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The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, Nike Running Shoes based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1] Parts of a shoe Gluing a Mephisto Shoes new outsole to an athletic shoe Sole The bottom of a shoe is called Nike Running Shoes the sole. Insole The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which Nike Running Shoes sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added Nike Running Shoes for comfort or health reasons (to Ellie Shoes control the shape, moisture, or smell of the Nike Running Shoes shoe). Outsole The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented Nike Running Shoes shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber Nike Running Shoes or Nike Running Shoes a Nike Running Shoes synthetic imitation. The Nike Running Shoes outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of Nike Running Shoes different materials. Often the heel of the Nike Running Shoes sole is rubber for Nike Running Shoes durability and traction, while the front is Nike Running Shoes leather for style. Specialized shoes Swim Shoes will Nike Running Shoes often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have Nike Running Shoes spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes Nike Running Shoes have much Nike Running Shoes softer or Nike Running Shoes harder soles. Midsole The layer in between the outsole and the insole that Nike Running Shoes is typically there for shock Nike Running Shoes absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials Nike Running Shoes for Nike Running Shoes the midsoles of their shoes. Nike Running Shoes Some shoes may not have a midsole at all. Heel Women's fashion boots The bottom Nike Running Shoes rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot.

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They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high Nike Running Shoes for Nike Running Shoes fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for a more Cole Haan Shoes practical use. Vamp, Nike Running Shoes or upper Any shoe has an upper part

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that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be Nike Running Shoes nothing more Nike Running Shoes than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes Nike Running Shoes a method for producing

Nike Running Shoes

a shoe-upper Nike Running Shoes (Hain 1967). Accessories to shoes Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot Nike Running Shoes into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon. Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape. Shoe polishing equipment: Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection. Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish to shoes. Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection. (Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of Nike Running Shoes various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding Nike Running Shoes and inner linings. Inserts Nike Running Shoes may also be used to correct foot problems. Shoe bag: a bag that protects shoes Nike Running Shoes against damage when they are not being worn. Shoe stretcher: a tool

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for Nike Running Shoes making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing Nike Running Shoes discomfort in areas of a shoe. Snow shoe:

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a Nike Running Shoes wooden Nike Running Shoes or Nike Running Shoes leather piece which increases the area of ground Nike Running Shoes covered by the shoe. Shoelaces: a system

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used to secure

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shoes. Types of shoes Shoes made from Nike Running Shoes real crocodile skin, in a Nike Running Shoes conservation exhibit at Nike Running Shoes Bristol Zoo, England. Dress and casual shoes Dress shoes are categorized by smooth Nike Running Shoes and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile. Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of Nike Running Shoes leather, enclosing most of the lower foot,

Nike Running Shoes

but not covering the Nike Running Shoes ankles. This Nike Running Shoes upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or Nike Running Shoes even Nike Running Shoes itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the Nike Running Shoes ankle is usually considered a boot but Nike Running Shoes certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe Nike Running Shoes is Nike Running Shoes secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic Nike Running Shoes inserts to ease Nike Running Shoes slipping the shoe on. Men's Nike Running Shoes shoes Men's shoes

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can be Nike Running Shoes categorized by how they Nike Running Shoes are closed: Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped Nike Running Shoes slit to which the laces are attached; also known as Nike Running Shoes "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers. Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather Nike Running Shoes independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is known as Nike Running Shoes the Derby shoe. Monk-straps: a buckle Nike Running Shoes and strap instead of lacing Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings. Men's shoes can also be decorated in various ways: Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on Prada Shoes the vamp. Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" Nike Running Shoes the toe. This is possibly the most popular Nike Running Shoes decoration. Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered Sofft Shoes with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. The tone or style of this article or section may not Nike Running Shoes be appropriate for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007) Women's Nike Running Shoes shoes There is a large

Nike Running Shoes

variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the Nike Running Shoes men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories Nike Running Shoes are: Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very Nike Running Shoes low heel and Nike Running Shoes a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, Nike Running Shoes and may be seen as more comfortable Nike Running Shoes than shoes with a higher heel. High heels Nike Running Shoes may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or Nike Running Shoes higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings. Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that Tennis Shoes looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress shoe. Either gender Women's sandals Clog Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather. Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to Nike Running Shoes air. They Nike Running Shoes are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be Stride Rite Shoes cooler than a closed-toed shoe would. Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black Nike Running Shoes "saddle". Loafer: a dress or casual

Nike Running Shoes

shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or Nike Running Shoes coin-holders Nike Running Shoes (penny loafers). Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar Nike Running Shoes to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if Nike Running Shoes present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck. Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply Nike Running Shoes as an alternate style of casual Nike Running Shoes or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well Nike Running Shoes as work Nike Running Shoes boots and hiking boots. Slippers: For indoor Nike Running Shoes use, commonly worn with pajamas. Athletic shoes Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function Diabetic Shoes shoes often have less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these Nike Running Shoes shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style. Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of Nike Running Shoes rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to Nike Running Shoes be Nike Running Shoes lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for Nike Running Shoes basketball

Nike Running Shoes

or tennis. Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning. Track shoes: lightweight;

