The earliest Chef Shoes known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in Chef Shoes 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes Chef Shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of Chef Shoes the bones of the toes (other Chef Shoes than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a Chef Shoes shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom of Chef Shoes a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health Chef Shoes reasons Chef Shoes (to control the shape, moisture, Chef Shoes or smell of the shoe).
Outsole
The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often Chef Shoes the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many Chef Shoes kinds of dancing shoes have much Chef Shoes softer Chef Shoes or harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the outsole and Chef Shoes the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like Chef Shoes running shoes, have another material for Chef Shoes shock absorption, usually beneath the heel Chef Shoes where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies Chef Shoes use different materials for the midsoles of their Chef Shoes shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are Chef Shoes often Chef Shoes made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to Chef Shoes make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals Chef Shoes or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few Chef Shoes straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have Chef Shoes a more complex upper. This part Chef Shoes is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for producing a Chef Shoes shoe-upper (Hain Chef Shoes 1967).
Accessories to Chef Shoes shoes
Shoehorn: Chef Shoes can be used to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and Chef Shoes providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to Chef Shoes help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide Chef Shoes protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes Chef Shoes for rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of Chef Shoes various materials Chef Shoes for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Chef Shoes Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: a bag that protects Chef Shoes shoes Chef Shoes against damage when Chef Shoes they are not being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases the area of ground Chef Shoes covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system used to Chef Shoes secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made Chef Shoes from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, Chef Shoes England.
Dress and casual shoes
Dress shoes Chef Shoes are categorized by smooth and supple Chef Shoes leather uppers, leather soles, and Chef Shoes narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized Chef Shoes by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly Chef Shoes made of leather, enclosing most Chef Shoes of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, but Chef Shoes may Chef Shoes also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series Chef Shoes of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes Chef Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also Chef Shoes available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as Chef Shoes high-topped Chef Shoes shoes Chef Shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped Chef Shoes shoe Chef Shoes is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on.
Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be Chef Shoes categorized by how they are closed:
Balmorals: the vamp Chef Shoes has a V-shaped slit to Chef Shoes which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is known as the Chef Shoes Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: Chef Shoes a buckle and strap instead of lacing
Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic Chef Shoes closings.
Men's shoes can also be decorated in various ways:
Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The Chef Shoes toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Chef Shoes Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this Chef Shoes section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
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Specific concerns may be found on the talk Chef Shoes page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most Chef Shoes of the Chef Shoes men's styles being more accepted as Chef Shoes unisex. Some Chef Shoes broad categories are:
Pumps, known in Chef Shoes the US and UK Chef Shoes as Chef Shoes ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the Chef Shoes instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel.
High heels may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. Chef Shoes They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels Chef Shoes (see article for discussion) Chef Shoes and are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped Chef Shoes with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress shoe.
Either Chef Shoes gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Chef Shoes Native Americans, Chef Shoes a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of Chef Shoes a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a Chef Shoes dress or casual Chef Shoes shoe Chef Shoes without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or Chef Shoes coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar to Chef Shoes a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often Chef Shoes made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently Chef Shoes made of leather. Some are designed to be used Chef Shoes in times of bad weather, or simply as an Chef Shoes alternate style of casual or Chef Shoes dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have less difference between the Chef Shoes sexes than in dress shoes. Chef Shoes In many cases these shoes can be worn by either Chef Shoes sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes Chef Shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made Chef Shoes out of rubber, cloth, Chef Shoes and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for Chef Shoes basketball or tennis.
Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning.
Track shoes: lightweight; Chef Shoes often Chef Shoes with plastic or metal cleats
A shoe for the right foot.
Cleat (shoe): Chef Shoes a type of shoe featuring molded Chef Shoes or removable studs. Usually worn while Chef Shoes playing sports such as Chef Shoes rugby, football, American Chef Shoes football, or Chef Shoes baseball.
A shoe Chef Shoes for the right foot.
