The Tuk Shoes earliest Tuk Shoes known shoes date Tuk Shoes from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials Tuk Shoes used for Tuk Shoes making shoes do Tuk Shoes not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were Tuk Shoes probably in use long before this. Tuk Shoes Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years Tuk Shoes ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) Tuk Shoes decreased Tuk Shoes during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom of a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the Tuk Shoes foot. Many shoes have Tuk Shoes removable and replaceable insoles, and Tuk Shoes extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe).
Outsole
The Tuk Shoes outsole is the layer in Tuk Shoes direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or Tuk Shoes a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Tuk Shoes Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather Tuk Shoes for style. Specialized shoes Tuk Shoes will often have modifications on this Tuk Shoes design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the outsole and the insole that is typically there for Tuk Shoes shock absorption. Some types of shoes, Tuk Shoes like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for Tuk Shoes the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion Tuk Shoes boots
The bottom rear part Tuk Shoes of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel Tuk Shoes of the foot. They are often made of the same Tuk Shoes material as Tuk Shoes the sole of the Tuk Shoes shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical Tuk Shoes use.
Vamp, or Tuk Shoes upper
Any shoe has an upper Tuk Shoes part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this Tuk Shoes may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is Tuk Shoes made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method Tuk Shoes for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot into a shoe Tuk Shoes by keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for Tuk Shoes the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on Tuk Shoes shoes to Tuk Shoes improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: Tuk Shoes used to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes Tuk Shoes or galoshes: a rubber Tuk Shoes covering placed over shoes for rain and Tuk Shoes snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: Tuk Shoes insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, Tuk Shoes or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems.
Shoe Tuk Shoes bag: a bag that Tuk Shoes protects shoes against damage when Tuk Shoes they are not being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe.
Snow Tuk Shoes shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases the Tuk Shoes area of ground covered by Tuk Shoes the shoe.
Shoelaces: a Tuk Shoes system used to secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made from Tuk Shoes real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and casual shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and Tuk Shoes supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy Tuk Shoes leather Tuk Shoes uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some Tuk Shoes designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of Osiris Shoes the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is Tuk Shoes often made without apertures Tuk Shoes or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open Tuk Shoes toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising Tuk Shoes above the ankle Tuk Shoes is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred Tuk Shoes to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces Tuk Shoes or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the Winter Shoes shoe on.
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Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized by Tuk Shoes how they are closed:
Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces Tuk Shoes are attached; also known as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Tuk Shoes Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as Tuk Shoes rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to Tuk Shoes the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, Tuk Shoes the Tuk Shoes Blucher is known as the Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead of lacing
Various other closings exist but are less popular such as Tuk Shoes side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes Tuk Shoes can also be decorated in various ways:
Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra Tuk Shoes decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: Tuk Shoes has Tuk Shoes an extra layer Tuk Shoes of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): Tuk Shoes The toe of the Tuk Shoes shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side Tuk Shoes of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on Crock Shoes the talk page or at requests for expansion.
The Tuk Shoes tone or style of this article or section may not be Tuk Shoes appropriate for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found Tuk Shoes Mauri Gator Shoes on the talk Tuk Shoes page. Tuk Shoes See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known in the US and UK Tuk Shoes as ballerinas, Tuk Shoes ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes Tuk Shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing Tuk Shoes much of Tuk Shoes the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may Tuk Shoes be seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel.
High heels may be shoes Tuk Shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal than Tuk Shoes low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by Tuk Shoes women for formal occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: Tuk Shoes a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Native Tuk Shoes Americans, Tuk Shoes a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a Tuk Shoes sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus Tuk Shoes popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe Tuk Shoes with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, Tuk Shoes typically white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also known Tuk Shoes as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but more Tuk Shoes casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Tuk Shoes Often made of canvas or Tuk Shoes featuring a Tuk Shoes white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the Tuk Shoes ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are Tuk Shoes designed to be used Tuk Shoes in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate Tuk Shoes style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as Tuk Shoes well as work Tuk Shoes boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: For indoor use, commonly Tuk Shoes worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have less difference between the sexes than in dress Tuk Shoes shoes. In Tuk Shoes many cases these shoes can be worn by Tuk Shoes either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or Tuk Shoes tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or Tuk Shoes plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties Tuk Shoes are available for basketball or tennis.
