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The earliest known shoes date from about

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8000 to 7000 BCE and were Discontinued Born Shoes found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the

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materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, Discontinued Born Shoes so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Discontinued Born Shoes Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about Discontinued Born Shoes 40,000 and Discontinued Born Shoes 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the American Eagle Shoes bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results Discontinued Born Shoes in greater bone growth before this period.[1] Parts of a shoe Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe Sole The bottom of a shoe is called the sole. Insole The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Discontinued Born Shoes Many shoes have removable and Discontinued Born Shoes replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons Discontinued Born Shoes (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of Discontinued Born Shoes the shoe). Outsole The outsole Discontinued Born Shoes is Discontinued Born Shoes the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual Discontinued Born Shoes or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber Discontinued Born Shoes or Discontinued Born Shoes a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may Discontinued Born Shoes comprise separate pieces of Discontinued Born Shoes different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will Discontinued Born Shoes often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in

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the Discontinued Born Shoes outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or Discontinued Born Shoes harder Discontinued Born Shoes soles. Midsole The layer in Discontinued Born Shoes between the outsole and Discontinued Born Shoes the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes,

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like running shoes, Discontinued Born Shoes have another material for shock absorption, Discontinued Born Shoes usually Discontinued Born Shoes beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Discontinued Born Shoes Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at Discontinued Born Shoes all. Heel Women's fashion boots The bottom rear part of Discontinued Born Shoes a shoe is the heel. Its function Discontinued Born Shoes is Discontinued Born Shoes to Discontinued Born Shoes support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for a more Discontinued Born Shoes practical use. Vamp, or upper Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold Discontinued Born Shoes the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest Discontinued Born Shoes cases, such Discontinued Born Shoes as sandals or flip flops, this may Vegetarian Shoes be Discontinued Born Shoes nothing more than a Discontinued Born Shoes few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have Discontinued Born Shoes a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain

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1967). Accessories to Discontinued Born Shoes shoes Shoehorn: can be Discontinued Born Shoes used to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth

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surface for Discontinued Born Shoes the foot to slide upon. Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe Discontinued Born Shoes when Discontinued Born Shoes user is not wearing it, to help Discontinued Born Shoes maintain the shoe's shape. Shoe polishing equipment: Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection. Shoe Discontinued Born Shoes brush and polishing Discontinued Born Shoes cloth: used to apply polish to shoes. Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering Discontinued Born Shoes placed over shoes for rain and snow protection. (Orthopedic) shoe insert: Discontinued Born Shoes insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems. Shoe bag: a bag that Discontinued Born Shoes protects shoes against damage when they are not being worn. Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or Discontinued Born Shoes for reducing discomfort in areas Discontinued Born Shoes of a shoe. Snow shoe: a wooden Softwalk Shoes or leather piece which increases the area of ground covered by Discontinued Born Shoes the shoe. Shoelaces: a system used to secure Discontinued Born Shoes shoes. Types of shoes Shoes made from Discontinued Born Shoes real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit

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at Bristol Zoo, England. Dress and Discontinued Born Shoes casual shoes Dress shoes Vans Skate Shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and Discontinued Born Shoes wide profile. Some designs

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of dress shoes can be worn by either Discontinued Born Shoes gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the Discontinued Born Shoes lower foot, but not covering the Discontinued Born Shoes ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself Discontinued Born Shoes consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers

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made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is Discontinued Born Shoes secured by laces or zippers, although Discontinued Born Shoes some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on. Men's shoes Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed: Balmorals: the vamp

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has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are

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attached; also known as "closed lacing".

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In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, Discontinued Born Shoes such as rubber-sole bluchers. Bluchers: the laces are tied to Discontinued Born Shoes two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; Discontinued Born Shoes also known as "open lacing". In England, the Discontinued Born Shoes Blucher is known as the Derby shoe. Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead

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of lacing Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings. Men's shoes can also be decorated in various ways: Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp. Cap-toes: Discontinued Born Shoes has an extra Discontinued Born Shoes layer Discontinued Born Shoes of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration. Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe Discontinued Born Shoes of the shoe is covered Discontinued Born Shoes with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might Discontinued Born Shoes be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's Discontinued Born Shoes guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007) Women's shoes There is Discontinued Born Shoes a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to Discontinued Born Shoes most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are: Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with Discontinued Born Shoes a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the instep. They

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are popular for warm-weather Discontinued Born Shoes wear, and Discontinued Born Shoes may be Discontinued Born Shoes seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel. High heels may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 Discontinued Born Shoes cm) or Gravity Defyer Shoes higher. They are Discontinued Born Shoes often seen as having Discontinued Born Shoes more sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) and Discontinued Born Shoes are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social Discontinued Born Shoes outings. Sneaker boot Discontinued Born Shoes and sneaker pump: a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it Discontinued Born Shoes a kind of novelty dress shoe. Either gender Women's sandals Clog Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather. Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and Discontinued Born Shoes various straps, Discontinued Born Shoes leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular Discontinued Born Shoes for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be Discontinued Born Shoes cooler than a closed-toed shoe would. Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with Discontinued Born Shoes black "saddle". Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers). Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck Lehigh Safety Shoes shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no Discontinued Born Shoes frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck. Boots: Discontinued Born Shoes Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are designed to be used Discontinued Born Shoes in times of bad Discontinued Born Shoes weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual Discontinued Born Shoes or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow Discontinued Born Shoes boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots. Slippers: For indoor Discontinued Born Shoes use, commonly worn with pajamas. Athletic shoes Men's and women's Discontinued Born Shoes athletic shoes and special function shoes often have less difference between Discontinued Born Shoes the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn Discontinued Born Shoes by either Discontinued Born Shoes sex. Emphasis Discontinued Born Shoes tends to be more on function than style. Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, Discontinued Born Shoes cloth, and/or Discontinued Born Shoes plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good Discontinued Born Shoes traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis. Running shoes: very similar Discontinued Born Shoes to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning. Track Discontinued Born Shoes shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats A shoe for the right foot. Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball. A shoe for the right foot. Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or

