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The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 Merril Shoes to Merril Shoes 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so Merril Shoes shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus Merril Shoes believes he Merril Shoes has found evidence Merril Shoes that the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, Merril Shoes based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on Merril Shoes the premise Merril Shoes that going barefoot results in Merril Shoes greater bone growth before this Merril Shoes period.[1] Parts of a shoe Gluing a new outsole to Merril Shoes an athletic shoe Sole The bottom of a shoe Merril Shoes is called the sole. Insole The insole is the interior Merril Shoes bottom of a

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shoe, which sits directly Merril Shoes beneath the foot. Merril Shoes Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, Merril Shoes or smell Merril Shoes of the shoe). Outsole The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single Merril Shoes piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole Merril Shoes is rubber for durability and traction, while the Merril Shoes front is leather for style. Specialized shoes

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will often Merril Shoes have

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modifications on this design: athletic Merril Shoes cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have Merril Shoes much softer Merril Shoes or harder soles. Midsole The layer in between the outsole and Merril Shoes the Merril Shoes insole that

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is

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typically Merril Shoes there for shock

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absorption. Some types Merril Shoes of shoes, like running Merril Shoes shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a Merril Shoes midsole at all. Heel Women's fashion boots The bottom rear part Merril Shoes of a shoe is the heel. Its function Merril Shoes is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or Merril Shoes to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical Merril Shoes use. Vamp, or upper Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such Merril Shoes as sandals or flip flops, Merril Shoes this may be nothing Girls Shoes more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Merril Shoes Closed footwear, such Merril Shoes as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex Merril Shoes upper. This part is often decorated or is made Merril Shoes in a certain style to look attractive. Merril Shoes The U.S. Patent Merril Shoes 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967). Accessories to shoes Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe Merril Shoes open and providing a smooth Merril Shoes surface for the foot to slide upon. Shoe Merril Shoes tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape. Shoe polishing equipment: Shoe polish: Merril Shoes a Merril Shoes waxy material spread on shoes Merril Shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection. Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used Merril Shoes to apply polish to shoes. Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber Merril Shoes covering Merril Shoes placed over shoes Merril Shoes for rain and snow Merril Shoes protection. (Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot Merril Shoes problems. Shoe bag: a Merril Shoes bag that protects shoes against damage Merril Shoes when they are not being worn. Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider Merril Shoes or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe. Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases the area of ground covered by the shoe. Shoelaces: Merril Shoes a system used to secure shoes. Types of shoes Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England. Dress and casual shoes Dress shoes are categorized by Merril Shoes smooth and supple Merril Shoes leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile. Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, Merril Shoes enclosing most of Merril Shoes the lower foot, but not covering the Merril Shoes ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or Merril Shoes openings, but may also be made with openings or even

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itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe Merril Shoes featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with Merril Shoes the upper rising above the ankle is Merril Shoes usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe Merril Shoes is secured by laces or Merril Shoes zippers, Merril Shoes although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the Merril Shoes shoe on. Men's shoes Men's shoes can Merril Shoes be categorized by how they are closed: Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped Merril Shoes slit to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". In England, the

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balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers. Bluchers: Merril Shoes the laces are tied Merril Shoes to two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as Merril Shoes "open lacing". Merril Shoes In England, the Blucher is known as the Derby Merril Shoes shoe. Monk-straps: a Nordstrom Shoes buckle and strap instead of lacing Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings. Men's shoes can also be decorated in various ways: Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp. Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This Merril Shoes is possibly the most popular decoration. Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with Merril Shoes a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher Merril Shoes styles. Please Merril Shoes help improve Merril Shoes this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page Merril Shoes or at requests for Merril Shoes expansion. The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on

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the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007) Women's shoes There is a

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Tuk Shoes large Merril Shoes variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more Merril Shoes accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are: Pumps, known in Merril Shoes the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short Merril Shoes vamp, exposing much of the instep. They Merril Shoes are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel. High heels may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 Merril Shoes cm) or higher. They Merril Shoes are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see article Merril Shoes for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women Merril Shoes for formal occasions or social outings. Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe Merril Shoes that looks like an athletic shoe, Merril Shoes but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress shoe. Either gender Women's sandals Clog Platform shoe: shoe with very Sketcher Shoes thick soles and heels Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without Merril Shoes Yellow Shoes a Merril Shoes heel and usually made of leather. Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let Merril Shoes the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would. Saddle shoe: leather shoe with Volleyball Shoes a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle". Loafer: Merril Shoes a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny Merril Shoes loafers). Boating shoes, also known Merril Shoes as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar Merril Shoes to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are Merril Shoes usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They Merril Shoes have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or Merril Shoes scratching a boat deck. Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made Merril Shoes of leather. Some are Merril Shoes designed to be used in times of bad Merril Shoes weather, Merril Shoes or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include Merril Shoes rubber boots and snow boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots. Slippers: For indoor Merril Shoes use, commonly worn with pajamas. Athletic shoes Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have less Merril Shoes difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In Cum On Shoes many cases these shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more Merril Shoes on function than style. Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis. Running shoes: very similar to

