control the shape, moisture, or smell of Marty S Shoes the shoe).
Outsole
The outsole is Marty S Shoes the layer in Marty S Shoes direct contact Marty S Shoes with the ground. Marty S Shoes Dress Marty S Shoes shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber Marty S Shoes or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise Cheap Nike Shoes a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber Marty S Shoes for durability Marty S Shoes and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have Marty S Shoes modifications on Marty S Shoes this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole Marty S Shoes to grip the Marty S Shoes ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the outsole and the insole that is Marty S Shoes typically Marty S Shoes there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath Marty S Shoes the heel where one Marty S Shoes puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their Marty S Shoes shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at Marty S Shoes all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material Marty S Shoes as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to Marty S Shoes make Marty S Shoes the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any Marty S Shoes shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a Marty S Shoes few straps for holding Marty S Shoes the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes Marty S Shoes a method Marty S Shoes Adio Skate Shoes for producing a shoe-upper (Hain Marty S Shoes 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: can be used Marty S Shoes to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for the Marty S Shoes foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside Marty S Shoes the shoe Marty S Shoes when user is Marty S Shoes not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material Marty S Shoes spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used Marty S Shoes to correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: a bag that protects Marty S Shoes shoes against damage when they are not Marty S Shoes being worn.
Shoe stretcher: Marty S Shoes a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or Marty S Shoes for reducing discomfort in areas of a Marty S Shoes shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases the area of ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made from Marty S Shoes real crocodile skin, in a conservation Marty S Shoes exhibit at Marty S Shoes Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and casual shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by Marty S Shoes sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs Marty S Shoes of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes Marty S Shoes have an Marty S Shoes upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, Marty S Shoes but not covering Marty S Shoes the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often Clown Shoes made without Marty S Shoes apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or Marty S Shoes even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot Marty S Shoes but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease Marty S Shoes slipping the shoe on.
Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed:
Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit Marty S Shoes to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, Marty S Shoes such Marty S Shoes as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied to two Marty S Shoes pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also Marty S Shoes known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is known as the Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead of lacing
Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes can also be decorated Marty S Shoes in various ways:
Plain-toes: have a sleek Marty S Shoes appearance and Marty S Shoes no extra decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This Marty S Shoes is Marty S Shoes possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The Marty S Shoes toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which Marty S Shoes extends down either side Marty S Shoes of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and Brand Name Shoes blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding Marty S Shoes it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
The tone or style of this article or section Marty S Shoes may not be appropriate for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large variety of shoes available for women, Uggs Shoes in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Marty S Shoes Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known in the US and UK Marty S Shoes as ballerinas, ballet Heelys Shoes pumps or skimmers, are Marty S Shoes shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the instep. They Marty S Shoes are popular for warm-weather wear, Marty S Shoes and may be seen as more comfortable Marty S Shoes than Jump Shoes shoes with a higher heel.
High heels may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot and sneaker Marty S Shoes pump: a shoe that looks Marty S Shoes like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very Marty S Shoes thick soles and Marty S Shoes heels
Moccasin: Marty S Shoes originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much Marty S Shoes of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular Marty S Shoes for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe Marty S Shoes with Marty S Shoes a Marty S Shoes contrasting saddle-shaped Marty S Shoes band over the Marty S Shoes instep, typically Marty S Shoes white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress Marty S Shoes or casual shoe without laces; Track Shoes often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar Marty S Shoes to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather Marty S Shoes (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of canvas Marty S Shoes or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring Marty S Shoes or scratching a boat deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the Marty S Shoes ankle) frequently made of leather. Marty S Shoes Some are designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include Marty S Shoes rubber boots and snow boots, as well Marty S Shoes as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
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Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes Marty S Shoes often have less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn by either sex. Marty S Shoes Emphasis tends to be more on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out Marty S Shoes of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be Marty S Shoes lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis.
Running Marty S Shoes shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning.
Track shoes: lightweight; Marty S Shoes often with plastic or metal cleats
A shoe for the right foot.
Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing Peltz Shoes sports such as rugby, football, American football, Marty S Shoes or baseball.