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Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis Tuk Shoes on cushioning.
Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats
A shoe for the right foot.
Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or Tuk Shoes removable studs. Usually worn while playing Tuk Shoes sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball.
A shoe for the right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground. Originally Tuk Shoes the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable Tuk Shoes "soft spikes" Tuk Shoes made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are Tuk Shoes much more common today (and are required on many golf courses since they cause less damage to Tuk Shoes the greens).
Bowling Tuk Shoes shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic Tuk Shoes shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling Girls Shoes alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes Tuk Shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper Tuk Shoes with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air Tuk Shoes holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating on Tuk Shoes the bottom of the Tuk Shoes shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for Tuk Shoes attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat soles Tuk Shoes for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect the skateboarders Tuk Shoes feet.
Cycling shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. Tuk Shoes In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, flexible Tuk Shoes shoes that mimic bare feet Tuk Shoes while providing Tuk Shoes additional traction Tuk Shoes and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct Tuk Shoes comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide Tuk Shoes toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet Tuk Shoes dancing. These have a toe Tuk Shoes box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured Tuk Shoes by elastic straps and ribbons that Tuk Shoes are tied to the dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made Tuk Shoes of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). Tuk Shoes The sole is typically made of leather, with thicker material under the Tuk Shoes ball and Tuk Shoes heel of the foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under Tuk Shoes the arch so that the foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers Tuk Shoes are usually secured Tuk Shoes by elastics that cross over Tuk Shoes the top of the foot. They are most Tuk Shoes commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such Tuk Shoes as red or blue.
Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or Tuk Shoes shorter) heel. They are secured Tuk Shoes to the foot by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the Tuk Shoes two Tuk Shoes genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised Nordstrom Shoes by Tuk Shoes suede Tuk Shoes soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with Tuk Shoes 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be finished with a greater variety of colours to match the dancer's Tuk Shoes dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot Tuk Shoes while Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
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Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a Tuk Shoes reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one or Tuk Shoes more straps across Tuk Shoes the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Tuk Shoes Variously called called Tuk Shoes Foot Paws and FootUndeez, Tuk Shoes depending Tuk Shoes on the manufacturer, these are Tuk Shoes slip-on, partial foot Tuk Shoes covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing Tuk Shoes turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs Tuk Shoes give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers.
A foot thong, viewed from Tuk Shoes the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes are designed Tuk Shoes to stand heavy wear, to protect Tuk Shoes the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather Tuk Shoes outsoles. Sometimes they Tuk Shoes are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used Tuk Shoes for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, Tuk Shoes and other workplaces. Protective features may include Tuk Shoes steel-tipped Tuk Shoes toes Tuk Shoes and soles or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still Tuk Shoes worn today, are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: Tuk Shoes a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continued in use even into the early 20th century.
Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe Tuk Shoes in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, Tuk Shoes the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said Tuk Shoes to have Tuk Shoes broken in the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some Tuk Shoes extent) and appearance, especially for Tuk Shoes leather shoes and Tuk Shoes boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles Tuk Shoes also wear out. Not all shoes Tuk Shoes can have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or Tuk Shoes municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be Tuk Shoes recycled and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Tuk Shoes Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Tuk Shoes Europe and Canada, as Tuk Shoes well as Alaska) Tuk Shoes it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In some areas of Tuk Shoes the United States, Tuk Shoes especially Tuk Shoes the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing Tuk Shoes dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some Tuk Shoes societies, including Tuk Shoes those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests.
In Tuk Shoes the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it Tuk Shoes is an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to Tuk Shoes touch someone's head Tuk Shoes or be placed over it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare Tuk Shoes occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are Tuk Shoes executed with the shin). |
