An Government Of Canada Job employer is a person or institution Government Of Canada Job that hires employees or Government Of Canada Job workers. Government Of Canada Job Employers offer wages or a salary to the workers in exchange for the worker's labor power, depending upon whether Job Ontario Support Tech the Government Of Canada Job employee is paid by Government Of Canada Job the hour or a Government Of Canada Job set rate per Government Of Canada Job pay Government Of Canada Job period. A salaried employee is typically not paid more for more hours worked than the minimum, whereas wages are paid for all hours worked, including overtime.
Employers Government Of Canada Job include everything from individuals hiring a babysitter Government Of Canada Job to governments and businesses which may hire many thousands Government Of Canada Job of employees. In most western societies governments are the largest single employers, Government Of Canada Job but most Government Of Canada Job of Government Of Canada Job the work force is Government Of Canada Job employed in small and medium businesses Government Of Canada Job in the Government Of Canada Job private sector.
Note that although employees Government Of Canada Job may contribute to the evolution of an an Government Of Canada Job enterprise, the Government Of Canada Job employer Government Of Canada Job maintains autonomous control over the productive base of land and capital, and is the entity Government Of Canada Job named in contracts. The employer typically also maintains ownership of intellectual Government Of Canada Job property created by an employee within the scope Government Of Canada Job of employment and as a function thereof. These are known as "works for hire".
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An employers� relative level of power over employees is dependent upon Government Of Canada Job numerous Government Of Canada Job factors; the most Government Of Canada Job influential being the Government Of Canada Job nature of the Government Of Canada Job employment relationship. The relationship employers share with employees is affected by three significant factors � interests, control and motivation. Government Of Canada Job It is up to employers to effectively manage and balance these factors to ensure a harmonious and productive working relationship.
The balance of economic efficiency and social equity Government Of Canada Job is the ultimate debate in the field of employment relations. By meeting the needs of the Government Of Canada Job employer; generating profits to establish and maintain economic efficiency; whilst maintaining a Government Of Canada Job balance with the employee and creating social equity that benefits Government Of Canada Job the worker so that he/she can fund and enjoy healthy Hay Job Descriptions living; proves to Government Of Canada Job be a continuous revolving issue in Government Of Canada Job westernised Government Of Canada Job societies.
Globalisation has effected these issues by creating certain economic factors that disallow or allow various employment issues. Economist Edward Lee (1996) studies the effects of globalisation and Government Of Canada Job summarizes the four major points Government Of Canada Job of concern that effect employment relations: (1) International competition, from the newly industrialized countries, will cause unemployment growth and increased Government Of Canada Job wage disparity for unskilled workers in Government Of Canada Job industrialized countries. Imports from low-wage countries exert pressure on the manufacturing sector in industrialized countries and Government Of Canada Job foreign direct investment (FDI) is attracted away from the industrialized nations, towards low-waged countries. (2) Economic liberalization will result in Government Of Canada Job unemployment and Government Of Canada Job wage inequality in developing Government Of Canada Job countries. This happens as job losses in un-competitive industries Government Of Canada Job outstrip job opportunities in new industries. Workers will be forced to accept worsening wages and conditions, as a global labour market results in a �race to the bottom�. Increased international competition creates a pressure Government Of Canada Job to reduce the wages and conditions of workers. Globalization reduces the autonomy of the nation state. Capital is increasingly mobile and the ability of the state to regulate economic activity is reduced.
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What also result�s to Lee�s (1996) findings is that Government Of Canada Job in industrialized countries an average of Government Of Canada Job almost Government Of Canada Job 70 per cent of workers are employed in the service sector, most of which consists of non-tradable activities. As a result Government Of Canada Job workers are either Government Of Canada Job forced to become more skilled an develop sought after trades or become of this sector. Ultimately this is a result of changes and trends of employment, an evolving workforce and globalisation that is represented by a more skilled and increasing highly diverse labour force, that are Government Of Canada Job growing in non standard forms of employment
Interests can be best described as monetary constraints and economic pressures placed on organizations in their pursuit of profits. It covers facets such as labour productivity, wages and the effect of financial markets on businesses.
Wood et al (2004, p 355) describe Government Of Canada Job control can as being either output focused, focusing on Government Of Canada Job desired Government Of Canada Job targets with within Government Of Canada Job managers defining, and using, their own methods for reaching targets, Government Of Canada Job or process controls, which specify the manner in which tasks will be achieved (Ibid, p. 357). Employer and managerial control within an organization rests at many levels and has important implications for staff and productivity alike, with control forming the fundamental link between Government Of Canada Job desired outcomes and actual processes. Thus employers must balance interests such as decreasing wage Government Of Canada Job constraints with a maximization of labour productivity in order to achieve a prolific employment relationship.
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Motivation is the third and most difficult of the Government Of Canada Job factors in Government Of Canada Job the employment relationship for employers Government Of Canada Job to effectively manage. Employee motivation can often be in direct conflict with control mechanisms of employers, and can be broadly defined as that which energizes, Government Of Canada Job directs and sustains human behaviour ( Stone, 2005, p 412). Dubin (1958, p 213) further Government Of Canada Job elaborates on this, noting motivation as �something that moves a person to action, and continues him in the course Government Of Canada Job of action already initiated.�
The employment relationship is thus a difficult challenge for employers to manage, as all three facets are often in direct competition with each other, with interests, control and motivation often clashing in the equally important quest for individual employee autonomy ,employer command and ultimate profits. |
