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BadGalsRadio has started this WIKI Style Page to enable the collection and publication of a living document on Rastafarianism and the Rastafarian Religious Culture; Music and News. We'll be updating the sections weekly; as well as adding Music Videos and News Clippings to Create a True Living RASTA-WIKI.
ALL Praises To His Imperial Majesty; Earths Rightful Ruler; The Negus Negast; Kebra Kenaste; In The Flesh Haile Selassie I - Everliving Everleading Rasta Newsmakers
Miracle of The Sun in Addis Abebe, Ethiopia - Jide Uwechia | Rasta Livewire
www.africaresource.com/rasta/sesostris-the-great-t... Miracle of The Sun in Addis Abebe, Ethiopia - Jide UwechiaPosted in Articles, News Reports, Prophet, Rastas by Don Jaide on April 15, 2008. Miracle of the Sun In Addis Abebe Ethiopia : Ring of Red Gold and Green around the Sun By Jide Uwechia According to newsreports, a halo of red gold and green colours hanging around the sun startled people in Ethiopia on April 13, 2008, with many seeing it as a miracle or a sign from God. According to scientists, this unheard of ring of red, gold and green light was supposedly caused by sunlight refracted by ice crystals. It hung in the sky around the sun for almost an hour before it finally faded and disappeared. The colours of the Ethiopian flag are red, gold and green. Rastafarians look on Ethiopia as their holy land and believe that its last King Emperor Haile Selassie I was the latest bodily incarnation of God on earth. The colours of the Rastafarian flag is red, gold and green. Some Rastafarians believe that the God-King will appear again in Ethiopia to rule the earth for the next millenia amidst a flare of red, gold and green colours. Thus, many Rastafarians view this occurence as a very special and significant sign. Some Ethiopians say it last appeared in 1991. Ethiopia celebrated the millenium (the year 2000) according to its ancient calendar on September 11 2007. It is believed that this Ethiopian millenium is indeed the real millenium touch stone given that Roman Catholic Popes including Pope Gregory had changed the original Julian calendar (derived from the original Egyptian/Ethiopian calendar) by adding 6 years and 9 months to it. Many expect that the new mellinium will change the negative system which has controlled life on earth dating from the last two millenia. Many followers of the Ethiopian Othordox Church who had gathered to welcome the visiting Patriarch of Alexandria, Pope Shenouda, viewed the phenomenon as a miracle, or at least a sign of a blessing from God. The highest authorities of the church itself appears to support the interpretation placed on the event by lay members. Pope Shenouda, the head/Patriarch of the Coptic Othordox Church which is closely affiliated with the Ethiopian Othordox Church believed it was a signal from above. “We accept any sign from God to encourage us in our way,” he said, “and confirm that we are going right in our way.” Abuna Paulos, the Patriarch of Ethiopian Othordox Church, gave thanks to God for the heavenly signs. “If God reveals himself from the sky,” he told a press conference, “we believers do not get surprised. We only rejoice and double our efforts to thank God. Thank you, God, for revealing a sign.” Many spiritualists in Ethiopia and abroad also consider this most unusual of astronomical events to be something significant, given the timing of the year, given the numerous prophesies of the old, and especially given the hallowed importance of Ethiopia as the birth place of humanity. ….. See: 2008/04/28 The world of a Rastafarian is a quiet, closed one. Lindile Sifile attempted a peek inside THE thunderous sound of djembe drums and African tambourine echoes through the clustered shacks of Silvertown informal settlement in Queenstown. The noise drowns the subdued voices of men and women chanting around the fire It’s 6am on a Tuesday and the weak rays of the rising sun battle to defrost the thin layer of ice covering car windows and grass. But the group, seemingly in a trance, appears oblivious to the icy weather. This is the gathering of Rastafarians – a group who live on the outskirts of society, stereotyped as reggae musicians and dope-smoking dreadlocked fellows. This week, Queenstown hosted its first national Rastafarian convention at the Batawi Quarters of the Eastern Cape Nyabinghi Order in Silvertown. Elsewhere across the world, Rastafarians united to celebrate Ethiopian ruler, Haile Selassie’s journey to Jamaica in 1966 – a milestone to his worshippers. This was Selassie’s – considered to be the religious symbol for God incarnate among the Rastafari movement – first meeting with the Rastafarian community outside Ethiopia and strengthened the bond among his followers. The Silvertown meeting started last Friday and continued until Thursday. The turnout was low, but some Rastafarians travelled from Knysna, Cape Town and Kimberly to mark the significance of the event. Some married couples hitch-hiked their way to Queenstown with their babies on their backs.
A few minutes later, the Rastas proceeded to their church, followed by drummers and their wives. The church, an iron and wood structure, is adorned with pictures of Selassie and red, gold and green colours abound – from the walls, drums to the clothes that are worn. In the centre stands an altar decorated with unrefined ganja, fruit, seven candles (representing the chief angels in the Bible) and more pictures of Selassie. This world is not easy to enter. It took two hours of interrogation on Friday night to explain why photographer Masi Losi and I were interested in attending the event. Eventually, by Sunday, we received permission to witness the ceremonies on condition that private meetings would not be recorded. To these folk, the seven- day conference symbolises the preservation of their faith and confirmation of their unity. Besides chanting throughout the night, the Rastafarians also conducted exhibitions and workshops to discuss internal issues. Ras Ikembe from Port Elizabeth acts as our guide to the closed world of Rastafarai. A married father of two, Ikembe has been a devoted Rastafarian for many years. Unlike other Rastas, he doesn’t speak with the Caribbean accent and seldom puffs ganja. His dreadlocks and the use of words like “overstand” (instead of understand) “brethren” (for brother), “Babylon” (trouble or the government) and “I-N-I” (meaning myself) are some of the things that mark him as a Rastafarian. Ikembe grew up in the Seventh Day Adventist church and was the only one of seven children who stepped outside the religion of his childhood. His father, a deeply devout Christian, could not accept his son’s decision. “He thought I was going to be a nuisance or a rascal but when we started to reason further and got much deeper into the bible we found some revelation. We asked ourselves some questions and what the bible meant to each of us. It was not about him telling me what to do. It was me talking about the bible. What do I see in it and what do I see happening around me,” explains Ikembe before sinking his teeth into a piece of fire-baked bread. Ikembe accepts that there is much misconception and confusion about Rastafarianism – whether it should be defined as a cult, religion or social movement. “It’s not a movement and it’s not a religion. It’s a way of life. Once you put it within religious context, it comes with certain affirmations like ‘thou shall not and thou shall’. Rasta is about accepting Selassie and respecting all living things.” The commercialisation of reggae music and the battle to have ganja legalised have also played a significant role in outsiders’ perceptions of Rastafarians. For many, Rastafarians are just about anyone with dreadlocks. But, of course, these days, the natty dreads have become a fashion statement. “Sometimes it pains us that people are using us to satisfy their needs and greed. But there’s nothing we can do about it. It just shows that Rastas are working in one way or the other. There will always be a difference between a Rastaman and a dreadlocked man. “Anyone can smoke Ganja and have dreadlocks but not everybody can be a Rasta,” says Ikembe. His wife, Sista Zukiswa is a business management student who owns her own business. Her role as a Rasta woman is to look after the wellbeing of her family and to preserve blackness within her community through the teachings of Selassie. “Besides that, we find that we have a greater duty because we’ve got children and our youth need to be schooled. Most of us were not privileged enough to get education and it gets difficult for the parent to pass education to the youth when the parent didn’t have education in the first place. “The duty to the rising sisters is to be educated. And not just to be educated but we must aim for higher education so we can pass it on to the community,” Zukiswa says. And, as with other religions, women Rastas seem to take a secondary role when it comes to matters of the church. There are certain rules that they have to adhere to – like covering their dreadlocks with scarves, wearing ankle-length dresses and being barred from the altar. In Silvertown, most of the women were cooking pap while the menfolk chanted inside the church. Sista Zukiswa however, defends this. “There’s nothing I do that I don’t want to do. As women we know our place. We are not in a race with men. When God created men He knew man would not survive on his own and formed a woman through his ribs. “We were not created at the same time which tells us that our roles wouldn’t be the same. In livity (life) it’s 50/50 but Rastafaria’s 50/50 is not the same as the 50/50 of Babylon (government). “I don’t see the need to be inside the church when my husband is already there because we are connected to the same spirit of our Emperor.” She is equally forthright about matters of family and responsibility. “Our faith is against abortion, child vaccination and the use of contraception. We believe those are the some of the things that brought about the problems that we have today. “Families are breaking up because of promiscuity and babies are dying of unknown diseases and young girls are falling pregnant, ” Zukiswa explains. Ras Judah Azania, who travelled from Cape Town, knows all about the prejudice against Rastafarians. Two years ago Ras Azania made headlines for fighting against the discrimination of his children by a Cape Town school which refused to register them as they didn’t have birth certificates. According to him, this was not only a violation of a child’s right to education, but ignorance by the government for shunning children who were not born in a hospital. “I had sleepless nights fighting the department of education. I wasn’t prepared to let my children suffer because my wife and I chose to have home-birth and why does the government want to keep us on tight leash by counting us,” says Ras Azania. His actions bore fruit as his children were later admitted. The case of Rastafarian lawyer Gareth Prince, who took the Cape Law Society to court in 2003 after he was threatened with expulsion for smoking ganja, will go down as one of the milestones in Rastafari faith. Ikembe says ganja plays a small part in their lives. “Not all of us Rastas smoke ganja. I’m an occasional smoker and today I’ve only had two puffs and that’s all I needed to get me through the day. To us, it is just for medicinal purposes and anything beyond that is an abuse of the herb that our master gave us.” Still, as I drove back to East London, I wondered whether my guide, Ikembe, had answered all my questions about the group of people to whom he belongs. A little window had opened yes, but the battle to have it opened left many questions unanswered. Jamaica Gleaner News - Yasus Afari presents book, album - Monday | April 2, 2007
www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070402/ent/ent1.... Yasus Afari presents book, album
Mel Cooke, Freelance Writer Yasus Afari presented prose and recorded poetry in 'Overstanding Rastafari: Jamaica's Gift to the World and Revolution Chapter 1 respectively to a large audience at the Undercroft, UWI, Mona, last Thursday evening. With Professor Carolyn Cooper of the Institute of Caribbean Studies/Reggae Studies Unit of the university hosting, the launch took on an academic and cultural tone. Guest speaker Dr. Clinton Hutton of the UWI delved deep into the book, while the Ascot High School Drummers, DYCR and Black Goddesses were among those who were on the musical and lyrical side of the evening. Before them, though, Professor Barry Chevannes placed Overstanding Rastafari in the context of previous works on the movement by its members and noted that "this is a work by a Rastafarian scholar who is interpreting for the non-Rastafarian audience his perspective. Not idiosyncratically his own, but the view of the movement on where Jamaica and the world are positioned at this time." Dr. Alfred Sangster of the University of Technology noted Afari's progress from his days at the then College of Arts, Science and Technology and, from even before that, noting "Yasus Afari has come a long way from the small mud hut" in which he was born. Hutton, who officially launched both book and album, concentrated largely on the former, saying "Yasus walks us through the genesis and origins of Rastafari, its values, ethics and belief systems." Quide to Rastafari "This book can be treated as a guide to Rastafari for the uninitiated the curious, the student," as well as "a reference text to be consulted on various issues related to Rastafari." He noted that Afari is not afraid to address sensitive issues, including that you don't have to be black to be Rasta, you don't have to be dread to be Rasta, does Rastafari need Christianity or the Bible to justify its existence? Is His Imperial Majesty elect of God or elect of himself and what ought to be the position of women in Rastafari? And after presentations by the Mystic Revelation of Rastafari, Ascot Drummers, DYCR, Black Goddesses, Royal African Soldiers and Mutabaruka, Flo O'Connor saying that she thinks of Yasus Afari as being one of the few who remember those who were there with them before he became a brand name," the author and recording artiste addressed the large audience at length. "Me is the original red dut bway from St. Elizabeth. Small people and small tings mus' get big," he said. "Is sociology lead I to the concept of Rastafari," he said, delving into the family unit. "We sey God have him wife. God have a whole heap a pickney an' him no have no woman?" he demanded rhetorically. After going through sections of Overstanding Rastafari, Yasus Afari said "a five year wut a research. And is 20-odd year I embrace Rastafari. I have been pregnant with this book for decades. It took five years of labour to give birth to this book." Jamaica Gleaner News - Yasus'to Jamaica - Saturday | April 14, 2007
