The earliest known shoes Buster Brown Shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and Buster Brown Shoes were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do not normally last Buster Brown Shoes for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in Buster Brown Shoes use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during Buster Brown Shoes this period, on the premise Buster Brown Shoes that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom of a shoe is called Buster Brown Shoes the sole.
Insole
The insole is the Buster Brown Shoes interior bottom of Buster Brown Shoes a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often Vegetarian Shoes added for comfort or health reasons (to control the Buster Brown Shoes shape, moisture, or smell of the Buster Brown Shoes shoe).
Outsole
The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or Buster Brown Shoes a synthetic imitation. The Softwalk Shoes outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of Buster Brown Shoes different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front Buster Brown Shoes is leather for style. Specialized shoes will Buster Brown Shoes often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have Buster Brown Shoes much softer or harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the outsole and Buster Brown Shoes the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for Buster Brown Shoes shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one Buster Brown Shoes puts Buster Brown Shoes the most Buster Brown Shoes pressure down. Buster Brown Shoes Different companies use Buster Brown Shoes different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may Buster Brown Shoes not have a midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high Buster Brown Shoes for fashion or to make the Buster Brown Shoes person look taller, or Buster Brown Shoes flat for a more practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, Buster Brown Shoes will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: can be used Buster Brown Shoes to Buster Brown Shoes insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open Buster Brown Shoes and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, Buster Brown Shoes and provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or Buster Brown Shoes reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct Buster Brown Shoes foot problems.
Shoe bag: a bag that protects shoes against damage when they are not Buster Brown Shoes being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases the area of ground covered by the Buster Brown Shoes shoe.
Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and casual shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple Buster Brown Shoes leather Buster Brown Shoes uppers, Buster Brown Shoes leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes Buster Brown Shoes are Buster Brown Shoes characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often Buster Brown Shoes made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; Buster Brown Shoes a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by Buster Brown Shoes laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to Buster Brown Shoes ease slipping the shoe on.
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Men's shoes
Men's shoes can Buster Brown Shoes be categorized by how they are closed:
Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces Buster Brown Shoes of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open Buster Brown Shoes lacing". In England, Buster Brown Shoes the Blucher is known as the Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: Buster Brown Shoes a buckle and strap instead of lacing
Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes can also Buster Brown Shoes be decorated in various ways:
Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the Buster Brown Shoes vamp.
Cap-toes: Buster Brown Shoes has an extra layer Buster Brown Shoes of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe Buster Brown Shoes of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side Buster Brown Shoes of Buster Brown Shoes the Buster Brown Shoes shoe. Buster Brown Shoes Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding Buster Brown Shoes it.
Further information Buster Brown Shoes might be Buster Brown Shoes found on the talk page or at requests for Buster Brown Shoes expansion.
The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for Buster Brown Shoes suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is Buster Brown Shoes a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the Buster Brown Shoes men's styles being more accepted as Buster Brown Shoes unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes Buster Brown Shoes with a very low heel Buster Brown Shoes and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the instep. Buster Brown Shoes They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more Buster Brown Shoes comfortable Buster Brown Shoes than Buster Brown Shoes shoes Buster Brown Shoes with a higher heel.
High heels may be shoes with heels 2 Buster Brown Shoes inches Buster Brown Shoes (5 cm) or higher. Buster Brown Shoes They are often seen as having Buster Brown Shoes more Buster Brown Shoes sex appeal than low heels (see Buster Brown Shoes article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn Buster Brown Shoes by women for formal occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks Buster Brown Shoes like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making Buster Brown Shoes it Buster Brown Shoes a kind of Buster Brown Shoes novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Vans Skate Shoes Native Americans, a soft shoe without Buster Brown Shoes a heel and usually made of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to Buster Brown Shoes air. They are thus popular for warm-weather Buster Brown Shoes wear, because they let Buster Brown Shoes the foot be Buster Brown Shoes cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white Buster Brown Shoes uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating Buster Brown Shoes shoes, also known Buster Brown Shoes as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of Buster Brown Shoes canvas or featuring Buster Brown Shoes a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are designed Buster Brown Shoes to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: For indoor use, commonly Buster Brown Shoes worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. Buster Brown Shoes In Buster Brown Shoes many cases these shoes can Buster Brown Shoes be worn by either sex. Emphasis Buster Brown Shoes tends to be more on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): Buster Brown Shoes general purpose athletic shoes; made out Buster Brown Shoes of rubber, Buster Brown Shoes cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good Buster Brown Shoes traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis.
Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning.
Track shoes: Buster Brown Shoes lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats
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A shoe for the right foot.
Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, Buster Brown Shoes or baseball.