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"cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made Cinderella Shoes of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the Marc Ecko Shoes edge of each spike are much more common today (and

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are required on many golf courses since they cause less damage to the greens). Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder Cheap Skate Shoes rubber soles/heels so as not to Discontinued Born Shoes damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys. Climbing shoes: Discontinued Born Shoes a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically have Discontinued Born Shoes a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber Discontinued Born Shoes sole with an extended rubber rand. Hiking

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shoes or boots: usually have a Discontinued Born Shoes high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide Discontinued Born Shoes ankle support Discontinued Born Shoes on uneven terrain, with extra large Buster Brown Shoes traction on the sole. Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, Discontinued Born Shoes may have Discontinued Born Shoes air holes, may not be water proof. Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion. Ice skates Roller skates Inline skates Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the ski. Skateboarding shoes have flat Discontinued Born Shoes soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of

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padding to protect the Discontinued Born Shoes skateboarders feet. Cycling shoes are equipped with a Discontinued Born Shoes metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot. Snowshoes are Discontinued Born Shoes special shoes for walking in thick Discontinued Born Shoes snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational Discontinued Born Shoes purposes in winter. Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection. Orthopedic shoes Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and Discontinued Born Shoes anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet. Dance shoes Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These

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have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons

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that are tied to Discontinued Born Shoes the dancer's ankles. Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers Discontinued Born Shoes made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of leather, Discontinued Born Shoes with thicker material under the ball and Discontinued Born Shoes heel of Discontinued Born Shoes the foot, Discontinued Born Shoes and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that the foot can

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be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics that Discontinued Born Shoes cross over the top of the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, Discontinued Born Shoes or pale tan,

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although they may be made in specialty colours such as red Discontinued Born Shoes or blue. Jazz shoes. Blowfish Shoes These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to Discontinued Born Shoes provide both Discontinued Born Shoes flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot by laces or elastic inserts. Tango/flamenco dance shoes. Ballroom shoes. Discontinued Born Shoes They fall into two categories for the two genres of dances as defined by the Discontinued Born Shoes IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom Discontinued Born Shoes shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be finished with Discontinued Born Shoes a greater variety of Discontinued Born Shoes colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and Discontinued Born Shoes the soles are more Discontinued Born Shoes flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and Chef Shoes strapped. Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are Character Shoes a combination of a sneaker Discontinued Born Shoes and a dance shoe, Discontinued Born Shoes with a reinforced rubber toe. Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather,

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and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They Discontinued Born Shoes may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps. Foot

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thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh Discontinued Born Shoes colored foot thongs give Discontinued Born Shoes a dancer the appearance of having bare feet. Modern pointe shoes. Ballet shoes. Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by Discontinued Born Shoes acro dancers. Discontinued Born Shoes A foot thong, viewed from the underside. Work shoes Work shoes are designed to Discontinued Born Shoes stand heavy wear, Discontinued Born Shoes to protect the wearer, and provide Discontinued Born Shoes high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, Discontinued Born Shoes construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective Discontinued Born Shoes features may include steel-tipped Maury Shoes toes and soles or ankle guards. Historical shoes Footwear has been worn Discontinued Born Shoes for tens of thousands of Discontinued Born Shoes years. Shoes of the past include: Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century. Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep

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a person's feet Discontinued Born Shoes dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continued in use even into the early 20th Discontinued Born Shoes century. Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, Discontinued Born Shoes popular in Europe in the 1400s. Moccasins: the historical

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shoe of many North American Indian tribes. Maintenance Breaking-in: Some Discontinued Born Shoes shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, the material reforms Discontinued Born Shoes to fit the wearer's feet. The person Discontinued Born Shoes is said to have broken in the shoes. Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and Discontinued Born Shoes boots. Heel replacement: heels periodically Discontinued Born Shoes wear out. Not all shoes are designed to Discontinued Born Shoes enable this. Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Discontinued Born Shoes Not all shoes can have their soles replaced. Shoelace replacement. When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The Discontinued Born Shoes exception Discontinued Born Shoes can Discontinued Born Shoes be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into other raw Discontinued Born Shoes materials. See Nike Grind as an Discontinued Born Shoes example. Someone who makes or repairs shoes Transit Shoes in a shop is called a cobbler. Shoe etiquette In most parts of the world (Asia,

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Eastern Discontinued Born Shoes Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe Discontinued Born Shoes and Canada, as well as Discontinued Born Shoes Alaska) it

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is customary to remove shoes when entering a Discontinued Born Shoes house. In some areas of the United States, especially the Midwest, it Discontinued Born Shoes is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People Discontinued Born Shoes do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud Discontinued Born Shoes or snow into the house. For Discontinued Born Shoes some Discontinued Born Shoes societies, including those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests. In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea

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and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In addition, Discontinued Born Shoes in Thailand, Discontinued Born Shoes it is Discontinued Born Shoes an extreme Discontinued Born Shoes insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's head Discontinued Born Shoes or be placed over it. Although feet touching heads is Discontinued Born Shoes an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each Discontinued Born Shoes other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are Discontinued Born Shoes executed with the shin).

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