www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070414/news/news... Yasus'to Jamaica Mark Dawes, Staff Reporter Rastafarian reggae poet Yasus Afari on March 29, launched his book Overstanding Rastafari: Jamaica's Gift to the World. In an interview with The Gleaner, the author spoke about his book and offered perspectives on Rastafari. The following is part one of that interview. What inspired the book in the first place? I think that once you are a part of a community, Rastafari and the Jamaican community in my case, you have a responsibility to seek to understand that community and the people with whom you co-exist in that community. You also have an equally important obligation, to make an effort to facilitate an understanding of you by the other people in the space you share. So in that regard, we think this book intends to address that balance. Seeking to overstand as well as to be overstood. When did the actual writing begin and when did it end? The actual writing began at least five years ago. It was wrapped up about February of this year. It was a labour of love. What would you say is the main point of the book? The main point of the book is really tolerance, overstanding, seeking to overstand and to be overstood as a social being. It is not really laced with Rasta jargon - but the thinking is we all share the same breath of life. At least we have that in common, let us base our thinking on even that one premise and work the others out. It was not surprising that Professor Barry Chevannes described the tone of the book as ecumenical - that is part of my nature and part of the thinking for writing the book. Why the 'ecumenical' thrust of the book? In the evolution of the book and in my research, the basis of religious and social thinking is really spirituality. And spirituality is really the pure, original, undiluted essence and design that the Creator intended for us as human beings. Religions are manmade institutions with the fundamental mandate of aiding and abetting the spiritual growth and development of human beings. When religion becomes subverted by power struggle and greed and collusion, envy and war, and colonial imposition and cultural imposition - then religion becomes corrupted, counterproductive. That is when you have to revisit the fundamentals of religion which is spirituality. Spirituality speaks to the network which connects us, one to the other, and our source, the Almighty, the Creator. The duty of Rastafari is not to invent another religion but to be a livity and help that realignment with spirituality. Are you saying Rastafari is a religion that is friendly to other religions? I am saying Rastafari is not a religion and need not be. It is unnecessary to invent another religion. I think we need to be a livity. Livity would mean the formula, the methodology to nurture life, sustain life and to enhance our social relationships ... and assessing all the needs of contemporary man. So it would be social, religious, political etc. I think that Christianity and the other religions can serve the religious needs of the Rastafarian community. How do you see prospects for harmonisation between Christianity and Rastafari? It is already there and is working itself out because, the name Haile Selassie I is the baptismal name of the Emperor. That was the name he used as his throne name on November 2, 1930. Therefore, Haile Selassie is a Christian who followed Christ. That is the fundamental, the underpinning of relationship between Rastafari and Christianity. My thinking is that Rastafari constitutes the roots of Christianity. If you take a walk with me and examine the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in its traditional form, and if you were to study the early Christian churches, and if you were to study genesis of the monastic life - then you would find remarkable evidence which would be substance to my claim that Rastafari constitutes the roots of Christianity. How then do you relate to the view that the emperor followed Christ but he did not see himself as deity? I understand that Rastafari embrace the emperor as deity. By virtue of the constitution of Ethiopia, and by virtue of the relationship which comes from the Judaic elements in the Ethiopian reality - there is a special relationship between church and state, between the physical and spiritual reality of the Ethiopian people. And on that very same basis, you find out that Haile Selassie is the father of the Ethiopian nation and people, Haile Selassie I by virtue of the constitution and this relationship we just alluded to, is sacred, indestructible ... and that in itself, suggests and speaks directly to the claim that the emperor is sacred, is divine. To what extent is this work theological? How does it treat ideas like sin, eternity, God? To answer your question, I borrow from Professor Barry Chevannes who wrote the foreword for the book. But merely to say that Overstanding Rastafari is an authentic source does not do justice to what is indeed a rich compendium of the principles that guide the development and spread of the Rastafari. Of even more striking significance, is the interpretive brilliance of the remarkable philosopher that is Afari. For example, his deduction that woman was created before man not only makes sense, but clarifies the need for 'the woman and man [to] rule and govern in oneness and equality of purpose'. Or his explanation of the singularity but at the same time the plurality of the divinityof Rastafari is a theological tour de force second to none. In harmony with what he is claiming, I am saying it is pretty much a broad theological overview as to how I and I interpret the concept of God, sin, the idea of morality, the idea of life ever living. I did not back away from sensitive issues like how Rastafarian community see the concept of death and so on. Let's talk about some of those concepts. What happens to Yasus when he dies? Yasus never dies. Nor will ever die. That is what we are about. I and I is about life immortal. I and I concept of what people call death, I think it is has been misconstrued about what I and I is about. Because in harmony of the knowledge me have of energy, which is ability to do work - energy cannot be created or destroyed but changed from one state of existence to the next. This is not what Rastafari say you know, this is what we adopt from the physicist ... I and I represent a capsule of energy. We were created in the expressed image of the Almighty God. The story in the Bible about Adam and Eve and sin - man was made with even physical immortality, but lost that ability when man transgressed. The idea of Christ or the idea of redemption and salvation speaks specifically to renewing that potential in man. And that is what I and I are about. The reality of Rastafari is to live that death must die because the formula of salvation ... is to perpetuate life eternally in harmony with the definition of energy since we are capsules of energy. So when you check it still, a lot of people are walking around and are dead. And a lot of people's bodies are cast into the ground and yet they live. The earth is very much alive, the earth everliving ... Man is physical, mental, spiritual. Matter exists in three forms - solid liquid and gas. Solid speaks to the physical, liquid is analogous to the concept of mental, and spiritual to the gas. So even one's intellectual work, continues beyond the physical existence. Also one's spiritual work transcends the limitations of physical and mental. So therefore man in essence is a spirit really that is clothed in the garment of flesh. The flesh is a vehicle for the spirit. Does Rastafari have anything akin to the Christian concept of heaven and hell? Yes and I speak to that in the book. I and I envision a earth and a government in the earth whereby mankind will not be harassed or interrogated by the challenge of evil and sin and death and destruction. And that is the Kingdom in the earth as it is in the heavens. Do you see man going where God is in terms of heaven or is it heaven coming on earth? I do not enjoy talking about God because the concept of God is so misconstrued. I talk about the Creator, the Source, the Beginner, the all there is being and the all there is. I do not like to divorce the Creator from the created, or divorce God from humanity. Without God, how would define and rationalise humanity? And then without humanity we would not have a concept of God I would like to think, or certainly not the concept we have now. Ras?•ta?•farian Lexi?•con Overstand: Perceive the meaning of; having good insight. Ascendant: Offspring, rising toward zenith. Boo-York: City in United States. Blind-garette: Cigarette, otherwise called cancer-stick or pope stick. I and I: I and those whose views I reflect and represent. The source of our existence and all others revolving in harmony around the Source/Centre. Mussessity: That which is required, of vital importance. Appreci-love: To regard with (genuine) love and affection Full-ticipate: Wholehearted involvement, take full entitlement of, fully involved. Full-joy: Take delight or pleasure in; joyous fulfillment, give joy to. Merry-macka: The thorny injustices, looseness and racism of the United States. Taken from Overstanding Rastafari: Jamaica's Gift to the World by Yasus Afari (More next week) Yasus Afari may be reached at yasusafari@yahoo.com. Send feedback on Mind & Spirit to mark.dawes@gleanerjm.com. Artist Spotlight
One of Jamaica's premier dub poets, Yasus Afari delivers
conscious lyrics over a variety of beats ranging from Roots to Dancehall. He's spent much of his time working with Garne ... More Yasus Afari Featured TracksExplore all 2 available tracks by viewing albums on the left USATODAY.com - Rastafarian conference draws all kinds
www.usatoday.com/news/world/2003-07-17-rastafarian... Rastafarian conference draws all kinds
KINGSTON,
Jamaica (AP) — With his shoulder-length dreadlocks and knitted cap,
Patrick Nyfeler was like most people Thursday at the Global Rastafarian
Reasoning Summit — except for one small detail.
"I'm not black," said Nyfeler, 24, of Zurich, Switzerland. Founded by descendants of African slaves in response to black oppression, Rastafarianism has attracted a new and unexpected following among white Americans, Europeans and Asians. Most got a warm welcome among blacks at the conference in Jamaica — the birthplace of the religion where 90% of islanders are black. But some resentment was evident. Nyfeler said a woman shoved a chair at him Wednesday when he tried to snap a souvenir photo of her — a sign of disrespect among Rastas who complain that white-owned businesses routinely exploit Rastafarian imagery to sell everything from T-shirts to tourism. "Having lived under colonialism, there's an instinctive reaction to white skin that is going to take stages for us to overcome," said Adugo Ranglin-Onuora of Kingston. "That's the reality." The conference, which ends next week, has drawn Rastas from all over the Caribbean, Europe, Africa and the United States, and has included spiritual talks, drumming and copious amounts of marijuana, even though it's illegal here. Police have kept their distance. Besides the well-known ritual use of marijuana, Rastas practice a strict oneness with nature, eating only unprocessed foods and leaving their hair to grow, uncombed, into dreadlocks. Though there are no restrictions to becoming a Rasta, the faith's devout "Back to Africa" belief and disdain for white Western culture has led some to label it racist. "You have some ... who only want black people, but all of us are of one blood," said 72-year-old Vivian Key Stewart, a black Jamaican whose calf-length dreadlocks have turned yellow with time. The faith emerged in the 1930s and its message was carried across the world by the reggae music created by masters Bob Marley and Peter Tosh. Believers say about 700,000 people practice it worldwide, but no one knows how many are among Jamaica's 2.6 million people. Nyfeler, a student in Jamaica studying English, said he began adopting Rasta ways four years ago after meeting Jamaican immigrants in Zurich and listening to reggae. But he admitted an occasional indulgence in pork and other meat, something strictly prohibited by the faith. "Before I came, I was worried about how they would see me," said Nyfeler, clouded by a haze of marijuana smoke. "But when I look into their eyes, I can see that they really accept me." Jamaica Gleaner News - Mind and Spirit - Yasus' gift to Jamaica (Pt 2) - Saturday | April 21, 2007
www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070421/lead/lead... Mind and Spirit - Yasus' gift to Jamaica (Pt 2)
Rastafarian reggae poet Yasus Afari, 45, on March 29, launched his book Overstanding Rastafari: Jamaica's Gift to the World. In an interview with The Gleaner, the author spoke about his book and offered perspectives on Rastafari. The following is part two of that interview. You don't like to talk about God per se as you believe the concept is misconstrued. You prefer to talk about God in terms of the Creator, the Source, the Beginner. Could you elaborate further? I don't think we should divorce humanity from divinity. We like to consider a perpetual relationship between the Creator and the created. So, therefore, wherever Jah is, him not leaving him family because God is a family man. And the Goddess is a family woman. Even the concept of matter exists in three fundamental forms - this speaks to the concept of the Trinity. The Trinity is Father, Mother and Children. Most people enjoy saying Father, Son and Holy Ghost. Well me never harass them on that really - because we can rationalise that also. But the idea of a Father speaks to the idea of a Mother - so we need not repeat that. It is still contained in that triune. The idea of a Son again speaks to the idea of parents - father and mother. The idea of Father and Mother speaks to the idea of a Daughter. The Holy Spirit speaks to the idea of that invisible dimension which moves and quickens and corrects the human fraternity. So, therefore, we don't escape the concept of the triune Father, Mother and Children ... The human family existed before the creation of the physical dimension. Genesis speaks to the addition of another dimension. Even when the Almighty said, "Let us create ... ", God was not a madman to be talking to himself. (And even if he were talking to himself, himself is divided into facets and aspects.) Therefore we think that God did tired to be walking naked so he wanted some clothes. Just like how human being were tired to walk naked so they wanted some fig leaves. So the earth is only a small part of the universe in a little corner. The universe is not the only existence either. How do you know that? We know that by scientific evidence. But science only judges what is in the universe. Exactly - but listen this now. Everything that is within is without and everything that is singular is plural. It is what we know that gives us the idea of the unknown. Therefore, let us examine what we have then we can examine what we don't have. Let usexamine what we know which will give us an insight into what is unknown. Do you have any views concerning the whereabouts of the Ark of the Covenant? It is in Ethiopia. How can you be certain of that? How I can be certain is maybe to see it physically. But then I have visited there and I have interviewed the priests and the levites and government