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Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as Racer X Movie Poster an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are Racer X Movie Poster produced by recording images Racer X Movie Poster from

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the world Racer X Movie Poster with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects. Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures,

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and, in Racer X Movie Poster turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important Racer X Movie Poster art form, a source of popular entertainment Racer X Movie Poster and a powerful method Racer X Movie Poster for educating � or indoctrinating � Racer X Movie Poster citizens. The visual elements Racer X Movie Poster of cinema gives motion pictures a universal Racer X Movie Poster power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing Racer X Movie Poster or subtitles that translate the dialogue. Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown Racer X Movie Poster rapidly Racer X Movie Poster in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer Racer X Movie Poster cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a The origin of the name "film" comes Racer X Movie Poster from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and Racer X Movie Poster most commonly, movie. Additional terms for the Racer X Movie Poster field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the

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cinema, and the movies.In the 1860s, mechanisms for producing artificially created, two-dimensional Racer X Movie Poster images in motion were demonstrated with devices such as the zoetrope and the Racer X Movie Poster praxinoscope. These machines were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such as magic lanterns) and would display sequences of still pictures at Racer X Movie Poster sufficient speed for the images on the pictures to appear to be moving, a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally, the images needed to be Racer X Movie Poster carefully designed Racer X Movie Poster to achieve the desired effect � and the underlying principle became the

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basis for the development of film animation. A frame from Roundhay Garden Scene, the world's earliest film, by Louis Le Prince, Racer X Movie Poster 1888 With the development of celluloid film for still Racer X Movie Poster photography, it became Racer X Movie Poster possible to directly capture Racer X Movie Poster objects in motion in real time. Early versions Racer X Movie Poster of the technology sometimes required a person to look into a viewing machine to see the pictures which were separate paper prints attached to a drum turned by a handcrank. The pictures were shown at a variable speed of about 5 to 10 pictures per second Racer X Movie Poster depending Racer X Movie Poster on how rapidly the crank was turned. Some Racer X Movie Poster of these machines were coin operated. By the 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed the individual component Racer X Movie Poster images to be Racer X Movie Poster captured and stored on a single reel, and led quickly to the development of a Racer X Movie Poster motion

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picture Racer X Movie Poster projector to shine light through the processed and Racer X Movie Poster printed film and Racer X Movie Poster magnify these "moving picture shows" Racer X Movie Poster onto

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a screen for an entire audience. Racer X Movie Poster These reels, so exhibited, came to be known as "motion pictures". Early motion pictures were static shots that showed an event or action with no editing or other cinematic techniques. Ignoring Dickson's early sound experiments (1894), commercial motion pictures were purely visual art through the late 19th century, but these innovative silent films had gained a hold on the public imagination. Around the turn of the twentieth century, films began developing a Racer X Movie Poster narrative structure by stringing scenes together to tell narratives. The Racer X Movie Poster scenes were later broken up into multiple shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques such as camera movement were Racer X Movie Poster realized as effective ways to portray a story on film. Racer X Movie Poster Rather than leave the audience in Racer X Movie Poster silence, theater owners would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra to play music Racer X Movie Poster fitting the mood of the film at any given moment. By the early Racer X Movie Poster 1920s, most films came with a prepared list of sheet music for this purpose, with complete film scores being composed for major productions. A shot Racer X Movie Poster from Georges Racer X Movie Poster Melies Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Racer X Movie Poster Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film. The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the breakout of World War I while Racer X Movie Poster the film Racer X Movie Poster industry in United States Racer X Movie Poster flourished with the rise of Hollywood. However in the Racer X Movie Poster 1920s, Racer X Movie Poster European filmmakers such Racer X Movie Poster as Sergei Eisenstein, F. W. Murnau, and Fritz Lang, along with American innovator D. W. Griffith and the contributions of Charles Chaplin, Racer X Movie Poster Buster Keaton and others, continued to advance Racer X Movie Poster the medium. In the 1920s, new technology allowed filmmakers to attach to each film a soundtrack of speech, music and sound effects synchronized with the action on the screen. These sound films were initially distinguished Racer X Movie Poster by Racer X Movie Poster calling Racer X Movie Poster them "talking pictures", or talkies. The next major Racer X Movie Poster step in the development of cinema was the introduction of so-called "natural" color. While Racer X Movie Poster the addition of sound quickly eclipsed silent film and theater musicians, color was adopted more gradually as methods evolved making it more practical and cost effective to produce "natural color" films. The public was relatively indifferent to color photography as opposed to black-and-white,[citation needed] but as color processes improved and became as affordable as black-and-white Racer X Movie Poster film, more and more movies were filmed in