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often with plastic or metal cleats A shoe for Nike Running Shoes the right foot. Cleat (shoe): Nike Running Shoes a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually Nike Running Shoes worn while Nike Running Shoes playing sports Nike Running Shoes such as rugby, football, American football, or Nike Running Shoes baseball. A shoe for the right foot. Golf shoes: with "spikes" for

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better grip in grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" Nike Running Shoes were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of Nike Running Shoes synthetic Nike Running Shoes plastic-like materials Nike Running Shoes with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more common today (and are required on many golf courses since they cause Nike Running Shoes less damage to the greens). Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys. Climbing shoes: a shoe Prom Shoes designed for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber Nike Running Shoes sole with an extended rubber rand. Hiking shoes or Nike Running Shoes boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with Nike Running Shoes many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole. Walking Nike Running Shoes shoes: have a more Nike Running Shoes flexible sole than the running Nike Running Shoes shoe, lighter Nike Running Shoes in weight than the hiking boot, Nike Running Shoes may have air holes, may not be water proof. Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating Nike Running Shoes on the bottom of the shoe portion. Nike Running Shoes Ice skates Roller Nike Running Shoes skates Inline skates Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the ski. Skateboarding Nike Running Shoes shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of

Nike Running Shoes

padding to protect the skateboarders feet. Cycling shoes Nike Running Shoes are equipped with a metal or

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plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and Nike Running Shoes support the foot. Snowshoes Nike Running Shoes are Nike Running Shoes special shoes for Nike Running Shoes walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter. Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that Nike Running Shoes mimic bare feet while providing additional traction Nike Running Shoes and protection. Orthopedic shoes Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as Nike Running Shoes padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet. Dance shoes Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue

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and a hardened sole Diesel Shoes so the dancer can Nike Running Shoes stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by

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elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles. Ballet Nike Running Shoes shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically Nike Running Shoes made of leather, with thicker material under the Nike Running Shoes ball and heel of the foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that the foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured Nike Running Shoes by elastics that cross over the top of the

Nike Running Shoes

foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in Nike Running Shoes specialty colours such as red or blue. Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, Nike Running Shoes rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a

Nike Running Shoes

low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot by laces or elastic inserts. Tango/flamenco dance shoes. Ballroom shoes. They fall Nike Running Shoes into two categories for the

Nike Running Shoes

two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Nike Running Shoes Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with Nike Running Shoes 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are Nike Running Shoes typically court shoes Nike Running Shoes with low 2-inch Nike Running Shoes heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be finished with a greater variety of Nike Running Shoes colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the Nike Running Shoes foot while Latin American Nike Running Shoes shoes have higher heels designed to throw Nike Running Shoes the Nike Running Shoes dancer's weight on Nike Running Shoes to the toes and Nike Running Shoes the soles are more Nike Running Shoes flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped Nike Running Shoes heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped. Dance Orthopedic Shoes sneakers. Also known

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as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a Nike Running Shoes dance shoe, with a reinforced Nike Running Shoes rubber toe. Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, Nike Running Shoes which are usually made of leather, and often Nike Running Shoes have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come Nike Running Shoes in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps. Foot thongs. Nike Running Shoes Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, Nike Running Shoes depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a dancer's Nike Running Shoes foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet. Modern pointe shoes. Ballet Nike Running Shoes shoes. Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers. A foot thong, viewed from the underside. Work shoes Work shoes are designed to Nike Running Shoes stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and Sperry Shoes provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather Nike Running Shoes uppers and non-leather outsoles. Nike Running Shoes Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used Nike Running Shoes for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include Nike Running Shoes steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards. Historical Nike Running Shoes shoes Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include: Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century. Patten: Nike Running Shoes a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. Nike Running Shoes First Nike Running Shoes worn in the Nike Running Shoes middle ages, they continued Nike Running Shoes in use even into the early 20th century. Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s. Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes. Maintenance Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but deformable Nike Running Shoes material. After a person wears them multiple times, Nike Running Shoes the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the shoes. Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots. Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to Nike Running Shoes enable this. Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced. Shoelace replacement. When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste

Nike Running Shoes

and disposed of. The exception can be with Nike Running Shoes most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned Nike Running Shoes into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example. Someone who makes Nike Running Shoes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler. Shoe etiquette In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East Nike Running Shoes and Africa, Nike Running Shoes much of Northern Europe Nike Running Shoes and Canada, Nike Running Shoes as well as Alaska) it is customary to Nike Running Shoes remove shoes when entering a house. In Nike Running Shoes some areas of the United States, especially the Midwest, it Nike Running Shoes is expected that visitors remove Nike Running Shoes their shoes unless a host specifically invites Nike Running Shoes them to leave their Nike Running Shoes shoes on. Nike Running Shoes People do this Nike Running Shoes to

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avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including those Nike Running Shoes in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests. In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In addition, Nike Running Shoes in Thailand, it Nike Running Shoes is an extreme Nike Running Shoes insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's head Nike Running Shoes or be Nike Running Shoes placed over it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" Nike Running Shoes the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with Nike Running Shoes the shin).

Nike Running Shoes