Golf shoes: Chef Shoes with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable Chef Shoes "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more Chef Shoes common today (and are required on many golf courses since Chef Shoes they cause less damage to the greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels Chef Shoes so as not to damage Chef Shoes bowling alley floors. They Chef Shoes are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. Chef Shoes They typically have a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper Chef Shoes with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle Chef Shoes support on uneven Chef Shoes terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.
Walking Chef Shoes shoes: have a more flexible sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the Chef Shoes hiking boot, Chef Shoes may have air Chef Shoes holes, may not Chef Shoes be Gravity Defyer Shoes water proof.
Skating shoes: typically Chef Shoes called skates. They Chef Shoes have various Chef Shoes attachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are Chef Shoes very Chef Shoes wide and have extra layers of padding to protect Chef Shoes the skateboarders Chef Shoes feet.
Cycling shoes are equipped with a Chef Shoes metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in Chef Shoes thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used Chef Shoes for mostly recreational Chef Shoes purposes in winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made Chef Shoes with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes Chef Shoes and arch support are Chef Shoes made especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a Chef Shoes toe box that is stiffened with Chef Shoes glue and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons Chef Shoes that are tied to the dancer's ankles.
Ballet Chef Shoes shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or Chef Shoes two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made Chef Shoes of leather, with thicker material under the Chef Shoes ball and heel of the foot, and thinner and Chef Shoes thus more flexible material under the arch so that the foot can Chef Shoes be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers Chef Shoes are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. Chef Shoes They are most commonly pink, white, Chef Shoes black, or pale tan, although Chef Shoes they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz shoes. These typically have Chef Shoes a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one Chef Shoes inch Chef Shoes or shorter) heel. They are secured to the Chef Shoes foot by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco Chef Shoes dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two genres of dances Chef Shoes as defined by Chef Shoes the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Chef Shoes Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually Lehigh Safety Shoes made of fabric so that they can be finished with a greater variety of Chef Shoes colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the Chef Shoes Cinderella Shoes dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American Chef Shoes shoes have higher heels designed to Chef Shoes throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the Chef Shoes soles are more flexible. Men's Latin Chef Shoes shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels Chef Shoes while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch Chef Shoes to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with Chef Shoes a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three Chef Shoes inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have Chef Shoes one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap Chef Shoes shoes by Chef Shoes attaching Chef Shoes taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, Marc Ecko Shoes these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the Chef Shoes ball of Chef Shoes a dancer's Chef Shoes foot from skin abrasions while Chef Shoes executing turns. From a distance, Chef Shoes flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the Chef Shoes appearance of having bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. This Chef Shoes style is frequently worn by acro Cheap Skate Shoes dancers.
A foot thong, viewed from the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high Chef Shoes traction. Chef Shoes They are generally made Chef Shoes from Chef Shoes sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles Chef Shoes or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn for tens Chef Shoes of thousands of years. Shoes Buster Brown Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep Chef Shoes a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continued in use even Chef Shoes into the early 20th century.
Poulaine: a Blowfish Shoes shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes Chef Shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, the Chef Shoes material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The Chef Shoes person is said to have broken in the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent) and Chef Shoes appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Chef Shoes Not all shoes are Chef Shoes designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can be Chef Shoes treated as trash Chef Shoes or municipal solid waste and Chef Shoes disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can Chef Shoes be recycled and turned Chef Shoes into Chef Shoes other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes Chef Shoes or repairs shoes in a shop is called Chef Shoes a Chef Shoes cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of Chef Shoes the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Chef Shoes Africa, much of Northern Europe Chef Shoes and Canada, Chef Shoes as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of the United States, especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, Chef Shoes including those in Asia, indoor footwear Chef Shoes may be provided for guests.
In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet to others (even Chef Shoes accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it Chef Shoes is an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch Chef Shoes someone's head or be placed over it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, Chef Shoes some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin). |