officials. This will also be clear to you if you study the Bible and the Kebra Negast, human society - contemporary and traditional - and you examine the role played by religious and spiritual communities over time, and if you examine that in the context of Ethiopia. From the Rastafarian perspective the Emperor Haile Selassie I is the living Ark of the Covenant. This becomes clearer if you study the reference to Mary as Mt. Zion - it speaks to the idea that a womb shall bear the Ark of the Covenant in flesh. It did say in St. John chapter one verse one - "In the beginning was the word and the word was with God and the word was God." Do you have a church background? There are two ways I can answer that. I and I has been and still continues to be a member of the church because I and I structure is the temple of the Almighty God. I and I grow up in the Shiloh Apostolic Church in St. Elizabeth where I was baptised. What does the name Yasus Afari mean? Yasus Afari means a gift of vision. What was the name you were known by before you were known as Yasus Afari? Well mama give I the name John Sinclair. And 'John' is also synonymous with vision. Do you think there has been a demise in lyrics of popular Jamaican music because of a decline in the influence of Rastafarians on reggae and dancehall music? There is no question that popular music has deteriorated in large measure because persons have taken the Rasta livity out of the music. Rasta represent the morals of the music. These little youths want to wine in bed with three girls all at once ... These kinds of utterances which have become second nature onthe lips of the youths and the children - is actually a monster being created. Legitimate resistance is different from crime, decadence and corruption ... Even so-called Rastas are guilty of these things - I write a book like this fi mek a man know sey Rasta nuh promote immorality, slackness and nastiness in whatever guise or label it want to wear. As a senior artiste and luminary in the local Rastafarian community, can't you sit down and have a talk with some of the younger deejays to urge them to purify their lyrics? Or have you been doing so? I and I do that consistently. I do that one to one. I don't fraid to rebuke them publicly or privately. Open rebuke better than secret love. But I think it is a principled thing to approach a person on a one-on-one basis if given the opportunity and the gravity of the situation does not necessitate an open rebuke ... I am one of the few people who come out and rebuke Bounty Killer and Beenie Man publicly ... And them don't have any animosity to me. It is sacrilegious to use the music to bring down the morals of the people. What do you make of someone like Judy Mowatt who was a member of the Rastafarian community and who now says Jesus is the only way and Selassie is not God? Well, me address that gospel twist in a chapter called Language and Music. Sister Judy Mowatt, she grow up maybe under the Christian influence and then the Rastafarian movement overwhelmed. My personal take on it is that in her moment of difficulties, the Rastafarian community was not there for her. She became disillusioned and the Christian community reached out to her and embraced her. And she was seduced as a consequence ... We should not throw scorn and ridicule on Sister Judy Mowatt who is seeking out her personal salvation in harmony, I hope, with the dictates of her conscience ... We must reach out to her and love her same way as we did not in her moment of grief. Let us be there for her now - not in competition with her present stance with the community she is embracing now. But do so as fellow members of the human family and the Jamaican family. What do you think church people should take away from a reading of your book? People in general and church people in particular should take a page out of Overstanding Rastafari knowing that God don't have malice with human beings. It is because human beings so out of order why maybe the communication and connection with the Almighty is not as robust and energetic as it ought to be. Therefore, don't trample your thoughts and inspiration in the ground. No one can teach you anything. They can only remind you of what is already there. Therefore, we need to revisit facets and aspects of the reality that we are out of touch with. And bring our thoughts and visions into reality and realise our purpose and potential in life. Don't be afraid to proclaim the thoughts and inspiration in harmony with the good voice inside of you. The religious communities are only concerning themselves with what they have learnt is religious or spiritual. We must rationalise and harmonise the physical with the spiritual, the clergy with the laity. This is where the Church blunders. We have to concern ourselves with the liberation of a people.This man whom they claim to follow - Jesus Christ - is indeed a revolutionary and liberator. He did not sleep in bed with those who oppress the people. But he let his voice stand and he was willing to go to the cross in the defence of truth and right and justice and fair play and judgement and righteousness over corruption and good over evil. So if there is any page me would offer them is that page. Yasus Afari may be reached at yasusafari@yahoo.com. Send feedback on Mind & Spirit to mark.dawes@gleanerjm.com. Batican ?• n. Papal state in Rome. Crownation ?• n. The prophetic and historic crowning of His Imperial Majesty - November 2, 1930. Deadas ?• n. Dead (animal) flesh used as food. Frienemy ?• n. Person pretending to be a friend, while being an enemy or hypocritical friend. Incient ?• adj. Belong to times long past; beyond memory; civilised nations of antiquity. Initate ?• v. Using the mind to gain access to knowledge and overstanding. Initrate ?• v. Pass through, find access into or through; imbue; absorbed by the mind. Iserve ?• v. Perform duly, perceive; become conscious of; examine keenly. Livet ?• n. Natural wholesome food to preserve the temple; ital, vital food. Raspect ?• v. Regard with esteem, courtesy or honour; treat with consideration. Taken from Overstanding Rastafari: Jamaica's Gift to the World by Yasus Afari
Cannabis: US Doctors Now Agree That Herb is the Healing of the Nation | Rasta Livewire
www.africaresource.com/rasta/sesostris-the-great-t... Cannabis: US Doctors Now Agree That Herb is the Healing of the NationPosted in Rastas by Don Jaide on February 16, 2008. Doctors group backs marijuana for medical uses WASHINGTON (Reuters) - A leading U.S. doctors group has endorsed using marijuana for medical purposes, urging the government to roll back a prohibition on using it to treat patients and supporting studies into its medical applications. The American College of Physicians, the second-largest doctors group in the United States, issued a policy statement on medical marijuana this week after it was approved by its governing body, the group said on Friday. The group cited evidence that marijuana is valuable in treating severe weight loss associated with AIDS, and nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy in cancer patients. “Additional research is needed to clarify marijuana’s therapeutic properties and determine standard and optimal doses and routes of delivery. Unfortunately, research expansion has been hindered by a complicated federal approval process, limited availability of research-grade marijuana and the debate over legalization,” the group said. The Philadelphia-based group, founded in 1915, is made up of 124,000 doctors who treat adults. “The richness of modern medicine is to carefully evaluate new treatments. Marijuana has been in a special category because of, I suppose, its abuses and other concerns,” Dr. David Dale, the group’s president and a University of Washington professor of medicine, said in a phone interview. ‘SCIENCE SHOULD BE KEPT OPEN’ David Murray, the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy’s chief scientist, said, “The science should be kept open. There should be more research. We should continue to investigate.” The policy statement said, “ACP encourages the use of nonsmoked forms of THC (the main psychoactive element in marijuana) that have proven therapeutic value.” It also backed research into additional therapeutic uses of marijuana. The government should review marijuana’s status as a so-called schedule I controlled substance, alongside such drugs as LSD and heroin, given scientific evidence of its safety and efficacy for some medical conditions, the doctors group said. It called for exempting doctors who prescribe or dispense medical marijuana in accordance with state law from federal criminal prosecution and other actions. It also urged protection from criminal penalties for patients who use medical marijuana as permitted under state laws. A dozen states have laws allowing the use of marijuana for medical purposes. But supporters of medical marijuana accuse the federal government of undermining those state laws by having Drug Enforcement Administration agents raid medical marijuana providers. Rob Kampia, executive director of the Marijuana Policy Project, which urges legal and regulated sales of marijuana, said, “This statement by America’s second-largest doctors group demolishes the myth that the medical community doesn’t support medical marijuana.” “The ACP’s statement smashes a number of other myths, including the claims that adequate substitutes are available or that marijuana is unsafe for medical use,” Kampia added. http://www.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUSN1560610120080215 Jamaica Gleaner News - Rastafarian temple raided in London - Saturday | April 14, 2007
www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070414/news/news... Rastafarian temple raided in London Deon P Green, Gleaner Writer London, England: A Rastafarian temple in south London, which was a place of worship for Jamaican icon Bob Marley in the 1970s, is facing closure after a police raid which led to the discovery of drugs and weapons earlier this week. Reports reaching The Gleaner are that, after months of surveillance, the Rastafarian temple in St. Agnes Place, south London, was raided by approximately 100 police officers. The raid uncovered six kilogrammes of cannabis and a quantity of crack cocaine, as well as six rounds of ammunition under a floorboard. Twenty three persons were arrested on suspicion of drug dealing. Conflicting reports There are conflicting reports as to how the temple was being used, However, The Gleaner understands that individuals had been worshipping during the same week the raid was carried out and that it had been in use constantly for religious purposes. Police said they were targeting a "hard-core" of 12 suspected drug dealers, and video surveillance showed one man waving a gun in the street. The police say the temple had become so well known as a drugs superstore that customers travelled to it from across the south-east and that, in the past eight weeks, up to 200 people have been arrested on leaving the premises - 80 per cent of those arrested were found to be in possession of drugs. A crowd of about 20 Rastafarians descended on the temple following the raid and made their feelings clear about the nature of the police operation. Shouts of "racists" were directed towards officers conducting the search. A Rastafarian who has lived in the area said, "There is no one taking crack there, the authorities are just trying to bring down the house of Rastafari." BadGalsRadio ~ I-riginal 100%GalBassed RooticalTruth › Create New Post — WordPress
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Jamaica Gleaner - Positive vibrations Mbeki, Rastas promise to work together - Wednesday | July 2, 2
www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20030702/lead/lead... Positive vibrations Mbeki, Rastas promise to work together By Trudy Simpson, Staff Reporter MAKING GOOD on a promise he made on Monday, President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki yesterday met with Rastafarians from 13 different groups to hear their various concerns. Among the issues raised was what they saw as the poor treatment of Winnie Mandela, the former wife of former South African president, Nelson Mandela. Mrs. Mandela, one of the leaders in the anti-apartheid movement, which helped to destroy the white supremacy system in place in South Africa up to the early 1990s, was recently convicted on fraud and theft charges in a bank scam in that country. Media and some Rastafarian members were barred from attending the closed-door meeting, which started around 8:30 a.m. and lasted for more than 30 minutes. At the end of it, President Mbeki said that he and the groups have agreed to work together in some respects and some Rastas said there was a better understanding of certain issues. "They were presenting various issues such as agricultural development in Jamaica, better conduct on the African continent and so now, we have agreed to work together on that," Mr. Mbeki said, in a very brief interview, following the meeting, which was held at the Jamaica Pegasus Hotel in New Kingston. On Monday, during Mr. Mbeki's visit to National Heroes Park, several protesting Rastafarians asked the president to take care of Mrs Mandela and highlighted their concerns about some negative African events. Placard-bearing Rastas also heckled the President by shouting Winnie Mandela's name as he attended a ceremony at Mandela Park later in the day during which he was given the Key to the City of Kingston. It was at this ceremony that Mr. Mbeki indicated that he would meet with them. Masmian "Ras Cush" Douglas, an executive of the Jamaican Ethiopian Peace Foundation, an umbrella organisation representing 13 Rastafarian "mansions", said Rastafarians were given a thorough background on the Mandela case. They were asked to let the law take its course and that there would be further discourse on other issues once their delegation makes a planned visit to Africa later this month. The Rastafarians also brought to Mr. Mbeki's attention their concerns about reparations and repatriation, water supply and environmental degradation. They also gave solutions to ease pollution and made suggestions about the use of hemp in industry. "We were given positive assurance and now we can work hand in hand for ourselves and our children's children," said Abuna Stedrick Whyte of the Haile Selassie Rastafari Royal Ethiopian Judah Coptic Church. Jamaica Gleaner - Rastafari in corporate Jamaica - Monday | October 31, 2005
www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20051031/flair/fla... Rastafari in corporate Jamaica Tesi Johnson, Gleaner Writer
"Tell me how come, here in Jamaica, so many people still a fight Rasta?" - Morgan Heritage
