An employer is Medical Record Job Description a person or institution that Medical Record Job Description hires employees or workers. Employers offer wages or a salary to the workers in exchange for the worker's labor power, depending upon whether the employee is paid by the hour or a set rate per pay Medical Record Job Description period. A salaried employee is typically Medical Record Job Description not paid more for more hours Online Part Time Job worked than Medical Record Job Description the minimum, whereas wages are paid for all hours worked, including overtime.
Employers Medical Record Job Description include everything from individuals hiring Medical Record Job Description a babysitter to governments and Medical Record Job Description businesses which may hire many thousands of employees. In most western societies governments are the largest single employers, but Medical Record Job Description most of the work force is employed in small and medium businesses in the private sector.
Note that although employees may contribute Medical Record Job Description to the evolution of an an enterprise, the employer Medical Record Job Description maintains Medical Record Job Description autonomous control over the productive base of land and capital, and is the entity named Medical Record Job Description in contracts. The employer typically also maintains ownership of intellectual property created by an employee within the scope of employment and as a Medical Record Job Description function thereof. These are known as "works for hire".
An Medical Record Job Description employers� relative level of Medical Record Job Description power Medical Record Job Description over employees is Medical Record Job Description dependent upon numerous factors; the most influential being the nature of the employment relationship. Medical Record Job Description The relationship employers share with Medical Record Job Description employees Medical Record Job Description is affected by three significant factors � interests, control and motivation. It is up Medical Record Job Description to employers to effectively manage and balance these factors to ensure a harmonious and productive working relationship.
The balance of economic efficiency Medical Record Job Description and social equity is the ultimate debate in the field of employment relations. By meeting the needs of the employer; generating profits to establish and maintain economic efficiency; whilst maintaining a balance with the employee and creating social Medical Record Job Description equity Medical Record Job Description that benefits the worker so that he/she can Medical Record Job Description fund and enjoy healthy living; proves to be a Medical Record Job Description continuous revolving issue in westernised societies.
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Globalisation has effected these issues by creating certain economic factors that disallow or allow various employment issues. Economist Edward Lee (1996) Medical Record Job Description studies the effects of globalisation and summarizes the four major points of concern that effect employment relations: (1) International competition, from the newly industrialized countries, Medical Record Job Description will cause unemployment growth and increased wage disparity for unskilled Medical Record Job Description workers in industrialized countries. Medical Record Job Description Imports from low-wage countries exert Medical Record Job Description pressure on Medical Record Job Description the manufacturing sector in industrialized countries and foreign direct investment (FDI) is attracted away from the industrialized nations, towards low-waged countries. (2) Economic liberalization will result in unemployment and wage inequality in developing Medical Record Job Description countries. This happens Medical Record Job Description as job losses in un-competitive industries outstrip job opportunities in new industries. Workers will be forced to accept worsening wages and conditions, as Medical Record Job Description a global labour market results in a �race to the bottom�. Increased international competition creates a pressure Medical Record Job Description to reduce the wages and conditions Medical Record Job Description of workers. Globalization reduces the autonomy of the nation state. Capital is increasingly mobile and the ability of Medical Record Job Description the state to regulate economic activity is reduced.
What also result�s to Lee�s (1996) findings is that in industrialized countries an average of almost 70 per cent of workers are employed in the service sector, most of which consists of non-tradable activities. As a result workers are either forced to become more skilled an develop sought after trades or become Medical Record Job Description of this Medical Record Job Description sector. Ultimately this is a result Medical Record Job Description of changes and trends Medical Record Job Description of employment, an evolving Medical Record Job Description workforce and globalisation that is represented by a more skilled and increasing highly diverse labour force, that are growing in Medical Record Job Description non standard forms Medical Record Job Description of employment
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Interests can be best described Medical Record Job Description as monetary constraints and economic pressures placed on organizations in their pursuit of Medical Record Job Description profits. It covers facets such as labour Medical Record Job Description productivity, wages and the effect of financial markets on businesses.
Wood et al (2004, p 355) describe control can as being either output focused, focusing on desired targets with Medical Record Job Description within managers defining, and using, their own methods Medical Record Job Description for reaching targets, or process controls, which specify the manner in which tasks will be achieved (Ibid, p. 357). Employer and managerial control within an organization rests at many levels and has important implications for staff and productivity alike, with control forming the fundamental link between desired outcomes and actual processes. Thus employers must balance interests such as decreasing wage constraints with a maximization of Medical Record Job Description labour productivity in order to achieve a prolific employment relationship.
Motivation is the third and most Medical Record Job Description difficult of the factors in the employment Medical Record Job Description relationship Medical Record Job Description for Medical Record Job Description employers to effectively manage. Employee motivation can often be in direct conflict with control Medical Record Job Description mechanisms of employers, Medical Record Job Description and can Medical Record Job Description be broadly defined as that Medical Record Job Description which energizes, directs and sustains human behaviour ( Stone, 2005, p 412). Medical Record Job Description Dubin (1958, p 213) Medical Record Job Description further elaborates on this, noting motivation as Medical Record Job Description �something that moves Medical Record Job Description a person to action, and continues him in the course of action already initiated.�
The employment relationship is Medical Record Job Description thus a difficult challenge for employers to manage, as all three facets are often in direct competition Medical Record Job Description with each other, with interests, control and motivation often Medical Record Job Description clashing in the equally important quest for individual employee autonomy ,employer command and ultimate profits. |
