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Film is Chinatown The Movie a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field Chinatown The Movie of film as an art form, and the

Chinatown The Movie

motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects. Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of Chinatown The Movie popular entertainment and a powerful method for educating � or indoctrinating � citizens. The visual elements of cinema gives motion pictures a universal power of

Chinatown The Movie

communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the Chinatown The Movie dialogue. Traditional films are made

Chinatown The Movie

up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. Chinatown The Movie The viewer cannot see the flickering between frames due

Chinatown The Movie

to an effect known Chinatown The Movie as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a The origin of the name "film" comes from the Chinatown The Movie fact that photographic film Chinatown The Movie (also called film stock) Chinatown The Movie had historically been the Chinatown The Movie primary Chinatown The Movie medium for recording and displaying motion Chinatown The Movie pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, Chinatown The Movie movie. Additional terms Chinatown The Movie for the field Chinatown The Movie in general include the big screen, the silver Chinatown The Movie screen, the cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for Chinatown The Movie producing artificially created, two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated with devices Chinatown The Movie such as the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences Chinatown The Movie of still pictures at sufficient speed Chinatown The Movie for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve Chinatown The Movie the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation. A Chinatown The Movie frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, Chinatown The Movie by Louis Le Prince, 1888 With the development of celluloid film for still photography, it became possible to directly capture Racer X Movie Poster objects in motion in real time. Early versions Chinatown The Movie of the technology sometimes required a person Chinatown The Movie to Chinatown The Movie look Chinatown The Movie into a viewing machine Chinatown The Movie to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a Chinatown The Movie drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to Chinatown The Movie 10 pictures per second depending on how rapidly the crank was Chinatown The Movie turned. Some of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component images to be captured and Chinatown The Movie stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development Chinatown The Movie of a motion picture projector to shine light through the processed and printed film Chinatown The Movie and magnify these "moving picture shows" onto a screen for Chinatown The Movie an entire audience. These How To Make Claymation Movie reels, Chinatown The Movie so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static Chinatown The Movie shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques. Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments Chinatown The Movie (1894), commercial motion Chinatown The Movie pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn Chinatown The Movie of Chinatown The Movie the twentieth century, films began developing a narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and Chinatown The Movie angles. Chinatown The Movie Other techniques such as camera movement were realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Rather Chinatown The Movie than leave the audience in silence, theater Chinatown The Movie owners would Chinatown The Movie hire Chinatown The Movie a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play Chinatown The Movie music fitting the mood of Chinatown The Movie the film Chinatown The Movie at any given moment. By the early 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete Chinatown The Movie film scores being Chinatown The Movie composed for major productions. A shot from Georges Melies Chinatown The Movie Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), Chinatown The Movie an early narrative film. The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while the film industry in United States flourished with the rise Chinatown The Movie of

Chinatown The Movie

Hollywood. However Chinatown The Movie in the 1920s, European filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with Chinatown The Movie American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton Chinatown The Movie and others, continued to advance Chinatown The Movie the medium. Chinatown The Movie In the 1920s, new technology allowed Chinatown The Movie filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with Chinatown The Movie the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished by calling them "talking pictures", or talkies. The next major step in

Chinatown The Movie

the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making Chinatown The Movie it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color Chinatown The Movie processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white film, more and more movies were filmed Chinatown The Movie in color after Chinatown The Movie the end of World War II, as the industry in America came to view color as essential to attracting audiences in its Chinatown The Movie competition with television, which remained a Chinatown The Movie black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By the Chinatown The Movie end of the 1960s, col Since the decline of the studio system

Chinatown The Movie

in the

Chinatown The Movie

1960s, the succeeding decades saw changes in the production and style of film. New Hollywood, French New Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of the changes the Chinatown The Movie medium experienced Chinatown The Movie in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the 1990s and into the 21st century. Theory Main article: Film theory Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film Chinatown The Movie as art. Chinatown The Movie It was started by Ricciotto Canudo's Chinatown The Movie The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film

Chinatown The Movie

theory, led by Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Chinatown The Movie Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing Chinatown The Movie that film's artistic essence lay Chinatown The Movie in its ability to mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave Chinatown The Movie rise to realist theory. More recent analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's This American Life Movie semiotics among other things has given rise to Chinatown The Movie psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others. Criticism Main article: Film criticism Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media. Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new Chinatown The Movie releases. Normally they only see any given film once and have only a day or two Chinatown The Movie to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important Chinatown The Movie impact on films, especially those of certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected Chinatown The Movie by a Chinatown The Movie critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an Chinatown The Movie important impact on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews will often doom a film to obscurity Chinatown The Movie and