AFTER BEING banished to the fringes of society for over 30 years, Rastafari has yet to become wholly accepted by the wider Jamaican public. Though the doctrine and practices of the faith are almost synonymous with Jamaican culture, the bigotry that they still face here is undeniable. Corporate Jamaica in particular, seems determined to keep Rastafari out of their perfect circle, as they discriminate against Rastas who seek employment in favour of their 'bald head' counterparts. The icon of the 'natty dreadlocks' is a far cry from the clean-cut image of the corporate world, and it seems as if corporate Jamaica is doing what it can to preserve that image by marginalising Rastas. And even if men sport locks as a hairstyle rather than a symbol of their religion, they still face discrimination in the corporate corridors. Flair spoke with a representative of a major financial entity in Kingston and she laughed with scorn at the mention of the Rastafari's place in the corporate world. She had no qualms about saying: "Rasta cannot work in any bank." It is sad, but true. Though many companies do not have a formal "no locks" policy, it is evident that a rule need not be written in stone for it to be in effect. Nonetheless there are those who, despite the seemingly insurmountable odds, have been able to carve their niche in the workplace and prove once and for all that hairstyle or doctrine, do not predetermine ability to perform well in the work world. Three of those flourishing Rastas shared their story with the Flair. Matthew Morrison - Cyber Centre Manager "I have been a Rastafarian all my life, but I've only been growing my locks for the past four years. At my current place of employment my co-workers don't have a problem, my previous boss's husband is Rastafarian, so she didn't have a problem, and my current boss hasn't made any comments. However some customers do harass me. They are often surprised about how knowledgeable I am about computers. They often say, "Mi neva know Rasta know how fi use computer. These are the same people who I have to teach how to use it. I was once told by a representative from a major banking entity in Jamaica, 'if you have any aspirations of working here or in any such company, you must cut your locks'. So I know personally that no bank will ever hire me because I will never cut mine. Nonetheless, I am confused as to how my hair will interfere with my performance. There are those who choose to cut their locks to attain or retain a job, but I don't bash them because times are hard and many people are struggling so sometimes you have to do what is necessary. You don't have to wear locks to be a Rasta; as the song by Morgan Heritage says "it's a divine conception of the heart." Morrison told Flair that it was unfortunate that there were many misconceptions about Rastafarians that may have contributed to the discrimination against us in the workplace. One common belief is that all Rastas or persons who sport locks do is smoke weed, make brooms and sell carpet, and don't know much of anything else. In light of this, they have to make an extra effort to show what they can do. "Certain places for sure won't be hiring any Rastas, but we have representatives in many well respected disciplines like law, and medicine." Marcus Goffe - Attorney-at-Law "I have never experienced any open discrimination, just a few insignificant comments here and there. Both my parents are lawyers, so the fact that I am a child of lawyers may have contributed to the ready acceptance of me in the law profession. Additionally, after having completed law school, I took up my internship in the courts and became known to members of the profession. However, I must acknowledge that there are those who face adversity in corporate Jamaica because of their locks. I find it unfortunate that our own society has not evolved to a state where locks are as acceptable as any other hairstyle. To avoid this bias, some may choose to cut their locks and though I wouldn't do the same, the reality is that jobs aren't easy to get, so it's a struggle and self-sacrifice to do so in order to meet your responsibilities. Furthermore, I don't think that wearing locks is fundamental to the Rastafarian doctrine." Goffe further stated that Rastafarians have traditionally been rebellious, and people fear that. Otherwise, people hold misconceptions that propel the stigma. Many believe that locks are dirty and unkempt, and that Rastas are lazy and don't like to work. To try and overcome these obstacles he encourages Rastafarians to attain their educational qualifications, so that they are marketable in the corporate world and thus have a better chance at overcoming people's prejudices. "In essence, you may have to work harder to prove yourself. Also keep in mind, the insightful words spoken by Paul Elliot: "Self-reliance is the highest science." Jamaica Gleaner News - A 'perfect' man (Part 1) - Monday | April 16, 2007
www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070416/news/news... A 'perfect' man (Part 1)
Paul H. Williams, Gleaner Writer When Emperor Haile Selassie I visited Jamaica on April 21, 1966, it was alleged that many who had gone to see him collapsed on to the tarmac at the Norman Manley International Airport. They were expecting to see a big, strapping black-skinned man disembarking the plane. But, what they saw was a diminutive light-skinned Abyssinian with small piercing eyes. And, they foamed at the mouth. Well, so I heard. However, I didn't do any such theatrics when I saw the protagonist in this story. I was guided by history. Over the phone, he told me though he was dark brown, he looked very much like Selassie I. In fact, he claimed he was Selassie I reincarnated. The 'reincarnation' took place in December 1966, almost nine months after Selassie I left Jamaica, when a baby, named Wayne Saunders, was born at Victoria Jubilee Hospital in Kingston. Six years after, he went to Jones Town Primary School, where he was the school bully. From there, he went to Charlie Smith Comprehensive High School, where the bullying continued. But just like Saul on the road to Damascus, he was to be converted. One evening after school, Wayne met a Rastaman at a bus stop in downtown Kingston. This chance encounter changed his outlook on life, and he became a member of the Ethiopia Africa Black International Congress (Bobo Church), at Bull Bay, St. Andrew, which he still attends today. Confirmed Rastafarian At age 16, he became a confirmed Rastafarian, and he began to grow dreadlocks. He re-embraced his spirituality, which he claimed had been dormant for a while. "A was born a spiritual person, but somewhere along the line I got contaminated - working with the devil - but a not sinning anymore," he admitted. Psalm 119 is his guide, as he uses the Word as a 'light unto his feet and a lamp unto his path'. For him, Rastafari is the true faith. Obedience to the 10 commandments and observing the holy days are some of his beliefs. As a Rastaman, he believes in God, and that Selassie I is God. But Wayne is no ordinary Rasta; he claimed he has four eyes, the physical two, the one in his heart and the one in his mind. He said, "My physical eyes are limited, but my spiritual eyes are not limited, they can see at a distance." As such, he's into the realms of seeing spirits and visions. Seeing spirits and visions have been a reality in his life from his early youth. In some of these visions, he had seen pestilences trying to attack him. They occur anytime at night, anytime at day. He said, on one occasion when he went to bed and left his grille open, he heard a spirit saying, "Wake up, wake up, and go and lock the grille!" He got up just in time to see 'a man a come through the gate, a strange face man, and a strange face woman', who disappeared upon seeing him. To him these were evil spirits. Visions "I have been having these visions for many years, but I couldn't understand them, I couldn't interpret them - sometimes when I get some visions, I get scared because I didn't understand it - and a just start find myself speaking in tongues, and couldn't understand it until the interpretations come," he recollected. One such interpretation is that "the Father and the Son are one, the Father and the Son be a witness of everything, there is nothing done on this Earth without a witness." Now, he is no longer scared of these visions. He understands them and can interpret them. But, the vision that really changed how he viewed himself was the one in which the angel told him he was the Anointed, just as David was. The news of his anointing came when 'one night I get a vision, the angel come to me and give me a white piece of paper - and when him give me the paper and a tek the paper outta him hand, and a look pon it, a see nothing write on it, him give me another paper - and I see nothing write up on it, and him give another paper - and I see nothing write on it and him say to me that, 'You are Christ, you are Christ!' He emphasised, "I don't think I am the Anointed, I know I am the Anointed. "In the morning when I wake up, my little daughter look up at me and say, "My Lord you know that you are Selassie I, you know that you are the Almighty God in flesh, you know when the spirit talk to you, you must be obedient to the spirit?" At the time, she was about four years old. Now, He is the Anointed and Selassie I in one. "I don't think I am Selassie, I know I am Selassie," he stoutly declared. And, to those who might want to question his sanity as a result of this declaration, he said, "I would react to them with open arms and a warm spirit because you see once you don't know something you are going to be ignorant of it." This ignorance of which he spoke perhaps was the beginning of the end of Zekes, the former Matthews Lane Don. In one of his visions, he got a message about Zeke's imminent downfall. The message was to tell Zekes to repent lest he be dethroned, and if he did not, he was not going to know himself until he was in captivity. He went to warn Zekes, but he could not get through the impregnable human shield that surrounded the strongman. "The brethren them who was around him don't want me to see him because when a carry the message and write what the Lord told me to tell Zekes to stop tell lie, to repent, to cleanse him hand from the bloodshed, they took the message and the Bible from me. But when they read the message and see what was in the message they were disturbed and ask me to leave, so I left." But Matthews Lane did not know whom they turned away. It was the man who said, "I am 100 per cent God and 100 per cent man in flesh. I am the Messiah who you read about in Malachi Chapter 4 about Elijah, I am Elijah The Prophet who the Father send to warn the people before the great and terrible day of his judgement." Fair share of judgement Wayne Saunders has had his fair share of judgement from people who cannot understand his utterances. They are not concerned about his complexities. That's perhaps why this divorced father of three was taken to Bellevue Hospital several times. But, he said he was not mad. He believes he's generally misunderstood, and his children tend to agree. He described the relationship with them as 'excellent', more so with his daughter whom he raised from she was three years old. He said, "She always told me that she see me as her father and her mother - and they don't think I am crazy." So, if he is not as crazy as many persons think he is, then his complexity is of great human interest. Because, his story has many dimensions. Today, we looked at two - the personal and the spiritual. Next week, we conclude it with the strange and the perfect. You would want to know about his descent into the realms of demons, what he did to his father and one of his dogs, and how he feels about sex, celibacy, nudity and masturbation, as he struggles to be the perfect man. bludums@yahoo.com Jamaica Gleaner News - Dreadlocked Miss Jamaica puts Rastas in new light - Monday | May 21, 2007
www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070521/ent/ent2.... Dreadlocked Miss Jamaica puts Rastas in new light
MEXICO CITY (Reuters): With dreadlocks down to below her buttocks, the first Rastafarian to compete for the Miss Universe title is out to smash the stereotype that Rastas are only interested in reggae and marijuana. Zahra Redwood, 25, and the first Miss Jamaica to be crowned from the country's minority Rastafarian faith, is also shaking up a years-old view among many Rastas that beauty pageants should be shunned as degrading to women. "Not all Rastafarians smoke" marijuana, Redwood, a classically beautiful Jamaican with a degree in biotechnology and zoology, told Reuters. "People criticise what they don't know or understand and develop preconceptions, and so given that, I have gone against what they've developed as a stereotype," said Redwood, who is in Mexico for the Miss Universe final on May 28 in Mexico City. Rastafarians, who worship the late Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie as a God they call 'Jah' - stress peace, love, spiritual goals and natural living, Redwood said, denying a clash between Rasta culture and being a beauty queen. "The Rastafarian culture and beauty pageants have a great deal in common because they both promote decorum in the attitude of the female and the female as a role model in society. You're looking at beauty of the mind, body and soul," she said. Rather than discrimination, the main reason for a dearth of Rasta beauty queens on the international circuit is the movement's rejection of the more corrupt or gaudy facets of modern society, which they call "Babylon," Redwood said. MADE FAMOUS BY BOB MARLEY Made famous around the world by Bob Marley's reggae songs, the Rasta culture emphasises human dignity and self-respect. "Rastafarians have been a very conservative group so modelling and pageants have been considered Babylonian to some extent," Redwood said. But the reaction from fellow Rastafarians to her competing to be Miss Universe against women from some 75 other countries has been overwhelmingly positive, partly because black women with dreadlocks are so rarely seen in beauty contests, she said. "They've been very, very happy for what they consider a psychological breakthrough. For them it's a huge thing," Redwood said. The Rastafari movement was born in Jamaica in the 1930s after Haile Selassie's coronation in Ethiopia. Followers started to worship Haile Selassie, who died in 1975, as a type of messiah, in light of a 1920 prophecy by Jamaican civil rights leader Marcus Garvey that a black man would be crowned king in Africa. Roughly a tenth of Jamaicans are Rastafarians, many of whom also take literally a biblical verse in the book of Leviticus that instructs against taking a razor to one's head. In the Miss Universe 2007 line-ups, Redwood's twisty black dreadlocks, often massed into a huge bun, stand out from the lacquered manes of the other contestants. "For the final I'm still not sure what style I will go with. But of course the locks have to show,"she said. Smoking marijuana, known in Jamaica as ganja, is a sacred rite for many Rastas, but Redwood said she does not smoke it. 'People criticise what they don't know or understand and develop preconceptions.' USATODAY.com - Rastafarian conference draws all kinds
www.usatoday.com/news/world/2003-07-17-rastafarian... Rastafarian conference draws all kinds
KINGSTON, Jamaica (AP) — With his shoulder-length dreadlocks and knitted cap, Patrick Nyfeler was like most people Thursday at the Global Rastafarian Reasoning Summit — except for one small detail.