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color after the end of Racer X Movie Poster World War II, as the industry in America came to view color

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as essential to attracting audiences in its competition with television, which remained a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s. By Racer X Movie Poster the end of the 1960s, col Since the decline Racer X Movie Poster of the studio Racer X Movie Poster system in the 1960s, the succeeding Racer X Movie Poster decades Racer X Movie Poster saw changes in the production and style of film. New Racer X Movie Poster Hollywood, French Racer X Movie Poster New Racer X Movie Poster Wave and the rise of film school educated independent filmmakers were all part of Racer X Movie Poster the changes the medium experienced in the latter half of the 20th century. Digital technology has been the driving force in change throughout the Racer X Movie Poster 1990s and into the Racer X Movie Poster 21st century. Theory Main article: Film theory Film theory seeks to develop concise and systematic concepts that apply to the study of film as art. It was started by Ricciotto Racer X Movie Poster Canudo's The Birth of the Sixth Art. Formalist film theory, led by Racer X Movie Poster Rudolf Arnheim, Bela Balazs, and Siegfried Kracauer, emphasized how film differed from reality, and thus could be Racer X Movie Poster considered a valid fine art. Andre Bazin reacted against this theory by arguing that film's artistic essence lay in its Racer X Movie Poster ability to Racer X Movie Poster mechanically reproduce reality not in its differences from reality, and this gave rise to realist theory. More recent Racer X Movie Poster analysis spurred by Lacan's psychoanalysis and Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics among other things has given rise to psychoanalytical film theory, structuralist film theory, feminist film theory and others. Criticism Main article: Film criticism Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films. Racer X Movie Poster In general, these works can be divided into two categories: academic criticism by film scholars and journalistic film criticism that appears regularly in newspapers and other media. Film critics working for newspapers, magazines, and broadcast media mainly review new releases. Normally they only see any Racer X Movie Poster given film once and have only a day or two to formulate opinions. Despite this, critics have an important impact on films, especially those of Racer X Movie Poster certain genres. Mass marketed action, horror, and comedy films tend not to be greatly affected by a critic's overall judgment of a film. The plot summary and description of a film that makes up the majority of any film review can still have an important impact

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on whether people decide to see a film. For prestige films such as Racer X Movie Poster most dramas, the influence of reviews is extremely important. Poor reviews Racer X Movie Poster will often doom a film to obscurity and financial loss. The impact of a reviewer on a given film's box office performance Racer X Movie Poster is a matter of debate. Racer X Movie Poster Some claim Racer X Movie Poster that movie marketing Racer X Movie Poster is now so intense Racer X Movie Poster and well financed that reviewers cannot make an impact Racer X Movie Poster against it. However, the cataclysmic failure of some heavily-promoted movies which were harshly reviewed, as well as the unexpected success of critically praised independent movies indicates that extreme critical reactions can have considerable influence. Others

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note that positive film reviews have been shown to spark interest in Racer X Movie Poster little-known Racer X Movie Poster films. Conversely, there have been several films in which Racer X Movie Poster film companies have so little confidence that Racer X Movie Poster they refuse to give reviewers an advanced viewing Racer X Movie Poster to avoid widespread panning of the film. However, this usually Racer X Movie Poster backfires as Racer X Movie Poster reviewers are wise to the tactic and warn Racer X Movie Poster the public that the film may Racer X Movie Poster not be worth seeing and the films often do poorly as a result. It is argued that journalist film critics should only be known as film reviewers, Racer X Movie Poster and true film critics are those who take a more academic approach to films. This Racer X Movie Poster line of work is more often known as film theory or film studies. These film critics attempt to come to Racer X Movie Poster understand how film and filming techniques work, and what effect they have on people. Racer X Movie Poster Rather than having their works published in newspapers or appear on television, their articles are published in scholarly journals, or sometimes in up-market magazines. They also tend to be affiliated with colleges or universities. Industry Main article: Film industry The making and showing of motion pictures became Racer X Movie Poster a source of profit almost Racer X Movie Poster as soon as the process was invented. Upon seeing how successful Racer X Movie Poster their new invention, and its product, was in their native France, the Lumieres quickly set about touring the Continent to exhibit the first films privately to royalty and publicly to the masses. In each country, they would normally add new, local scenes to their catalogue and, quickly enough, found local entrepreneurs in the various countries of Europe to buy their equipment and Racer X Movie Poster photograph, export, import and Racer X Movie Poster screen additional product commercially.