Chinatown The Movie

financial Chinatown The Movie loss. The impact of a Chinatown The Movie reviewer on a given film's Chinatown The Movie box office Chinatown The Movie performance is a matter of debate. Some claim that movie marketing is now so intense and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact against Chinatown The Movie it. However, the cataclysmic failure Chinatown The Movie of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, Chinatown The Movie as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates Chinatown The Movie that extreme critical reactions can have Chinatown The Movie considerable influence. Others note Chinatown The Movie that positive film reviews have been shown Chinatown The Movie to Chinatown The Movie spark interest in little-known films. Conversely, there have been several films in which film companies have so little Chinatown The Movie confidence that they refuse to give reviewers an advanced Chinatown The Movie viewing to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually backfires as reviewers are wise to the tactic and Chinatown The Movie warn the public that Chinatown The Movie the film Chinatown The Movie may not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result. It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known Chinatown The Movie as film reviewers, Chinatown The Movie and Chinatown The Movie true film critics

Chinatown The Movie

are those who take a more academic approach to films. This line of Chinatown The Movie work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect Chinatown The Movie they have on people. Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear Chinatown The Movie on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities. Industry Main article: Film industry The making and showing of motion pictures became Chinatown The Movie a source of profit almost as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful their Chinatown The Movie new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Chinatown The Movie Lumieres quickly set about Chinatown The Movie touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and Chinatown The Movie publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes Chinatown The Movie to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs Chinatown The Movie in the various countries of Europe to buy Chinatown The Movie their equipment and photograph, export, import Chinatown The Movie and screen additional product commercially. The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] was the first commercial motion picture ever Chinatown The Movie produced. Other pictures soon followed, and Chinatown The Movie motion pictures became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and Chinatown The Movie distribute films, while motion picture actors became major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a Chinatown The Movie contract that called for an Chinatown The Movie annual salary of one Chinatown The Movie million dollars. In the United States today, much of the film industry is centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of the world, such as Mumbai-centered Bollywood, the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length Chinatown The Movie films a year produced by the Valley pornographic Chinatown The Movie film industry should qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Though the Chinatown The Movie expense involved Chinatown The Movie in making movies has led cinema production Chinatown The Movie to concentrate under the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have allowed independent film productions to flourish. Profit is a key force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films have large cost overruns, Chinatown The Movie a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet many filmmakers Chinatown The Movie strive to create works Chinatown The Movie of lasting social significance. The Academy Awards (also

Chinatown The Movie

known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film awards in the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits. There is also a large industry for Chinatown The Movie educational and instructional films Chinatown The Movie made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts. Preview A Chinatown The Movie preview performance refers to a showing of a movie to a Chinatown The Movie select audience, Chinatown The Movie usually Chinatown The Movie for the Chinatown The Movie purposes of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere Chinatown The Movie itself. Previews Chinatown The Movie are sometimes used to judge Chinatown The Movie audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain Chinatown The Movie sections. (cf Audience Chinatown The Movie response.) Trailer Main article: Trailer (film) Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in Chinatown The Movie the future at a cinema, on whose screen they are shown. The term Chinatown The Movie "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at Chinatown The Movie the end of a film programme. That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the Chinatown The Movie theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the A movie in a double feature program) begins. The nature of the film Chinatown The Movie determines Chinatown The Movie the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films Chinatown The Movie need Chinatown The Movie computer generated imagery Chinatown The Movie (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also, an open source film may Chinatown The Movie be produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a Chinatown The Movie variety of economic contexts that range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the American studio system. This production cycle typically Chinatown The Movie takes three years. The first year is taken up with development. The second Chinatown The Movie year Chinatown The Movie comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution. Crew Main article: Film Chinatown The Movie crew A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" or "photography" phase, for Chinatown The Movie the purpose of producing a film or Chinatown The Movie motion picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors who

Chinatown The Movie

appear in front Chinatown The Movie of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The Chinatown The Movie crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, Chinatown The Movie managers, company representatives, Chinatown The Movie their assistants, and those whose primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for interaction and cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props