"I'm not black," said Nyfeler, 24, of Zurich, Switzerland. Founded by descendants of African slaves in response to black oppression, Rastafarianism has attracted a new and unexpected following among white Americans, Europeans and Asians. Most got a warm welcome among blacks at the conference in Jamaica — the birthplace of the religion where 90% of islanders are black. But some resentment was evident. Nyfeler said a woman shoved a chair at him Wednesday when he tried to snap a souvenir photo of her — a sign of disrespect among Rastas who complain that white-owned businesses routinely exploit Rastafarian imagery to sell everything from T-shirts to tourism. "Having lived under colonialism, there's an instinctive reaction to white skin that is going to take stages for us to overcome," said Adugo Ranglin-Onuora of Kingston. "That's the reality." The conference, which ends next week, has drawn Rastas from all over the Caribbean, Europe, Africa and the United States, and has included spiritual talks, drumming and copious amounts of marijuana, even though it's illegal here. Police have kept their distance. Besides the well-known ritual use of marijuana, Rastas practice a strict oneness with nature, eating only unprocessed foods and leaving their hair to grow, uncombed, into dreadlocks. Though there are no restrictions to becoming a Rasta, the faith's devout "Back to Africa" belief and disdain for white Western culture has led some to label it racist. "You have some ... who only want black people, but all of us are of one blood," said 72-year-old Vivian Key Stewart, a black Jamaican whose calf-length dreadlocks have turned yellow with time. The faith emerged in the 1930s and its message was carried across the world by the reggae music created by masters Bob Marley and Peter Tosh. Believers say about 700,000 people practice it worldwide, but no one knows how many are among Jamaica's 2.6 million people. Nyfeler, a student in Jamaica studying English, said he began adopting Rasta ways four years ago after meeting Jamaican immigrants in Zurich and listening to reggae. But he admitted an occasional indulgence in pork and other meat, something strictly prohibited by the faith. "Before I came, I was worried about how they would see me," said Nyfeler, clouded by a haze of marijuana smoke. "But when I look into their eyes, I can see that they really accept me." Link Us in the GooglePagesDirectoryLink Us in The Googlepages Directory.com
LiveLeak.com - The Lost Tribe of Israel Spoted in South Africa?
www.liveleak.com/view?i=548_1178874519 Jamaica Gleaner News - Super Plus adds 'Overstanding Rastafari' to library's trolley - Friday | June
www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070615/ent/ent3.... Super Plus adds 'Overstanding Rastafari' to library's trolley
Mel Cooke, Freelance Writer Nourishment for the brain fused with nourishment for the body on Tuesday morning, as Super Plus Food Stores officially handed over several copies of poet Yasus Afari's book, Overstanding Rastafari: Jamaica's Gift to the World, to the Jamaica Library Service (JLS). The books were purchased by Super Plus, to be placed by the JLS. And the servings of literature, delivered at the JLS's Tom Redcam Avenue, St. Andrew, headquarters, will go a long way. Patricia Cuff, acting director-general of the JLS, pointed out that there are over 600 service points across the island, including the mobile service which makes over 500 stops. In addition, the JLS services over 900 schools. "From the library's perspective it presents valuable information as to themeaning behind what we have, as a people, not understood or overstood, the meaning, the motivation, the direction in which the movement is headed," Cuff said. "It is indeed a fortuitous moment," she said, adding that she remembered Super Plus' head Wayne Chen from the Portland Parish Library and the JLS's reading competition. Chen confirmed that "The JLS has played a very significant role in my life." And there was laughter when he said that he remembered the first book he borrowed from the library, one with a picture of cows, which he liked, on the cover. It turned out to be a technical book on dairy farming. However, he said, "I don't get the impression that young people are reading as much as they used to," noting "there is very little creative reading in the bookshops." Chen said Super Plus "believes in Jamaican writing", noting that this is the third book that has been supported in this way. "I believe it is a valuable addition to the canon of Jamaican literature," he said. "The Rastafarian value and ethos system has had a tremendous positive impact," Chen said, affirming that "Super Plus remains committed to local authors." Han' go, han' come Professor Carolyn Cooper, the brief handover function's guest speaker, noted the fusion of writing and business, saying "Yasus' book is a prime product for you to stamp with your Super Plus brand." And she said that just as how "han' go, han' come", in these liasions "it is not just a case of the writer going with an empty paki and asking the sponsor to let off." And there was laughter when Cooper underscored the worth of Overstanding Rastafari with "the quality of the product is indisputable, like a trolley full of Super Plus products." Yasus Afari said that the St. Andrew Parish Library played an important part in his life, when he was at a crossroads of self-identity. As for the connection with Super Plus, he said he was a customer before it was Super Plus, from the days of L&M. It was artwork in the May Pen outlet of SuperPlus that led him to artist Omar Passley, whose sketches are in Overstanding Rastafari, and on to Chen to request the sponsorship. However, before he had a chance to make the proposal, Chen did so. Humbling occasion "This occasion is a humbling one," Yasus Afari said, adding "since we cannot afford to publish the book and give it away...". And director of culture in education, Amina Blackwood Meeks, emphasised the timing of the book's publication, in the year of the bicentenary of the transatlantic trade in Africans. As for Jamaicans not reading, she noted "How easily we read about other people. We tiad fe see other people and when we see ourselves we are ugly, ugly in how we are portrayed and ugly in character." She thanked Yasus Afari for showing that "Rome was not built in one day" in the book-writing process. "It takes time, it takes discipline, it takes courage to interrogate ourselves," Blackwood Meeks said. Jamaica Gleaner News - Selassie's grandson to visit - Saturday | April 21, 2007
www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20070421/news/news... Selassie's grandson to visit His Imperial Highness Prince Ermias Sahle-Selassie Haile-Selassie, grandson of the late Emperor Haile Selassie I, revered as God by Rastafarians, is scheduled to arrive in Jamaica for a three-day visit Thursday. The prince will be travelling to the island at the invitation of Generation 2000 (G2K), the young professionals' arm of the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP). This, they said, was in commemoration of the visit of his grandfather in 1966, this month. Rastafarian Historical Frontground
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The dreadlocks are also a
special symbol for all Rastas, because by growing them Rastafarians become
more similar to the Lion of Judah and less similar to the blond look of
white Europeans. Fore Rastas Dreadlocks are their roots, their
establishment... But also dreadlocks are supported in the Rastafarian Bible:
"They shall not make baldness upon their head, neither shall they shave off
the corner of their beard, nor make any cuttings in the flesh" (Leviticus
21:5)... The source of Rastafari lies in a specific geographical area, the Nile Valley, a huge region that includes Egypt in the North and Ethiopia in the south. The philosophy at the heart of Rastafari is gathered from the soul of this part of Africa. For example, it acknowledges Ra, revered by the Egyptians as the god of the sun, as a life-giving force, and accepts that mankind is not separate or different from God, or Jah, an abbreviation for Jehovah. KING SOLOMON In the time of King Solomon, Queen Makeba ruled over the empire of Sheba, which consisted of Ethiopia, Egypt and parts of Persia. The Queen's visit to the wealthy and wise Solomon in Jerusalem had been planned for many years. In Jerusalem, Solomon converted her to the God of Abraham; she had until then worshipped the sun in the person of Ra the sun-god. When she returned to her land, Queen Makeba changed the religion of her empire to Judaism. On her return, Makeba was pregnant by Solomon; she had promised him that if she bore a son she would send the boy to Jerusalem for instruction by his father. Accordingly, her son Menelik journeyed, as a young man, to meet Solomon, having sworn to his mother that as heir and successor to the kingdom he would return to Ethiopia. When Menelik was leaving Jerusalem, King Solomon saw to it that he was accompanied by the sons of his priests: he wanted to ensure that the religion of Abraham would continue in Ethiopia. As a result, this religion existed there in an undiluted form. CHRISTIANITY / JUDAISM At the heart of Rastafari lie the Egyptian mysteries, the sort that may be found in The Egyptian Book of the Dead. The elements of Judaism within Rastafari are themselves an offspring of Egyptian mysticism. This became institutionalised by Moses; when adopted by the High Priest's daughter in Egypt, he was taught the principles of Osiris, Isis and other Egyptian gods. For his final initiation he traveled to Ethiopia. The source of Judaism was the teaching of Moses. As tradition has it, Moses was author of the first five books of the Bible (the sixth and seventh books of Moses are considered to be too complex for the common man to comprehend; there is a famous obeah textbook entitled The Sixth and Seventh Book of Moses). During the time of Christianity, however, Paul the Apostle converted an Ethiopian eunuch to Christianity. This eunuch was a high-placed, respected rabbi of orthodox Judaism. When he returned to Ethiopia, he in turn converted the country to Christianity. So began the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, a pure form of Christianity that kept its connection with its Judaic and Egyptian pasts, all elements within Rastafari. This church had considerable influence on the 225th king (descended directly from King David, who, in turn, was descended from Moses). This member of Ethiopian royalty was Ras Tafari, Emperor Haile Selassie I. Before his visit to Jamaica on 21 April 1966, Haile Selassie had already established the Ethiopian Orthodox Church there, in answer to a request from the island's Rastafarians. BELIEFS, PRACTICES AND SACRAMENTS Rastafarians acknowledge that their religion is the blending of the purest forms of both Judaism and Christianity; they also accept the Egyptian origins of both these religions. In affirming the divinity of Haile Selassie, Rastafari rejects the Babylonian hypocrisy of the modern church. The church of Rome, and even the council of Rome, are considered to be particularly Babylonian: was it not from this city that Mussolini invaded the holy land of Ethiopia in 1935? Religions always reflect the social and geographical environment out of which they emerge, and Jamaican Rastafari is no exception: for example, the use of marijuana as a sacrament and aid to meditation is logical in a country where a particularly potent strain of 'herb' grows freely. MARIJUANA: THE WEED OF WISDOM In fact, the herb "ganja" (marijuana) was regarded as "wisdomweed," and Rasta leaders urged that it be smoked as a religious rite, alleging that it was found growing on the grave of King Solomon and citing biblical passages, such as Psalms 104:14, to attest to its sacramental properties: "He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and herb for the service of man, that he may bring forth food out of the earth." "ITAL" DIET AND DREADLOCKS A set of dietary and hygienic laws were formulated to accompany the religion's doctrine. They urged their flocks to shun the ingestion of alcohol, tobacco, all meat (especially pork), as well as shellfish, scaleless fish, snails, predatory and scavenger species of marine life, and many common seasonings like salt. In short, anything that was not "ital," a Rasta term meaning pure, natural or clean, was forbidden. They also outlawed was the combing or cutting of hair, citing the holy directive in Leviticus 21:5: "They shall not make baldness upon their head, neither shall they shave off the corner of their beard, nor make any cuttings in their flesh." Their nappy tresses were allowed to mat and twine themselves into ropy dreadlocks, so called to mock non-believers' aversion to their appearance. (The noun "dread" has also since evolved into a word of praise.) BABYLON WILL FALL The Rastas deny allegations by other relgious groups that they were antiwhite or antibrown (mulatto) and invited all to repent and accept Jah (a shortened form of Jehovah). They vowed that at a secret hour known only to a devout few, converts would return to Ethiopia by an undisclosed means, leaving behind the tropical steambath of Jamaica, which they considered to be literally Hell on Earth. Until that time, Rastas would refuse to take part in the machinations of daily life and commerce in "Babylon," the sphere of temporal captivity of the spirit. The poor flocked to the Rastas' call, since the cult's creed lent a certain nobility to their alienated status. As Rastas, they could now await with dignity the Judgment Day, when the last shall be first and the first shall be last. THE HOLY PIBY The true foundation of Rastafari is the Holy Piby, the "Black Man's Bible," compiled by Robert Athlyi Rogers of Anguilla from 1913 to 1917. It was published, not coincidentally, in the same year Rev. Webb made his declaration-1924. A Barbadian minister named Rev. Charles F. Goodridge came upon the secret Bible in Colon, Panama. But at the same time large quantities were being printed in Newark, New Jersey, by other believers, and from there, copies of the Piby were shipped to Kimberly, South Africa, where missionaries of black supremacy started a church for the diamond-field workers called the Afro-Athlican Constructive Church (AACC). Through these proselytizing efforts, Goodridge became associated with a woman named Grace Jenkins Garrison, and together they brought the doctrine of the Holy Piby to Jamaica in 1925, founding a branch of the AACC under the name the Hamatic Church. Meeting immediately with much persecution from the Fundamentalist, Revivalist and more conventional Christian church leaders for their adherence to the occult Bible, Goodridge and Garrison fled into the bush country of the parish of St. Thomas, in Eastern Jamaica, and it was there that the seeds of Rastafarianism were implanted. Early Rasta leaders like Leonard P. Howell gravitated to the forbidden encampments to read the Holy Piby-purportedly the closest thing to the first Bible, which was said to have been written in Amharic (for centuries the official language of Ethiopia, and allegedly the original language of mankind). Goodridge and Garrison maintained that under the early popes white church scholars distorted the Amharic Bible in the translating and editing process to make God and His prophets Caucasian instead of black. Among the chapters in the Piby was one called "The Black Man's Map of Life," which spelled out his difficult but ultimately glorious destiny from Creation to Armageddon and beyond. THE RISE OF RASTAFARI In Jamaica, as elsewhere in the world, the 1930s were years of social upheaval. Labour unrest on the island culminated in the vicious suppression of striking sugar-cane workers in Westmoreland: four strikers were shot dead, and dozens rounded up and jailed, including Alexander Bustamente, the leader of the new Jamaican labour movement. It was a perfect context for the rise of a band of islanders who divorced themselves mentally from an oppressive social system. This cult, Rastafarianism, thus became cast as a religion of the dispossessed among those who failed to acknowledge the intellectual rigor of many practitioners (the depth of Biblical and historical knowledge displayed at a Rastafarian reasoning is intense). In the hills of eastern Jamaica, Rastafarian encampments sprang up; a life of asceticism and artistry became the armour of the religion's followers against Babylon. Leonard Howell, one of the island's chief propagators of the religion, founded the Pinnacle encampment in an abandoned estate between Kingston and Spanish Town. Howell eventually decided that it was not Haile Selassie who was Jah but himself. In 1954 he was thrown into a mental home, and Pinnacle was closed down. The dreads, as Rastafarians became known colloquially, spilled out into the ghettoes of west Kingston. Around the time of independence in 1962, there were a number of violent incidents involving fire-arms between Rastas and the police, making headlines in the Daily Gleaner. The movement was now traveling with the speed of a bush-fire into the popular psyche of Jamaica BadGalsRadio - Fo Real Doh !! » Blog Archive » A Capsule About H.I.M. Haile Selassie
badgals-radio.com/?p=789 About H.I.M. Haile Selassie Mansions of RastafariFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia(Redirected from Twelve Tribes of Israel (Rastafari))
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Mansions of Rastafari are branches of the Rastafari movement. Mansions include the Bobo Shanti, the Nyabinghi, the Twelve Tribes of Israel, and others. The term is taken from the Biblical verse in John 14:2, "In my Father's house are many mansions." 