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The Oberammergau Passion Play of 1898[citation needed] Racer X Movie Poster was the first commercial motion picture ever produced. Other pictures soon followed, and motion pictures Racer X Movie Poster became a separate industry that overshadowed the vaudeville world. Dedicated theaters and companies formed specifically to produce and distribute films, while motion picture actors became Racer X Movie Poster major celebrities and commanded huge fees for their performances. Already by 1917, Charlie Chaplin had a contract that called for an annual salary of one million dollars. In the United States today, much of the film industry is Racer X Movie Poster centered around Hollywood. Other regional centers exist in many parts of Racer X Movie Poster the world, such as Racer X Movie Poster Mumbai-centered Bollywood, Racer X Movie Poster the Indian film industry's Hindi cinema which produces the Racer X Movie Poster largest number of films in the world.[1] Whether the ten thousand-plus feature length films a year produced by the Valley pornographic film industry should Racer X Movie Poster qualify for this title is the source of some debate.[citation needed] Racer X Movie Poster Though the expense involved in making movies has led cinema production to concentrate

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under Racer X Movie Poster the auspices of movie studios, recent advances in affordable film making equipment have Racer X Movie Poster allowed independent film productions to flourish. Profit

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is a key Racer X Movie Poster force in the industry, due to the costly and risky nature of filmmaking; many films

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have large cost overruns, a notorious example being Kevin Costner's Waterworld. Yet Racer X Movie Poster many filmmakers strive to create works of lasting social significance. Racer X Movie Poster The Racer X Movie Poster Academy Awards (also known as "the Oscars") are the most prominent film Racer X Movie Poster awards in Racer X Movie Poster the United States, providing recognition each year to films, ostensibly based on their artistic merits. There is also a large industry for educational and instructional films made in lieu of or in addition to lectures and texts. Preview A Racer X Movie Poster preview performance refers to a Racer X Movie Poster showing of a movie Racer X Movie Poster to a select audience, usually Racer X Movie Poster for the purposes

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of corporate promotions, before the public film premiere itself. Previews are sometimes used Racer X Movie Poster to judge

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audience reaction, which if unexpectedly negative, may result in recutting or even refilming certain sections. (cf Audience response.) Trailer Main article: Trailer (film) Trailers or previews are film advertisements for films that will be exhibited in the future Racer X Movie Poster at a Racer X Movie Poster cinema, on Racer X Movie Poster whose screen they are shown. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been Racer X Movie Poster shown at the end of a film programme. Racer X Movie Poster That practice Racer X Movie Poster did not last long, because patrons Racer X Movie Poster tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film (or the Racer X Movie Poster A Racer X Movie Poster movie in a double feature program) begins. The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. Many Hollywood adventure films need computer generated imagery (CGI), created by dozens of 3D modellers, animators, rotoscopers and compositors. However, a low-budget, independent film may be made with a skeleton crew, often paid very little. Also,

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an open source film may be Racer X Movie Poster produced through open, collaborative processes. Filmmaking takes place all over the world using different technologies, styles of acting and genre, and is produced in a variety of economic contexts that Racer X Movie Poster range from state-sponsored documentary in China to profit-oriented movie making within the Racer X Movie Poster American studio system. This Racer X Movie Poster production cycle typically takes three years. The first year is taken up with Racer X Movie Poster development. The second Racer X Movie Poster year comprises preproduction and production. The third year, post-production and distribution. Crew Main article: Film crew A film crew is Racer X Movie Poster a group of people hired by Racer X Movie Poster a film Racer X Movie Poster company, employed during Racer X Movie Poster the "production" or "photography" phase, for the purpose of producing a film or motion Racer X Movie Poster picture. Crew are distinguished from cast, the actors