A Marty S Shoes shoe for the right foot.
Golf shoes: Marty S Shoes with "spikes" for better grip Marty S Shoes in grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each Marty S Shoes spike are much more common today (and are required on many golf courses since they cause less damage to the Marty S Shoes greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder Marty S Shoes rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling Marty S Shoes alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock Marty S Shoes climbing. They typically have a close Lebron James Shoes fit, little Marty S Shoes if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes Marty S Shoes or boots: usually have a high Marty S Shoes somewhat stiff Marty S Shoes upper with Bicycle Shoes many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: Marty S Shoes Wholesale Women Shoes have a more flexible sole than the running shoe, lighter Marty S Shoes in weight than the hiking boot, Marty S Shoes may have air holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot Marty S Shoes specially designed for attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a Marty S Shoes better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes are equipped with Marty S Shoes a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, Marty S Shoes as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the Marty S Shoes foot.
Snowshoes Marty S Shoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. Marty S Shoes In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or Marty S Shoes "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such Marty S Shoes as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and Marty S Shoes ribbons that are tied to the Marty S Shoes dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole Marty S Shoes is Marty S Shoes typically Marty S Shoes made of leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel of the foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that the foot can Marty S Shoes be pointed to its utmost. Ballet Marty S Shoes slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz shoes. These typically have Marty S Shoes a two-part, Marty S Shoes rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one Marty S Shoes inch or shorter) heel. They are Marty S Shoes secured to the foot by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are Marty S Shoes typically Marty S Shoes lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be Marty S Shoes finished with a greater variety of colours to Marty S Shoes match Marty S Shoes the dancer's dress. The Marty S Shoes low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes have higher Marty S Shoes heels designed to throw the dancer's Marty S Shoes weight on to the toes and the soles Marty S Shoes are more Marty S Shoes flexible. Men's Latin shoes Marty S Shoes typically have 1.5-inch to Marty S Shoes 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a Marty S Shoes sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one or more straps across the Marty S Shoes instep to secure the foot Marty S Shoes during Marty S Shoes dance. They may come Marty S Shoes in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap Marty S Shoes shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are Marty S Shoes slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the Capezio Dance Shoes ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while Marty S Shoes executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. This Marty S Shoes style is frequently worn by acro dancers.
A foot Marty S Shoes thong, viewed from the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect Marty S Shoes the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, Marty S Shoes military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn Marty S Shoes for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past Marty S Shoes include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are Marty S Shoes still worn Marty S Shoes today, are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's Marty S Shoes feet dry outdoors. First worn in the Marty S Shoes middle ages, they continued in use even Marty S Shoes into the early 20th century.
Poulaine: a shoe with a Marty S Shoes long-pointed toe, popular in Europe Marty S Shoes in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but Marty S Shoes deformable Marty S Shoes material. After a person Marty S Shoes wears them multiple times, the material reforms to Marty S Shoes fit Marty S Shoes the wearer's feet. Marty S Shoes The person is said to have broken in the Marty S Shoes shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water resistance Marty S Shoes (to some extent) and appearance, Marty S Shoes especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel Marty S Shoes replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to Marty S Shoes enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes Marty S Shoes can have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste Marty S Shoes and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which Marty S Shoes can be recycled and turned into other raw materials. See Marty S Shoes Nike Grind as an Marty S Shoes example.
Someone Marty S Shoes who makes or repairs shoes in Marty S Shoes a shop is called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Marty S Shoes Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it Marty S Shoes is customary to remove shoes when entering a Marty S Shoes house. In some areas of the United States, Marty S Shoes especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host Marty S Shoes specifically invites them to leave their shoes Marty S Shoes on. Marty S Shoes People do this to Fallen Shoes avoid bringing Marty S Shoes dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including those in Asia, indoor footwear may Marty S Shoes be provided for guests.
In the Middle Marty S Shoes East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles Marty S Shoes of the feet to Marty S Shoes others (even Marty S Shoes accidentally, such as by Marty S Shoes crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an Marty S Shoes extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's head or be placed over it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence Marty S Shoes in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin). |