Chinatown The Movie

and costumes, shooting, sound, electrics (i.e.,

Chinatown The Movie

lights), sets, Chinatown The Movie and production special effects. Caterers (known in the film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the crew. Technology Film stock consists of transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the first type of film base used to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced Chinatown The Movie by safer materials. Stock widths and Chinatown The Movie the film format for images on the reel have had a rich history, though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints. Originally moving picture film was

Chinatown The Movie

shot and projected at Chinatown The Movie various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited as a standard silent Chinatown The Movie speed, research indicates most films Chinatown The Movie were shot between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and projected from 18 frame/s on Chinatown The Movie up (often reels included instructions on Chinatown The Movie how fast each scene should be shown) Chinatown The Movie [1]. When sound Chinatown The Movie film was introduced in the late 1920s, a constant speed was required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and thus cheapest) speed which Chinatown The Movie allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late Chinatown The Movie 19th century include the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera, the invention of more sophisticated filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to Chinatown The Movie film in increasingly dim conditions, and the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be recorded at exactly the same speed

Chinatown The Movie

as

Chinatown The Movie

its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously. As a medium, film is not limited to motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. Chinatown The Movie It can be used Chinatown The Movie to Chinatown The Movie present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Chinatown The Movie Film has Chinatown The Movie also been Chinatown The Movie incorporated into multimedia presentations, and often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation Chinatown The Movie and storage, and the motion picture industry Chinatown The Movie is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been Chinatown The Movie copied onto modern safety films. Some studios save color films through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed through red, green, or blue Chinatown The Movie filters (essentially Chinatown The Movie a reverse of the Technicolor Chinatown The Movie process). Digital methods have also been used Chinatown The Movie to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as Chinatown The Movie of 2006) a poor choice for Chinatown The Movie long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and Chinatown The Movie to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to make them Chinatown The Movie available Chinatown The Movie to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally Chinatown The Movie a higher-concern for nitrate and single-strip color films, due to their high decay Chinatown The Movie rates; black and white films on safety bases and Chinatown The Movie color films preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming proper Chinatown The Movie handling and storage. Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television Chinatown The Movie production. Modern digital video cameras and Chinatown The Movie digital projectors are gaining ground as well. Chinatown The Movie These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited without waiting for the Chinatown The Movie film stock to be processed. Yet the migration is gradual, and as of 2005 most major motion pictures Chinatown The Movie are still Chinatown The Movie recorded on film. Independent Main Chinatown The Movie article: Independent film The Lumiere Brothers Independent filmmaking

Chinatown The Movie

often takes place outside of Hollywood, or Chinatown The Movie other Chinatown The Movie major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) Chinatown The Movie is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major Chinatown The Movie movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th Chinatown The Movie and early 21st century. On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There Chinatown The Movie is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner

Chinatown The Movie

Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to Chinatown The Movie get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or Chinatown The Movie she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles. Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being Chinatown The Movie able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing Youth Without Youth Movie inflation: in 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according Chinatown The Movie to Variety.[2]. But the advent Chinatown The Movie of consumer

Chinatown The Movie

camcorders in 1985, and more Chinatown The Movie importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early Chinatown The Movie 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to Chinatown The Movie movie production significantly. Chinatown The Movie Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such Chinatown The Movie as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system Chinatown The Movie pro-level software like Adobe Premiere Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Chinatown The Movie Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive. Since the introduction of Chinatown The Movie DV technology, the means of production have become more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit Chinatown The Movie the sound and music, and mix Chinatown The Movie the final cut on a home computer. However, while Chinatown The Movie the means of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, Chinatown The Movie and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside the traditional system. Most independent Chinatown The Movie filmmakers rely on film festivals to get Chinatown The Movie their films noticed Chinatown The Movie and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Veoh has further changed Chinatown The Movie the film making landscape in

Chinatown The Movie

ways that are still Chinatown The Movie to be Chinatown The Movie determined. Open content film Main article: Open content film An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; Chinatown The Movie its source material is Chinatown The Movie available Chinatown The Movie under Chinatown The Movie a license Chinatown The Movie which is permissive Chinatown The Movie enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent Chinatown The Movie filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. Fan film Main article: Fan