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who appear in front of the camera or provide voices for Racer X Movie Poster characters in Racer X Movie Poster the Racer X Movie Poster film. The crew interacts with but Racer X Movie Poster is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers, company Racer X Movie Poster representatives, Racer X Movie Poster their assistants, and those Racer X Movie Poster whose Racer X Movie Poster primary responsibility falls in pre-production or post-production phases, such as Racer X Movie Poster writers and editors. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided Racer X Movie Poster into departments with well defined hierarchies Racer X Movie Poster and standards for interaction and Racer X Movie Poster cooperation between the departments. Other than acting, the crew handles everything in the photography phase: props and Racer X Movie Poster costumes, shooting, sound, electrics Racer X Movie Poster (i.e., lights), sets, and production special effects. Caterers (known in the Racer X Movie Poster film industry as "craft services") are usually not considered part of the

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crew. Technology Film Racer X Movie Poster stock consists Racer X Movie Poster of Racer X Movie Poster transparent celluloid, acetate, or polyester base coated Racer X Movie Poster with an emulsion containing light-sensitive chemicals. Cellulose nitrate was the Racer X Movie Poster first type of film base used Racer X Movie Poster to record motion pictures, but due to its flammability was eventually replaced by safer materials. Racer X Movie Poster Stock widths and the film format for images Racer X Movie Poster on the reel have had Racer X Movie Poster a rich history, Racer X Movie Poster though most large commercial films are still shot on (and distributed to theaters) as 35 mm prints. Originally moving picture film was shot and Racer X Movie Poster projected at various speeds using hand-cranked cameras and projectors; though 1000 frames per minute (16? frame/s) is generally cited Racer X Movie Poster as a standard silent speed, research indicates most films were shot Racer X Movie Poster between 16 frame/s and 23 frame/s and Racer X Movie Poster projected from 18 frame/s on up (often reels Racer X Movie Poster included instructions Racer X Movie Poster on how fast each scene should be shown) [1]. When sound Racer X Movie Poster film was Racer X Movie Poster introduced in the late Racer X Movie Poster 1920s, Racer X Movie Poster a constant speed was Racer X Movie Poster required for the sound head. 24 frames per second was chosen because it was the slowest (and Racer X Movie Poster thus cheapest) speed Racer X Movie Poster which allowed for sufficient sound quality. Improvements since the late 19th century Racer X Movie Poster include Racer X Movie Poster the mechanization of cameras � allowing them to record at a consistent speed, quiet camera design � allowing sound recorded on-set to be usable without requiring large "blimps" to encase the camera,

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the invention of more sophisticated Racer X Movie Poster filmstocks and lenses, allowing directors to film in increasingly

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dim conditions, and Racer X Movie Poster the development of synchronized sound, allowing sound to be Racer X Movie Poster recorded at exactly the same speed as its corresponding action. The soundtrack can be recorded separately from shooting Racer X Movie Poster the film, but for live-action pictures many parts of the soundtrack are usually recorded simultaneously. As a Racer X Movie Poster medium, film is not limited to Racer X Movie Poster motion pictures, since the technology developed as the basis for photography. It can be used to present a progressive sequence of still images in the form of a slideshow. Film has also been incorporated into multimedia presentations, and Racer X Movie Poster often has importance as primary historical documentation. However, historic films have problems in terms of preservation Racer X Movie Poster and storage, Racer X Movie Poster and the

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motion picture industry Racer X Movie Poster is exploring many alternatives. Most movies on cellulose nitrate base have been copied onto modern safety films. Some Racer X Movie Poster studios save color films Racer X Movie Poster through the use of separation masters � three B&W negatives each exposed

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through red, green, or blue filters (essentially a reverse of the Technicolor process). Digital methods have also been used to restore films, although their continued obsolescence cycle makes them (as of 2006) a poor choice for long-term preservation. Film preservation of decaying Racer X Movie Poster film stock is a matter of concern to both film historians and archivists, and to companies interested in preserving their existing products in order to Racer X Movie Poster make them available to future generations (and thereby increase revenue). Preservation is generally a higher-concern for nitrate Racer X Movie Poster and single-strip color Racer X Movie Poster films, due to their high decay rates; black and white films on safety bases and color films Racer X Movie Poster preserved on Technicolor imbibition prints tend to keep up much better, assuming Racer X Movie Poster proper handling and storage. Some films in recent decades have been recorded using analog video technology similar to that used in television production. Modern Racer X Movie Poster digital Racer X Movie Poster video cameras and digital projectors are gaining ground as well. These approaches are extremely beneficial to moviemakers, especially because footage can be evaluated and edited Racer X Movie Poster without waiting for the Racer X Movie Poster film stock to be Racer X Movie Poster processed. Yet the migration is Racer X Movie Poster gradual, and as Racer X Movie Poster of 2005 most major motion pictures are still recorded on film. Independent Main article: Independent

