Occam's Razor

The principle that, other things being equal, the most preferred explanation of something should be the one which makes fewest assumptions, or more generally, is the simplest tenable explanation.

A principle of simplicity that if we can explain something adequately without introducing further complexity that further complexity should not be brought forth – it would be an unnecessary complication. This turns upon having a clear idea of what constitutes an ‘adequate explanation’ in the context of the particular case. 

After English philosopher William of Ockham or Occam (c. 1285-c. 1349).

(see also: conservatism (scientific), alternative explanations, Affirming the consequent, verification, confirmation, viability, theory (scientific), explanatory power, null hypothesis, viability, verification, science, scientific approach, scientific methodology, pseudo-science, systematic evidence, evolution, anecdotal evidence, (conceptual) models, operational definition, critical thinking, falsifiability, testability, possibilities, bare, Seeking structure in chance and randomness...)

Also known as the principle+of+parsimony.

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