Chinatown The Movie

film A fan film is a film or video inspired Chinatown The Movie by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's Chinatown The Movie copyright Chinatown The Movie holders Chinatown The Movie or Chinatown The Movie creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films have actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan films Chinatown The Movie vary tremendously in length, Chinatown The Movie from short faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer Chinatown The Movie full-length motion pictures Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by Chinatown The Movie photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making Chinatown The Movie small changes Chinatown The Movie to a model unit (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing Chinatown The Movie the Chinatown The Movie result with a special animation camera. When the frames Chinatown The Movie are strung together and the resulting film is Chinatown The Movie viewed at Chinatown The Movie a speed Chinatown The Movie of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence

Chinatown The Movie

of vision). Generating such a film Chinatown The Movie is very labour intensive and tedious, though the Chinatown The Movie development Chinatown The Movie of Chinatown The Movie computer animation has greatly sped up the process. File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave and Chinatown The Movie Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet. Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the majority of animation for Chinatown The Movie TV and movies comes from professional animation Chinatown The Movie studios. However, Chinatown The Movie the field of independent animation has existed at least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by Chinatown The Movie independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers have Chinatown The Movie gone on to enter the professional animation industry. Limited animation is a way of increasing Chinatown The Movie production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation Chinatown The Movie process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from Chinatown The Movie movie theaters to television.[3] Although most animation Chinatown The Movie studios Chinatown The Movie are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless animation, made Chinatown The Movie famous by moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len Lye and Stan Brakhage, is painted and drawn directly onto pieces Chinatown The Movie of film, and then Chinatown The Movie run through a projector. Venues When it is initially Chinatown The Movie produced, Chinatown The Movie a feature film is often Chinatown The Movie shown to audiences in a Chinatown The Movie movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed Chinatown The Movie exclusively for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were Chinatown The Movie built Chinatown The Movie or converted from Chinatown The Movie existing facilities within a few years.[5] In the Chinatown The Movie United Chinatown The Movie States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents). Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before Chinatown The Movie the 1970s, Chinatown The Movie there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a Chinatown The Movie lump Chinatown The Movie sum, and a "B picture"

Chinatown The Movie

of lower quality rented for a percentage of the Chinatown The Movie gross receipts. Today, the bulk of Chinatown The Movie the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies and paid Chinatown The Movie advertisements (also known as trailers or "The Twenty"). Historically, all mass marketed feature films were made to be shown Chinatown The Movie in movie theaters. The development of

Chinatown The Movie

television Chinatown The Movie has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film Chinatown The Movie is no longer being shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on VHS or DVD (and the older Chinatown The Movie formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may be available and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed,

Chinatown The Movie

some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through these markets. The movie theater Chinatown The Movie pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees.[6] The actual Meerkat Movie percentage Chinatown The Movie starts with a number higher than Chinatown The Movie that, and decreases as the duration Chinatown The Movie of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly Chinatown The Movie marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in first-run theaters for Chinatown The Movie less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often limited-release movies that Chinatown The Movie start in only a few theaters and

Chinatown The Movie

actually grow their theater count through good Chinatown The Movie word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6] Future state While motion picture films have been around for more than Chinatown The Movie a century, film is still a relative newcomer in the Chinatown The Movie pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when television became widely available, industry analysts Chinatown The Movie predicted the demise of local movie theaters. Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large Chinatown The Movie screens, motion picture cinemas continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled Chinatown The Movie people to select films for home

Chinatown The Movie

viewing, industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death Chinatown The Movie of the local cinemas. In the 1990s and 2000s the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided Chinatown The Movie audio and Chinatown The Movie visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, clear widescreen presentation of a film Chinatown The Movie with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker Chinatown The Movie sound system. Once again industry analysts predicted the demise of the local cinema. Local cinemas will be Chinatown The Movie changing in Chinatown The Movie the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a Chinatown The Movie new approach Chinatown The Movie which will allow for easier Chinatown The Movie and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise. The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes of a new DVD format Blu-ray, which can provide full HD 1080p video Chinatown The Movie playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that Chinatown The Movie film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The Chinatown The Movie maximum Chinatown The Movie resolutions that film currently offers are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a massive resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor Chinatown The Movie to these new innovations is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution. Despite the rise Chinatown The Movie of all new technologies, the Chinatown The Movie development of Chinatown The Movie the home video market and a Chinatown The Movie surge of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in film that showed the highest ever box-office grosses. Many expected film to suffer as a result of the effects listed above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations for the future. The Notebook The Movie

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