[edit] Bobo ShantiKnown as the Priestly Order of Rastafari, the Ethiopia Africa Black International Congress, Church of True Divine Salvation for Bobo Rasta, or Bobo Shanti, was founded in the mid-twentieth century by Charles Edwards, known as King Emmanuel, and considered by many to be the Black Christ-in-flesh. Most of its members, called "Bobos" or "Bobo dreads", live in Bull Bay, in a small utopian community called Bobo Hill in 10 Miles Bull Bay. Bobos greet each other using the saying "My Lord" and are most notable for their wearing of turbans and long flowing robes as well as brooms they carry with them, which signify cleanliness. The brooms and other crafts are also sold in Kingston as a way to provide funds for the community. The Bobos have established a strong relationship with the local community outside of Bobo Hill and often invite people to their services. Membership of the Ethiopia Africa Black International Congress is increasingly growing globally, as their members are seen in Africa, Europe, and throughout the caribbean. King Emmanuel is called "Dada" by his followers, who see him as part of a holy Trinity, together with Marcus Garvey and Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, in which Selassie is seen as King/God (Jah), Garvey as prophet, and Emmanuel as high priest after the priesthood order of Melchizedec. Almost all sacred songs and tributes to their ancient trinity of prophet, priest, and king ends with the phrase "Holy Emmanuel I Selassie I Jah Rastafari." Bobos say that "Africa" is the name that the european colonizers gave to Ethiopia, or "Jerusalem". Many see black supremacy ideas as essential to the faith, and in the Bobo (and Rastafarian) conception, the true Ethiopian Israelites are black men and women, who are Royal Ethiopians from creation birth, scattered during the African holocaust. Not only do Bobos believe in black supremacy, meaning black is original and therefore supreme, they also consider black women as mothers of creation. Women cover their legs, arms, and head in practice of the Queen Omega principles. Nearly all the men within the community are seen as prophets or priests, whose functions are to “reason” and conduct churchical and parlimental services, respectively. Many reggae artists have emerged from the Bobo Shanti, including The Abyssinians, Sizzla, Capleton, Anthony B, Perfect, Turbulence, and Ras Shiloh. Many claim to be Bobo Shanti, however many of the artists have not made the Bobo declaration, therefore being unable to legitimatley call themseves 'Bobo'. (Check interview with Jah Cure, BBC radio 1xtra) [edit] Twelve Tribes of IsraelThe Twelve Tribes of Israel is a Rastafari group founded in Kingston, Jamaica, and now functioning world wide. Its founder, Vernon Carrington, was known as Prophet Gad, and taught ones to read the Bible 'A Chapter A Day'. The main theological difference of Twelve Tribes of Israel Rastafari organization is their acceptance of Jesus Christ as Lord & Saviour. (Due to the stigma associated with slavery and the false use of the name Jesus by colonialist not practicing what they preached, some prefer to use the ancient names of Christ - Yeshua or Yehoshua or JAH SHUA (aka Jah is Salvation) in Hebrew - Yesus Kristos in Amharic)... Haile Selassie I is seen as a divinely anointed king in the lineage of King David & Solomon. While he is considered a type/representation of Christ in Kingly Character, he is not Jesus Christ himself, but a representative of the everlasting Davidic covenant, which is to be fulfilled by Jesus Christ when he returns as Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah. The twelve tribes symbology is based on Jacob/Israel's 12 sons, and correspond to the months of the ancient Israelite calendar, beginning with April and Reuben. Some people further relate this to metaphysical signs. Thus Bob Marley came from the Tribe of Joseph, the eleventh of the biblical Jacob's twelve children. Ijahman Levi is the third child. Another well known reggae group of this sect is Israel Vibration. Bob Marley, a natty dread, by quoting a biblical text about Joseph on the album cover of Rastaman Vibration, was acknowledging his own support for this sect. Dennis Brown, Freddie McGregor, and many other roots reggae artists were associated with the Twelve Tribes of Israel. Due to their inclusiveness of all races and acceptance of the Holy Bible, though not the oldest, TTI is considered the largest of all Rastafari houses. [edit] NiyabinghiThe Niyabinghi Theocracy Government was named for a legendary Amazon queen of the same name, who was said to have possessed a Ugandan woman named Muhumusa in the 19th century. Muhumusa inspired a movement, rebelling against African colonial authorities. Though she was captured in 1913, alleged possessions by "Nyahbinghi" (traditional spelling) continued, mostly afflicting women. The Niyabinghi resistance inspired a number of Jamaican Rastas, who incorporated what are known as niyabinghi chants (also binghi) into their celebrations ("grounations"). The rhythms of these chants were eventually an influence of popular ska, rocksteady and reggae music. Three kinds of drums (called "harps") are used in niyabinghi: bass, also known as the "Pope Smasher" or "Vatican Basher", reflecting a Rasta association between Catholicism and Babylon, the middle-pitched funde and akete. The akete (also known as the "repeater") plays an improvised syncopation, the funde plays a regular one-two beat and the bass drum strikes loudly on the first beat, and softly on the third beat (of four). When groups of players get together, only one akete player may play at any one time. The other drums keep regular rhythms while the akete players solo in the form of a conversation. Count Ossie was the first to record niyabinghi, and he helped to establish and maintain Rastafari culture. Niyabinghi drumming is not exclusive to the Niyabinghi order, and is common to all Rastafarians. Its rhythms are the basis of Reggae music, through the influential ska band, the Skatalites. It is said that their drummer revolutionized Jamican music by combining the various Niyabinghi parts into a 'complete' "drum kit," which combined with jazz to create an entirely new form of music, known as ska. Niyabinghi rhythms were largely a creation of Count Ossie, who incorporated influences from traditional Jamaican Kumina drumming (especially the form of the drums themselves) with songs and rhythms learned from the recordings of Nigerian musician Babatunde Olatunji. Binghi chanting typically includes recitation of the Psalms, but may also include variations of well-known Christian hymns. Though Count Ossie is clearly the most influential Binghi drummer, practically inventing the genre in its present state, the recordings of Ras Michael and the Sons of Negus, as well as the Rastafari Elders, have contributed to the popularity of the music. Though Niyabinghi music operates as a form of Rasta religious music outside of Reggae, musicians such as Bob Marley and even non-Rastas such Prince Buster and Jimmy Cliff (both Muslim) used the idiom in some songs. Recently, dancehall sensation Sizzla and American roots-Reggae artists such as Groundation and Jah Levi have used Niyabinghi drums extensively in their recordings. Though sometimes claimed to be a direct continuation of an African cultural form, Niyabinghi drumming is best seen as the voice of a people rediscovering their African roots. Combining Jamaican traditions with newly acquired African ones, Count Ossie and others synthesized his country's African traditions and reinvigorated them with the influences of Nigerian master-drummer Babatunde Olatunji, as a comparison of Count Ossie's Tales of Mozambique and Olatunji's earlier Drums of Passion will reveal. Indeed, it is that combination of inherited traditions and conscious rediscovery of lost African traditions that makes Niyabinghi drumming—and Rasta—so powerful. Niyabinghi are considered the strictest mansion of the Rastafari movement in Jamaica preaching the ideals of a global theocracy to be headed by Emperor Haile Selassie I, whom they proclaim to be the promised Messiah and incarnation of the Supreme Deity. Often misrepresented as supporting violence for promoting "Death to black-and-white downpressors," the Niyahbinghi are actually pacifists who believe that the rule of the black race is simply a matter of destiny and not a cause for war (and they would prefer to eliminate such superficial color lines"). They do not believe in violence, because they believe that only Jah has the right to destroy. They make this pledge because of the power of words, believing that only when all of Jah's children make the pledge together, oppression will be destroyed. External links
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansions_of_Rastafari"
Haile Selassie
Emperor Haile Selassie I (Part 1)
Emperor Haile Selassie I (Part 2)
The Jews of Ethiopia
12 Tribes of Israel prove with a dna match that they are the original decendants of Israel and Solomon
YouTube - Ethiopian Political History 1970's, (www.eppf.info)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTzlod-1DFU&mode=related&s... Ethiopian Political History 1970's, (www.eppf.info)
YouTube - Ethiopia. Mengistu's Red Terror, (www.eppf.info)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_2n2Y7cyEU&mode=related&s... Ethiopia. Mengistu's Red Terror, (www.eppf.info)
YouTube - Ethiopia. Mengistu's Last Parlament: (www.eppf.info)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=GuweGoV10Os&mode=related&s... Ethiopia. Mengistu's Last Parlament: (www.eppf.info)
YouTube - Ethiopia History: Downfall of Mengistu (www.eppf.info)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5LpE-kA3gs&mode=related&s... Ethiopia History: Downfall of Mengistu (www.eppf.info)
Ethiopia Now
ethiopian rasta video production about illegal invasion, immigration and genocid' and the dispute over the borders of eritrea and ethiopia. Ethiopia was settled by peoples from two of the main lineages of human ancestry: the Hamatic peoples and the Semitic peoples (named after Ham and Shem, sons of Noah). A third line, the Cushitic ethnic groups, is found particularly in the south and south-west. There are now at least 64 languages spoken in Ethiopia, and perhaps 80 different ethnic groups. The largest are the Oromo and the Amhara peoples. Other large ethnic grups include ethnic Somalis, Tigryans, and Gurages. Some of them are spread over national borders, so not all are Ethiopian citizens. Ethiopia, Cush, Nubia, and other ancient African civilisations merge into each other in traslations of Old Testament scripture, travellers' tale, and myths. 'Ethiopia' - mentioned several times in the Bible and in Greek literature - became a metaphor for remoteness, or plenty, or simply a land of unknown dark-skinned peoples. The name 'Ethiopia' derives rom the Greek for 'burnt faces'. 'Abysinia', as Ethiopia was commonly known by outsiders until the mid-twentieth century, probably derives from the word which Ethiopians use to describe themselves: habesha. The Ethiopians' national literary epic, the Kebra Negast, tells the story of the Queen of Sheba travelling from Ethiopia to meet King Solomon of the Jews in Israel almost 1,000 years before Christ. She then returned to Ethiopia and bore a son, Menelik I, from whom Ethiopian Emperors used to claim descent. This rich brew of myth and fable makes the actual early history of present-day Ethiopia almost impossible to trace. But from the last 2,000 years, parts of Ethiopia can offer a history, with artifacts, recorded events, and travellers' accounts. When did 'Ethiopia' come into existence, and where was it? Can it
be called one of the most ancient name? Many Ethiopians are proud that
the name of their country and its settlelments are scattered in most ancient
of historical documents. Others suspect that history has been manipulated
to serve the interests of those in power, and that most of the territiories
of today's Ethiopia bear little, if any, relation to the ancient civilisations
of the Red Sea.