A shoe for the right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet Buster Brown Shoes ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were Gravity Defyer Shoes made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" Buster Brown Shoes made of Buster Brown Shoes synthetic plastic-like materials with Lehigh Safety Shoes prongs distributed radially Buster Brown Shoes around the Buster Brown Shoes edge of each spike are much more common today (and are required on many golf courses Buster Brown Shoes since they cause less damage to the greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and Buster Brown Shoes athletic shoes. They Buster Brown Shoes have Buster Brown Shoes harder rubber soles/heels so as Buster Brown Shoes not to damage bowling alley Buster Brown Shoes floors. They are often rented Buster Brown Shoes or loaned at bowling alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if any padding, and a Buster Brown Shoes smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with Buster Brown Shoes many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large Buster Brown Shoes traction on the sole.
Walking Buster Brown Shoes shoes: have a more flexible sole than the running Buster Brown Shoes shoe, lighter Buster Brown Shoes in weight than the hiking Buster Brown Shoes boot, may have air holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have Buster Brown Shoes various attachments for skating on Buster Brown Shoes the bottom of Buster Brown Shoes the shoe portion. Buster Brown Shoes
Ice skates
Roller skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a Buster Brown Shoes large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding shoes Buster Brown Shoes have flat soles Buster Brown Shoes for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding Buster Brown Shoes to protect Buster Brown Shoes the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes are equipped with a Buster Brown Shoes metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a Buster Brown Shoes stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot.
Snowshoes are special Buster Brown Shoes shoes for walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in Buster Brown Shoes winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with Buster Brown Shoes pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and Buster Brown Shoes arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that Buster Brown Shoes is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole Buster Brown Shoes so the dancer can stand on Buster Brown Shoes the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made Buster Brown Shoes of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The Buster Brown Shoes sole is Buster Brown Shoes typically made of leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel of the foot, and thinner and Buster Brown Shoes thus more flexible material under the arch so that the foot can be pointed Buster Brown Shoes to its utmost. Ballet slippers are Buster Brown Shoes usually Buster Brown Shoes secured by elastics that Buster Brown Shoes cross over the top of the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in Buster Brown Shoes specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility Buster Brown Shoes and traction, and Buster Brown Shoes a low (one inch or shorter) Buster Brown Shoes heel. They are secured to the foot by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two Buster Brown Shoes genres of dances as defined by Buster Brown Shoes the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with Buster Brown Shoes 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Buster Brown Shoes Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low Buster Brown Shoes 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric Buster Brown Shoes so that they can Buster Brown Shoes be finished with a greater variety of colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the Buster Brown Shoes dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes Buster Brown Shoes have higher heels Buster Brown Shoes designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to Buster Brown Shoes 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
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Dance sneakers. Also known as Buster Brown Shoes dansneakers, these Buster Brown Shoes are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with Buster Brown Shoes a one to three inch heel, which are usually made Buster Brown Shoes of leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) Buster Brown Shoes or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called Buster Brown Shoes called Buster Brown Shoes Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending Buster Brown Shoes on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of Buster Brown Shoes a dancer's foot from skin Buster Brown Shoes abrasions Buster Brown Shoes while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored Buster Brown Shoes foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes. Buster Brown Shoes
Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers.
A foot thong, viewed from the underside.
Work Buster Brown Shoes shoes
Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made Buster Brown Shoes from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes Buster Brown Shoes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They Buster Brown Shoes are commonly used for protection Buster Brown Shoes in industrial settings, Buster Brown Shoes construction, mining, Buster Brown Shoes and other workplaces. Protective features may include Buster Brown Shoes steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn Buster Brown Shoes today, are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn Buster Brown Shoes in the middle ages, they continued Cinderella Shoes in use even into the early 20th Buster Brown Shoes century.
Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular Buster Brown Shoes in Marc Ecko Shoes Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe Buster Brown Shoes of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, Buster Brown Shoes the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, Buster Brown Shoes water resistance Buster Brown Shoes (to Buster Brown Shoes some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception Buster Brown Shoes can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is Buster Brown Shoes called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts Buster Brown Shoes of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to Buster Brown Shoes remove Buster Brown Shoes shoes when entering Buster Brown Shoes a house. In some areas of the United States, especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their Buster Brown Shoes shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For Buster Brown Shoes some societies, including those Buster Brown Shoes in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for Buster Brown Shoes guests.
In the Middle East, parts of Buster Brown Shoes Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is Buster Brown Shoes considered rude to show the soles of the Buster Brown Shoes feet to others (even Buster Brown Shoes accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insult for the foot, Buster Brown Shoes socks, or shoes to touch Buster Brown Shoes someone's head or Buster Brown Shoes be placed Buster Brown Shoes over it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" Cheap Skate Shoes the opponent's head with Buster Brown Shoes their foot (most Muay Thai Buster Brown Shoes kicks are executed with the Buster Brown Shoes shin). |