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film The Lumiere Brothers Independent filmmaking often takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio systems. An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major movie studio. Creative, business, and technological reasons have all Racer X Movie Poster contributed to the growth of the indie film scene Racer X Movie Poster in the late 20th and early Racer X Movie Poster 21st century. On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also leads to conservative choices in cast and crew. There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put Racer X Movie Poster out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in Racer X Movie Poster 1987).[2] A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job Racer X Movie Poster on a big-budget studio Racer X Movie Poster film Racer X Movie Poster unless Racer X Movie Poster he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles. Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of Racer X Movie Poster professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio Racer X Movie Poster film. The cost of 35 mm film is outpacing inflation: in Racer X Movie Poster 2002 alone, film negative costs were up 23%, according to Variety.[2]. But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, Racer X Movie Poster and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to movie production significantly. Racer X Movie Poster Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; today, the hardware and software Racer X Movie Poster for post-production Racer X Movie Poster can be installed in Racer X Movie Poster a commodity-based personal computer. Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and non-linear editing system pro-level software like Adobe Racer X Movie Poster Premiere Racer X Movie Poster Pro, Sony Vegas and Apple's Final Cut Pro, and consumer level software such as Apple's Final Cut Express and iMovie make movie-making relatively inexpensive. Since the introduction of DV technology, the means of production have become Racer X Movie Poster more democratized. Filmmakers can conceivably shoot and edit a movie, create and edit the sound and music, and Racer X Movie Poster mix the final cut on a home computer. However, while the means Racer X Movie Poster of production may be democratized, financing, distribution, and marketing remain difficult to accomplish outside Racer X Movie Poster the traditional system. Most Racer X Movie Poster independent filmmakers rely on Racer X Movie Poster film festivals to get their Racer X Movie Poster films noticed and sold for distribution. The arrival of internet-based video outlets such as YouTube and Racer X Movie Poster Veoh has further changed the film making landscape in ways that are still to be determined. Open content film Main article: Open content film An open content film is much like an independent film, but it is produced through open collaborations; its source material is available under a license which is permissive enough to allow other parties to create fan fiction or derivative works, than a traditional copyright. Like independent filmmaking, open source filmmaking takes place outside of Hollywood, or other major studio Racer X Movie Poster systems. Fan film Main article: Fan film A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators. Fan filmmakers have traditionally been amateurs, but some of the more notable films Racer X Movie Poster have Racer X Movie Poster actually been produced by professional filmmakers as film school class projects or as demonstration reels. Fan Racer X Movie Poster films vary tremendously in length, from short Racer X Movie Poster faux-teaser trailers for non-existent motion pictures to rarer full-length motion pictures Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by Racer X Movie Poster photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model unit

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(see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result with a special animation camera. When the frames are Racer X Movie Poster strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or Racer X Movie Poster more frames per second, there Racer X Movie Poster is an illusion of continuous Racer X Movie Poster movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive Racer X Movie Poster and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped Racer X Movie Poster up the process. File formats like GIF, QuickTime, Shockwave Racer X Movie Poster and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer Racer X Movie Poster or over the Internet. Because animation is very time-consuming and often very expensive to produce, the Racer X Movie Poster majority of animation for TV and movies comes from professional animation studios. However, the field of independent animation has existed at Racer X Movie Poster least since the 1950s, with animation being produced by independent studios (and sometimes by a single person). Several independent animation producers Racer X Movie Poster have gone on to enter the professional animation industry. Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short Racer X Movie Poster cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.[3] Although most animation studios are now using digital technologies in their productions, there is a specific style of animation that depends on film. Cameraless Racer X Movie Poster animation, made famous by Racer X Movie Poster moviemakers like Norman McLaren, Len

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Lye and Stan Brakhage, Racer X Movie Poster is painted and drawn directly onto pieces of film, and then run through a projector. Venues When Racer X Movie Poster it

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is Youth Without Youth Movie initially produced, a feature film is often shown to audiences in a movie theater or cinema. The first theater designed exclusively Racer X Movie Poster for cinema opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1905.[4] Thousands of such theaters were Racer X Movie Poster built or converted from existing facilities within Racer X Movie Poster a few years.[5] In the Racer X Movie Poster United States, these theaters came to be known as nickelodeons, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents). Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or feature film). Before the 1970s, there were "double features"; typically, a high quality "A picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a "B picture" Racer X Movie Poster of