The Empire of Axum Ethiopia's natural wealth and strategic location led at the time of Christ to the rise of and important Red Sea trading and military empire, with its capital at Axum in present-day Tigray. The ancient civilisations of northern Ethiopia dominated the Red Sea region for almost a thousand years from 200 BC. A naval power developed, and Axum's traders and travellers, using the port of Adulis on the Red Sea, reached as far abroad as Egypt, India, and China. Exporting ivory, rhinoceros horn, and spices, and importing metal and cloth, Axum grew wealthy and powerful through trade and conquest. Today, Axum is most famous for its archaeological ruins: obelisks, tombs, and palaces, and the claim by the Orthodaox Church that Axum is the resting place of the Ark of the Covenant-the chest containing the ten comandments engraved on stone and handed to Moses by God. Axum's tallest standing obelisk, 23 metres high, probably a huge
gravestone, is carved from a single piece of rock. With windows and doors
on ten 'storeys', it looks like the world's first skyscraper. With half
a dozen others, it has remained standing through the centuries and withstood
the rumbling of tanks and shelling during the Italian invasion of 1935
and the civil war of the 1970s and 1980s.
Lalibella: Built by Angeles Christianity was introduced into Ethiopia in AD 341. In the Middle Ages the Orthodox Church built hundreds of rock-hewn churches. The greatest are found near the village of Roh in the Wollo region of the central highlands. Beginning in the twelfth century, workmen and pries-kings constructed a fantastic complex of churches, monasteries, baptismal pools, and secret tunnels. Ethiopian ledgen says that the whole massive undertaking was inspired by a dream of King Lalibella, and built with the help of angeles. The churches are almost invisible until one stumbles upon them through an ordinary-looking Ethiopian town. Carved into the hillside, each of the churches is interconnected by a series of labyrinthine passages, stairways, and openings carved in the red rock. On a cool Sunday morning, the austere chants of some of the 45 priests of Lalibella rise echoing from the subterranean places of worship. Deep drum beats resonate from the recesse of the churches. Worshippers from the town and surrounding villages kneel to kiss the rock itself and, wrapped against the cold in traditional thick, white, gabi blankets, murmur prayers to the walls. Skeletons of famous monks are sill stored in crevices in the rocks.
Inside the gloom of the churches, frayed embroidereis shroud the inner
sanctum from prying eyes and tourist' cameras. Sunlight pierces the open
windows in shafts, and pigeons flutter noisily in the countryards. Indian
swastikas and Jewish Stars of David are carved side by side on the walls,
striking evidence of Ethiopias' position at the crossroads of human beliefs.
The Movable Monarchy After the almost monastic period of King Lalibella, dynasties came and went, capitals rose and fell, and power shifted from the northern Tigrayans to the central Amharas and back. Society oscillated between anarchy and feudal monarchy, closely associated with the Orthodox Church. Literature and philosophy flourished. There was no fixed capital, but the seat of power was effectively wherever the king and his army happened to b camped. Islam had filtered into Ethiopia from Arabia since the time of the
Prophet Mohammed, and its strongholds were naturally towards the east of
Ethiopia. From the mercantile city of Harar, Ahmed Ibn Ibrahim ELmGhazi,
nicknamed Gragn ('The Left-Handed'), rose up against the Christians,
and over-ran much of the country, burning churches and looting gold wherever
he went. His armies, demanding conversion to Islam or death, reached as
far north as Axum. But travellers' tales of Ethiopia's Christian Empire
had filtered out to Europe. In response to Lebna Dengel's appeal, the Portugese
sent a group of musketeers, who contriburted to the defeat and death of
Gragn in 1543.
The Coming of the Oromo At about the same time as the Christian Empire was under attack from
the east, the South was being overtaken by the Oromo people. They spread
north, east, and west throughout the sixteenth century, and penetrated
the Amhara areas as far north as Wollo and Gojam. Gragn's former power
base, Harar itself, was attacked until a peace agreement was signed in
1568. The Oromo region today makes up the heart of Ethiopia. The conquests
and subsequent settlement of Oromos all over Ethiopia have been described
by one sociologist as 'the making of modern Ethiopian society'. Rather
than ruling the people of the areas they invaded, the Oromo tended to intergrate
and inter-marry. Today, they are the most numerous ethnic group in Ethiopia,
and one of the largest tribes in Africa.
The Rise and Fall of the Empire of Gonder As Ehtiopia recovered, reduced in power and territory after 16 years of civil war, the Emperors moved further north and west, close to Lake Tana. A new capital was formed at Gonder in 1636, which became the first fixed capital of Ethiopia since Lalibella. A series of rulers built solid palaces and castles in the city, and some finely decorated churches still stand testimony to the zenith of Ethiopia's renaissance. The Gonderine empire itself began to collapse in the late 1700s,
and Ethiopia disintegrated into an amalgamation of principalities controlled
by warlords. From the mid-nineteenth century, two unifying leaders, Tewodros
II and Yohannes IV, started to pull Ethiopia together again.
Enter the British Tewodros II tried to gain support for his reforms and technical schemes by writing to Queen Victoria. When his letters went unanswered, he imprisoned a British consul and several missionaries. This led to a British military expedition, which stormed his mountain stronghold at Magdala in 1868, where Tewodros, crying 'I shall never fall into the hands of the enemy', shot himself in the mouth with his pistol. The British force then proceeded to loot the libraries of the palace and church nearby, taking hundreds of manuscripts back to England. Few have been returned from the British Museum to this day. Yohannes IV, a chief from Tigray, succeeded in holding the expansioniest forces of both Egypt and Italy at bay, but was killed in battle against the Sudanese Mahidist armies in 1889. Power then reverted to the Amhara line, from the central region of Shoa, and Emperor Menelik II was crowned. Rastafari, Jamaica and Africa
The Holy Pibyby Robert Athlyi Rogers[1924-8]
Boboshanti Service
YouTube - Documental Rastafari - Holy Piby, Los Dreadlock y La Ganjah
www.youtube.com/watch?v=vB4GRU_WN_Q&mode=related&s... YouTube - Documental Rastafari - Marcus Mosiah Garvey
www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPZx190BATE&mode=related&s... YouTube - Documental Rastafari - Significado de Zion y Babylon
www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjN2oDh-7cU&mode=related&s... YouTube - Documental Rastafari - Haile Selassie Video in English
www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYwCI9iOj5o Documental Rastafari - Haile Selassie Video in English
Rastafarianism - concepts and symbols
Ganja, or better known to non-Rastas as Marijuana, is used for religious
purposes for the Rastafarians. They find its use written in the Bible in
Psalms 104:14, "He causeth the grass for the cattle, and herb for the service
of man". The use of this herb is very extensive among the Rastas not only
for spiritual purposes as in their Nyabingi celebration, but also for medicinal
purposes for colds and such. Other names for it are Iley, callie, and holy
herb. Following are a few of the many Biblical texts that Rastas embrace
as reasons God, or Jah, gave them the use of the herb:
". . . thou shalt eat the herb of the field " (Genesis 3:18) ". . . eat every herb of the land " (Exodus 10:12) "Better is a dinner of herb where love is, than a stalled ox and hatred therewith" (Proverbs 15:17) “He Causeth the Grass to Grow for the Cattle, and Herb for the Service of Man” (Psalm 104:14)
 Table of Contents
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Many Rastas do not believe Haile Selassie I is dead. They believed that it was a trick of the media to try and bring their faith down because Rastas believe that true Rastas are immortal. To compensate for his death they believe that his atoms spread through out the world and became part of new babies, therefore, his life is never ending. The Rastafarian name for God is Jah.
Babylon
Return to Africa
". . . thou shalt eat the herb of the field " (Genesis 3:18) ". . . eat every herb of the land " (Exodus 10:12) "Better is a dinner of herb where love is, than a stalled ox and hatred therewith" (Proverbs 15:17) “He Causeth the Grass to Grow for the Cattle, and Herb for the Service of Man” (Psalm 104:14) Food
drinks are viewed as unnatural. The term I-tal is rapidly taking hold in the consumer industry in Jamaica. Red, Black and Green
Dreadlocks
Lion of Judah
I and I
 
What Are The Twelve Tribes of Israel ?
Naming the twelve tribes is a confusing task. Revelation 7:5-8 lists the 12 tribes as: Judah, Reuben, Gad, Asher, Naphtali, Manasseh, Simeon, Levi, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph and Benjamin. This is interesting…for the first time Joseph is listed as a tribe along with his son Manasseh. Why isn’t Ephraim listed? Why is Reuben listed, but not Dan? There are no perfect answers to these questions. Technically, there were more than twelve tribes if you count both of Joseph’s sons as tribes in addition to Joseph. Revelation 7 presents a list of 144,000 witnesses from twelve different tribes. It does not say why Ephraim and Dan are not listed. The best answer is that God decided not to choose any witnesses from those two tribes. Some Bible teachers understand Dan being left off the list in Revelation 7 because of what is said in Genesis 49:17, “Dan will be a serpent by the roadside, a viper along the path, that bites the horse's heels so that its rider tumbles backward.”
With all of that said, what are the twelve tribes of Israel? Every list in the Bible contains Simeon, Judah, Gad, Asher, Naphtali, Manasseh, Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin. In addition to those nine tribes, there are Ephraim, Reuben, Joseph, Dan, and Levi. Most Bible teachers would view Ephraim, Dan, and Levi as the additional three to result in twelve tribes. Whatever the case, God is free to re-adjust and re-account the twelve tribes of Israel as He sees fit. RastafariansRastafarians believe that the black races are the true Children of Israel, or Israelites, as they like to call themselves. Using the Bible they also conclude that Haile Selassie of Ethiopia is the returned messiah who will lead the world's peoples of African descent into a promised land of full emancipation and divine justice. One Rasta sect, called the Twelve Tribes of Israel, imposes an metaphysical system whereby Aries is Reuben, Aquarius is Joseph, etc. With his famous early reggae song The Israelites Desmond Dekker immortalised the Rastafarian concept of themselves as the Children of Israel. Jews Be Blacks - Rasta Edit Video
Rastafarians Tell Their Story
full 52 minute version
Bob Marley and Rastafari
Part of a documentary on the Life of Bob Marley YouTube - Jah Sun Feat. Ras Attitude , Lutan Fyah - No Bones No Blood
www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9Cmt8E1NYI Jah Sun Feat. Ras Attitude , Lutan Fyah - No Bones No Blood
This is a tune about being Vegetarian and Rastafarian. three dj's who ramp it up nice. filmed in rural jamaica. YouTube - Rasta Meditation with Ransford Lawrence
www.youtube.com/watch?v=REfHdgelzF8&mode=related&s... Rasta Meditation with Ransford Lawrence
Rastafarianism in Ghana
Burning Spear - Calling Rastafari (Live)
Peter Tosh - Legalize it live
YouTube - PETER TOSH - 400 YEARS LIVE JAMAICA - 1978
www.youtube.com/watch?v=8_x3H89COL8&mode=related&s... PETER TOSH - 400 YEARS LIVE JAMAICA - 1978
YouTube - Rasta Heart: A Journey Into One Love
www.youtube.com/watch?v=WerbghgoIwM&mode=related&s... Rasta Heart: A Journey Into One Love
YouTube - BABYLON - THE ENDING OF THE CLASSIC 80s REGGAE FILM
www.youtube.com/watch?v=3P6Qhq0W8jc&mode=related&s... BABYLON - THE ENDING OF THE CLASSIC 80s REGGAE FILM
Rasta Police in Handsworth
Bob, Rasta and Marijuana
Bob Marley - Rasta and Marijuana 1
Bob Marley - Rasta and Marijuana 2
Jamaica Land of the Rastaman
YouTube - Documental Rastafari - Visita de Haile Selassie I a Jamaica
www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1z97-cdTh0&mode=related&s... Haile Selassie I Visits Jamaica "The Ghetto Outcry" (clip) 2006 documentary
Trenchtown - in Kingston Jamaica with the political unrest and gang violence. this is a recent video made in 2006.