Merril Shoes

above, with additional

Merril Shoes

emphasis on cushioning. Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats A shoe for the right foot. Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such Merril Shoes as Merril Shoes rugby, football, American football, or baseball. A shoe for the right foot. Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground. Merril Shoes Originally the Merril Shoes spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but Merril Shoes replaceable "soft spikes" made of In Her Shoes synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more common today (and are required on many golf courses Merril Shoes since they cause less damage to the greens). Bowling shoes:

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intermediate style

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between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at Merril Shoes bowling alleys. Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand. Hiking shoes or Merril Shoes boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole. Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the Merril Shoes hiking boot, may have air holes,

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may not Merril Shoes be water proof. Skating Merril Shoes shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating Merril Shoes on the bottom of the shoe portion. Ice skates Roller skates Inline skates Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the ski. Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra Merril Shoes layers of padding to protect the skateboarders feet. Cycling shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to Merril Shoes interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole to maximize Merril Shoes power transfer and support the foot. Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick Merril Shoes snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter. Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection. Orthopedic shoes Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes Merril Shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as Elevator Shoes padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch Merril Shoes support are made especially for those with problematic feet. Dance Merril Shoes shoes Pointe shoes. Merril Shoes Designed Merril Shoes for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole Merril Shoes so

Merril Shoes

the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured Merril Shoes by elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles. Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or Merril Shoes two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of leather,

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with thicker material under the ball and heel of the foot, and thinner and thus more flexible Merril Shoes material under Merril Shoes the arch so that the foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured Merril Shoes by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, Merril Shoes black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue. Jazz shoes. These typically Merril Shoes have a two-part, rubberized Merril Shoes sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot by laces Merril Shoes or elastic inserts. Tango/flamenco dance shoes. Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two genres of dances as Merril Shoes defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both Merril Shoes are characterised by suede Merril Shoes soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically

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lace-ups Merril Shoes with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be finished Merril Shoes with a greater Merril Shoes variety of colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight Merril Shoes on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to Merril Shoes 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped. Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe. Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually made of Merril Shoes leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps. Foot Merril Shoes thongs. Variously Merril Shoes called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, Merril Shoes depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet. Modern Merril Shoes pointe shoes.

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Ballet shoes. Jazz shoes. This style is frequently Merril Shoes worn by acro dancers. A foot thong, viewed from the underside. Work shoes Work shoes are designed to stand Merril Shoes heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers Merril Shoes and non-leather outsoles.

Merril Shoes

Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards. Historical shoes Footwear has been worn for Merril Shoes tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include: Espadrilles: these sandals, which are Merril Shoes still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century. Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle New Balance Tennis Shoes ages, they continued in use even into the early 20th century. Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed

Merril Shoes

toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s. Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Merril Shoes Indian tribes. Maintenance Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of Saucony Shoes hard but deformable Merril Shoes material. After a person wears Merril Shoes them multiple times, the material reforms Size Womens Shoes to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said to have Merril Shoes broken in the shoes. Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some Merril Shoes extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots. Heel Merril Shoes replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes Merril Shoes are designed to enable this. Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes Merril Shoes can have their soles replaced. Shoelace Womens Sports Shoes replacement. When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal Merril Shoes solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned Merril Shoes into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example. Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a Merril Shoes shop is called a cobbler. Shoe etiquette In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Merril Shoes Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, Merril Shoes much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary Merril Shoes to Merril Shoes remove shoes Merril Shoes when entering a house. In some areas of Merril Shoes the United States, especially the Merril Shoes Midwest, it Merril Shoes is expected that Merril Shoes visitors Merril Shoes remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them Merril Shoes to leave their shoes Merril Shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including those in Asia, indoor

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footwear may be provided for guests. In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is Merril Shoes an Merril Shoes extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's head Merril Shoes or be Merril Shoes placed over it. Although feet touching Merril Shoes heads is an extremely rare occurrence in Merril Shoes any society, some Muay Merril Shoes Thai boxers insult each Merril Shoes other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Skateboarding Shoes Thai kicks are executed with the Merril Shoes shin).

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