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lower quality rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of Racer X Movie Poster the material shown before the feature film Racer X Movie Poster consists of Racer X Movie Poster previews for upcoming movies and Racer X Movie Poster paid advertisements (also known Racer X Movie Poster as trailers or "The Twenty"). Historically, all mass marketed feature films were Racer X Movie Poster made to be shown in movie Racer X Movie Poster theaters. The development Racer X Movie Poster of television has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being Racer X Movie Poster shown in theaters. Recording technology has also enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of Racer X Movie Poster films on VHS or DVD (and the older formats of laserdisc, VCD and SelectaVision � see also videodisc), and Internet downloads may Racer X Movie Poster be available Racer X Movie Poster and have started to become revenue sources for the film companies. Some films are now made specifically for these other venues, Racer X Movie Poster being released as made-for-TV movies or direct-to-video movies. The production values on these films are often considered to Racer X Movie Poster be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres, and indeed, some films that are rejected by their own studios upon completion are distributed through Racer X Movie Poster these markets. The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, Racer X Movie Poster as film rental fees.[6] The actual Racer X Movie Poster percentage starts with a number higher than that, and decreases as the duration of a film's

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showing Racer X Movie Poster continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown Racer X Movie Poster in first-run theaters for less than 8 weeks. There are a few Racer X Movie Poster movies every year that defy this Racer X Movie Poster rule, often limited-release movies that start Racer X Movie Poster in Racer X Movie Poster only a few theaters and

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actually grow their theater Racer X Movie Poster count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by ABN AMRO, about 26% of Hollywood movie Racer X Movie Poster studios' worldwide income Racer X Movie Poster came from Racer X Movie Poster box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and Racer X Movie Poster 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).[6] Future Racer X Movie Poster state While motion Racer X Movie Poster picture films have been around for more than a century, film is still a Racer X Movie Poster relative newcomer in the pantheon of fine arts. In the 1950s, when

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television became widely Racer X Movie Poster available, industry analysts predicted the demise of local movie theaters.

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Despite competition from television's increasing technological sophistication over the 1960s and 1970s, such as the development of color television and large screens, motion picture cinemas

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continued. In the 1980s, when the widespread availability Racer X Movie Poster of inexpensive videocassette recorders enabled people to Racer X Movie Poster select films for home viewing, Racer X Movie Poster industry analysts again wrongly predicted the death of the local cinemas. In the 1990s and 2000s Racer X Movie Poster the development of digital DVD players, home theater amplification systems with surround sound and subwoofers, and large LCD or plasma Racer X Movie Poster screens enabled people to select and view films at home with greatly improved audio Racer X Movie Poster and visual reproduction. These new technologies provided audio and visual that in the past only local cinemas had been able to provide: a large, Racer X Movie Poster clear widescreen presentation of a film with a full-range, high-quality multi-speaker sound system. Once again Racer X Movie Poster industry analysts predicted the Racer X Movie Poster demise of the local cinema. Racer X Movie Poster Local cinemas will be changing in the 2000s and moving towards digital screens, a new Racer X Movie Poster approach which will allow for easier and quicker distribution of films (via satellite or hard disks), a development which may give local theaters a reprieve from their predicted demise. The cinema now faces a new challenge from home video by the likes Racer X Movie Poster of a new Racer X Movie Poster DVD format Blu-ray, Racer X Movie Poster which can provide full Racer X Movie Poster HD 1080p video playback at near cinema quality. Video formats are gradually catching up with the resolutions and quality that film offers, 1080p in Blu-ray offers a pixel resolution of 1920?1080 a leap from the DVD offering of 720?480 and the paltry 330?480 offered by the first home video standard VHS. The maximum resolutions that film currently offers

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are 2485?2970 or 1420?3390, UHD, a future digital video format, will offer a Racer X Movie Poster massive resolution of 7680?4320, surpassing all current film resolutions. The only viable competitor to these Racer X Movie Poster new innovations Racer X Movie Poster is IMAX which can play film content at an extreme 10000?7000 resolution. Despite the rise of all Racer X Movie Poster new technologies, the development of the home video market and a surge of online piracy, 2007 was a record year in film that showed the Racer X Movie Poster highest ever box-office grosses. Racer X Movie Poster Many expected film to suffer as a result of the effects listed above but it has flourished, strengthening film studio expectations Racer X Movie Poster for the future.

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