YouTube - Friday evening traffic in Kingston, Jamaica
www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgElncvNgfg&mode=related&s... Kingston 12 Bob Marley
YouTube - Peter Tosh - Legalize it (live in Reggae sunsplash ´79)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiawdziNaro&mode=related&s... YouTube - Jah Cure feat. Fantan Mojah - Nuh Build Great Man
www.youtube.com/watch?v=glsFWvJWDxw&mode=related&s... Jah Cure feat. Fantan Mojah - Nuh Build Great Man
YouTube - FANTAN MOJAH/CHEZIDEK / PERFECT / LUTAN FYAH & MORE
www.youtube.com/watch?v=gclGUCRypb8&mode=related&s... FANTAN MOJAH/CHEZIDEK / PERFECT / LUTAN FYAH & MORE
Bob Marley Interviews
Bob Marley and Rastafari
Bob Marley - 1973 Interview
Who Killed Bob Marley
a photo tribute set to the tune of Bob Marley's life - "Misty Morning"
YouTube - Bob Marley "Who Killed Bob Marley?" The Documentary Drama
www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVOc572MB78&mode=related&s... Bob Marley "Who Killed Bob Marley?" The Documentary Drama
YouTube - Bob Marley - CCTV interview 1979 - Part 2
www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQpcSn4-wmM&mode=related&s... Bob Marley - CCTV interview 1979 - Part 2
Babylon By Bus Tour follows Bob and the Wailers across america YouTube - Bob Marley interview in New Zealand 1979
www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmIJQusogqw&mode=related&s... Bob Marley interview in New Zealand 1979
Bob Marley Speaks - Africa Unite
Bob Marley Interview 1979
Bob Marley - Interview in Canada
Bob Marley in Barcelona - Part 1
Bob Marley: The Prophet
YouTube - Essex House Video Rehearsal and Interview 1
www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHO9M_dXfi4&mode=related&s... Essex House Video Rehearsal and Interview 1
Bob Marley Interview 1976
Rare clip from a tv station in Minn. with Bob Marley YouTube - Essex House Video Rehearsal and Interview 2
www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBKGabj1q3k&mode=related&s... Essex House Video Rehearsal and Interview 2
YouTube - Essex House Video Rehearsal and Interview 4
www.youtube.com/watch?v=53U_6JcmbRA&mode=related&s... Essex House Video Rehearsal and Interview 4
YouTube - Essex House Video Rehearsal and Interview 5
www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOquG-B_5V0&mode=related&s... Essex House Video Rehearsal and Interview 5
YouTube - studio rehearsals - We & Dem - Bob Marley
www.youtube.com/watch?v=63Ugb_o09O4&mode=related&s... Documentary on the Reggae Sound Business
YouTube - Reggae Sound System in England,late 70's vintage footage
www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLv1A6VkqxM&mode=related&s... Reggae Sound System in England,late 70's vintage footage
YouTube - Sound Business - Rare British Reggae Documentary 1981 - 1/5
www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HR8-RKUbPg Sound Business - Rare British Reggae Documentary 1981 - 1/5
this is part one of five please see them all here on BadGalsRadio Jamaican Music Historical Page YouTube - Sound Business - Rare British Reggae Documentary 1981 - 2/5
www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9PdU-zpHxA&mode=related&s... Sound Business - Rare British Reggae Documentary 1981 - 2/5
YouTube - Sound Business - Rare British Reggae Documentary 1981 - 3/5
www.youtube.com/watch?v=haSGGZwEILQ&mode=related&s... YouTube - Sound Business - Rare British Reggae Documentary 1981 - 4/5
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-GKVe2KaL0&mode=related&s... Sound Business - Rare British Reggae Documentary 1981 - 4/5
YouTube - Sound Business - Rare British Reggae Documentary 1981 - 5/5
www.youtube.com/watch?v=xaonaOIKCNQ&mode=related&s... Sound Business - Rare British Reggae Documentary 1981 - 5/5
YouTube - The Story of Jamaican Music - Episode 3 - Part 1/6
www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkWyW25M8Kk&mode=related&s... The Story of Jamaican Music - Episode 3 - Part 1/6
this is part of a multi part series. Bob Marley Videos
YouTube - Bob Marley Positive Vibration Oakland79
www.youtube.com/watch?v=PXC29ZUGEbk&mode=related&s... Bob Marley Positive Vibration Oakland79
YouTube - Bob Marley - Stand Up for Your Right
www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBcdm0aCIeE&mode=related&s... Bob Marley - Stand Up for Your Rights Live
YouTube - Bob Marley "Rat Race - Trenchtown Rock" Jamaica 76
www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGep_Rl7y3g&mode=related&s... Bob Marley "Rat Race - Trenchtown Rock" Jamaica 76
Bob Marley One Love peace concert
YouTube - THE MIGHTY BOB MARLEY & WAILERS LONDON 73
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekT18AKGiZA&mode=related&s... THE MIGHTY BOB MARLEY & WAILERS LONDON 73
YouTube - Bob Marley "Rat Race - Trenchtown Rock" Jamaica 76
www.youtube.com/watch?v=SGep_Rl7y3g&mode=related&s... Live Show in JA after Bob Returned from the UK.
YouTube - Bob Marley - Stand Up for Your Right
www.youtube.com/watch?v=WBcdm0aCIeE&mode=related&s... Bob Marley - Stand Up for Your Right
This is a B&W studio Session with Bob Close Up. 1980. one of the final sessions recorded of Bob in Tuff Gong Studios Kingston, JA.
YouTube - THE MIGHTY BOB MARLEY & WAILERS LONDON 73
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekT18AKGiZA&mode=related&s... THE MIGHTY BOB MARLEY & WAILERS LONDON 73
Rare B&W clip of a newly dread locked Bob Marley and the Wailers, One of the Best I've ever seen. YouTube - BOB MARLEY RASTA MAN VIBRATION 1977 REAL RARE CLIP.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTt3OgajioQ&mode=related&s... BOB MARLEY RASTA MAN VIBRATION 1977 REAL RARE CLIP.
YouTube - Bob Marley "Natural Mystic" Zimbabwe 80
www.youtube.com/watch?v=oRhbwXL6MRk&mode=related&s... Bob Marley "Natural Mystic" Zimbabwe 80
This is Bob's Performance at the Zimbabwe Independance Celebration; when Rhodesia became Zimbabwe Again in 1980. this is a very important video since it shows bob's final performance in Africa. This is a live performance in Jamaica - Bob is at his height and praying to his majesty to lead the world higher - begging the crowd to wake up and live.
Bob Marley "Want More" UK 76 Tour - while bob was living in London
YouTube - Bob Marley - Criteria Studio Rehearsals
www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcXH_MbWaXU&mode=related&s... Bob Marley - Criteria Studio Rehearsals
Bob Marley Revolution
Bob Live in the Studios of Tuff Gong This is the video of Bro. Berhane Selassie's (Hon. Robert Nesta Marley) Homegoing Ceremony - mixed with a video of him performing the song Natural Mystic. This is a very special video and holds the true essence. Released in 2006; this is the most recently released Bob Marley Song and Video. it was recorded in 1979/80 from what we can gather. it also shows more recent protests globally and Bob Singing about the Turmoil.
YouTube - Bob Marley & The Wailers - Smile Jamaica
www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8ZxEl795jw&mode=related&s... Smile Jamaica - recorded at the Smile Jamaica Concert. this is post shooting during the turbulence which eventually led Bob and the Wailers on the road and to England for a year or so. YouTube - Bob Marley "Redemption Song" in New York City
www.youtube.com/watch?v=VN7OKk534Jk&mode=related&s... Bob Marley "Redemption Song" in New York City
Bob Marley Redemption Song
Bob Marley Crazy Baldheads - live 9 minute version "Excellent"
YouTube - Bob Marley - Live at the Amandla Festival 1979
www.youtube.com/watch?v=36gJLXYHyCk&mode=related&s... Bob Marley - Live at the Amandla Festival 1979
YouTube - Bob Marley "Redemption Song" in New York City
www.youtube.com/watch?v=VN7OKk534Jk&mode=related&s... Bob Marley "Redemption Song" in New York City on his final tour.
days after this, Bob collapsed in Central Park and the rest is history. Videos of Foundation Artists
YouTube - JACOB MILLER - RASTAMAN (SOUL REBEL) - LIVE JAMAICA - 1978
www.youtube.com/watch?v=VADhR4c-muA&mode=related&s... JACOB MILLER - RASTAMAN (SOUL REBEL) - LIVE JAMAICA - 1978
YouTube - PRINCE FAR I - THROW AWAY YOUR GUN (SOUNDTRACK)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbp8UnD9U20&mode=related&s... rare video of Prince Fari and the Arabs at a soundset in Jamaica of the 70's during the political riots.
YouTube - JACOB MILLER - TIRED FE LICK WEED IN A BUSH - JAMAICA 1978
www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ipRU-mz4mQ&mode=related&s... JACOB MILLER - TIRED FE LICK WEED IN A BUSH - JAMAICA 1978
JACOB MILLER : We a rockers - from the movie "Rockers"
YouTube - Hugh Mundell & Augustus Pablo - Jah Will Provide + Ital Slip
www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9-etfo_n0Q&mode=related&s... shot in the Jamaica of the early 70's. includes shots of Selassie's visit to JA; also Papa URoy opens the set. this may be the only video of Hugh Mundell so tht alone makes it a classic. YouTube - BPM AT THE DUB CLUB INTERVIEW(1990s)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9Y0O6YARR8&mode=related&s... Junior Reid pre Black Uhuru and Augustus Pablo on a British TV Show - 70's
DENNIS BROWN - LIVE - JAMAICA 1978
YouTube - U-roy and Brigadier Jerry on King Stur Gav
www.youtube.com/watch?v=2awuZPPe21A&mode=related&s... U-roy and Brigadier Jerry on King Stur Gav
King Stur Gav is the greatest foundation sound to emerge from Jamaica. ASID Hi Power SoundSystem is a follower of Stur Gav's Smooth Cultural Based Sound. Big Up Stur Gav a You Rule Dis Bizniz. More Marleys
YouTube - redemption song-lauren hill-ziggy marley-tributo bob marley
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ceP9pdPYGJc&mode=related&s... Ziggy Marley and Lauren Hill do a live tribute to Bob Marley singing Redemption Song. Beautiful and Memorable.. Damian Marley - Move
Damian Marley-Still searching
YouTube - Damian Marley feat Capleton - It Was Written
www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOfSEg9qa4o&mode=related&s... Damian Marley feat Capleton - It Was Written
Damian Marley on Jimmy Kimmel Live
YouTube - Damian Marley feat Bobby Brown - Beautiful @ MELODYMAKERS.de
www.youtube.com/watch?v=rry3-Mu7FaI&mode=related&s... Damian Marley feat Bobby Brown - Beautiful
YouTube - Damian Marley ft. Nas - Road To Zion
www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAhqjZx2PME&mode=related&s... this is a hip hop / reggae dancehall collaboration with Nas. showing the next generation is still carrying the same message YouTube - Damian Marley - Welcomme To Jamrock Live Studio
www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jjfSoP25U0&mode=related&s... Live in the studio recording "Jamrock" this is live at the New Tuff Gong Studios in Kingston. YouTube - Damian Marley - Welcome To Jamrock @ MELODYMAKERS.de
www.youtube.com/watch?v=XflRKbiHrTo&mode=related&s... Welcome to Jam Rock - the first grammy from the second generation YouTube - Stephen Marley "The Traffic Jam" feat. Damian Marley
www.youtube.com/watch?v=rt_rXWmrRQ4&NR=1 The Traffic Jam feat. Damien Jr Gong Marley Bob Marley - "Catch A Fire" 1 - 6
YouTube - Bob Marley & the Wailers - Catch a Fire 1999 part 1
www.youtube.com/watch?v=JY4Ym6oNos0&mode=related&s... Bob Marley & the Wailers - Catch a Fire 1999 part 1
YouTube - Bob Marley & the Wailers - Catch a Fire 1999 part 2
www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzV6jhA77G4&mode=related&s... Bob Marley & the Wailers - Catch a Fire 1999 part 2
YouTube - Bob Marley & the Wailers - Catch a Fire 1999 part 3
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jr0tb-t4WVo&mode=related&s... Bob Marley & the Wailers - Catch a Fire 1999 part 3
YouTube - Bob Marley & the Wailers - Catch a Fire 1999 part 4
www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6QUZgUwhoE&mode=related&s... Bob Marley & the Wailers - Catch a Fire 1999 part 4
YouTube - Bob Marley & the Wailers - Catch a Fire 1999 part 5
www.youtube.com/watch?v=yoqcCMei3cI&mode=related&s... YouTube - Bob Marley & the Wailers - Catch a Fire 1999 part 6
www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oX9AUgVjXs&mode=related&s... Bob Marley & the Wailers - Catch a Fire 1999 part 6
|
On
Tuesday morning dreadlocked men in red, gold and green outfits formed a
circle around the fire, while a heavily-bearded elderly priest intoned
a prayer in an unfamiliar Caribbean accent. This is followed by the
recitation of scriptures from Psalms. 
Rastafari
means:-
In 1974, Emperor Haile Selassie was detained and overthrown by the Marxist dictator Mengistu Haile Mariam in a 1974 coup (In 1960 Selassie’s son, Asfa Wossan lead an unsuccessful coup against his father. His dad forgave him but all the other leaders of the coup are executed.)
Even though many Rastafarians condemned the funeral, a few attended. The most prominent Rastafarian to attend was Rita Marley. Many of Rastafarians who attended insisted their presence was to observe the proceedings and not to participate, as they did not think it was the body of Emperor Haile Selassie. Princess Tenagnework, his only surviving child, was present at the funeral, as were many of his grandchildren.
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