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The earliest known shoes Red Shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found in Red Shoes Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used Red Shoes for making shoes do not normally last Red Shoes for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found Red Shoes evidence that the use of Red Shoes shoes began in the period between Red Shoes about 40,000 and Red Shoes26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the Red Shoes bones of the toes (other than the big Red Shoes toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1] Parts of a shoe Gluing a Red Shoes new outsole to an athletic shoe Sole The bottom of a shoe is called the sole. Insole The Red Shoes insole is the interior bottom of Red Shoes a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable Red Shoes and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for Red Shoes comfort or healthRed Shoesreasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the Red Shoes shoe). Outsole The outsole is the layer in direct contact with Red Shoes the ground. Dress shoes have leather Red Shoes outsoles; casual or Red Shoes work-oriented shoes Red Shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or Red Shoes a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may Red Shoes comprise separate pieces of Red Shoes different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber Red Shoes for durability and traction, while the Red Shoes front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many Red Shoes kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder Red Shoes soles. Midsole The layer in between the Red Shoes outsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the Red Shoes midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not Red Shoes have a midsole at all. Heel Women's fashion boots The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashionRed Shoesor to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use. Vamp, or upper Any shoe has an Red Shoes upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest Red Shoes cases, such as sandals Red Shoes or flip flops, this may be nothing more than aRed Shoesfew Red Shoes straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part Red Shoes is Red Shoes often decorated or is made in a certain Red Shoes style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for Red Shoes producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967). Accessories to shoes Shoehorn: can be used to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for the Red Shoes foot to slide upon. Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing Red Shoes it, Red Shoes to help maintain the shoe's shape. Shoe polishing equipment: Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on Red Shoes shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection. Shoe brush and polishing cloth: Red Shoes used to apply polish to shoes. Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes Red Shoes for rain and snow protection. (Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. Red Shoes These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems. Shoe bag: a bag that protects Red Shoes shoes against damage when they are not being worn. Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe. Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases the area of ground covered by the shoe. Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes. Types Red Shoes of shoes Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Red Shoes Zoo, England. Dress and Red Shoes casual shoes Dress Red Shoes shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, andRed Shoesnarrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile. Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of Red Shoes dress Red Shoes shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, but may also be Red Shoes made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe Diabetic Shoes featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot Prom Shoes but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by Red Shoes laces or zippers, although some styles have Red Shoes elastic inserts to ease slipping the Red Shoes shoe Diesel Shoes on. Men's shoes Men's shoes can be categorized by Red Shoes how they Red Shoes are closed: Balmorals: the vamp has a Red Shoes V-shaped slit to which the laces Red Shoes are attached; also Red Shoes known as "closed lacing". In England, the balmoral is known as Red Shoes the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers. Bluchers: the laces Red Shoes are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also Red Shoes known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is Red Shoes known as the Derby shoe. Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead of lacing Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings. Men's shoes can also be decorated in various ways: Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp. Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration. Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Red Shoes Brogues can be found in both balmoral and Orthopedic Shoes blucher styles. Please help improve this section by Red Shoes expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. The tone or style of this article or Red Shoes section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. Specific concerns may be found Red Shoes on the talk page. Red Shoes See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007) Women's shoes There is a large variety of shoes available forRed Shoeswomen, in addition to most of the men's styles Sperry Shoes being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are: Pumps, known in the US andRed ShoesUK Red Shoes as ballerinas, ballet pumps Red Shoes or Red Shoes skimmers, are Red Shoes shoes with a very low heel and a relatively shortRed Shoesvamp, exposing Red Shoes much Red Shoes ofRed Shoesthe instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes Red Shoes with a higher heel. High heels may be Red Shoes shoes with heels Red Shoes 2 inches (5 Red Shoes cm) or higher. Red Shoes They are often seen Red Shoes as having more sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings. Sneaker boot and sneaker Red Shoes pump: a shoe Red Shoes that looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a Red Shoes kind of novelty dress shoe. Either gender Women's sandals Clog Platform shoe: shoe Red Shoes with very Red Shoes thick soles and heels Moccasin: Red Shoes originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually Red Shoes madeRed Shoesof leather. Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let theRed Shoesfoot Red Shoes be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would. Saddle shoe: leather Red Shoes shoe with Red Shoes a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white Red Shoes uppers with black "saddle". Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often Red Shoes with Red Shoes tassels, buckles, or Red Shoes coin-holders (penny loafers). Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, Red Shoes are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. OftenRed Shoesmade of Red Shoes canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or Red Shoes scratching a boat deck. Boots: Long shoes (covering Red Shoes the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are designed to be used in timesRed Shoesof bad weather, or simply as an Red Shoes alternate styleRed Shoesof casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as Red Shoes well as work boots Nike Running Shoes and hiking boots. Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas. Athletic shoes Men's Red Shoes and women's athletic shoes and Red Shoes special function shoes often have less difference between Red Shoes Adidas Shoes the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn Red Shoes by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style. Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/orRed Shoesplastic Red Shoes to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Red Shoes Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis. Running shoes: very similar Red Shoes to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning. Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats A shoeRed Shoesfor the right foot. Cleat (shoe): a type of Red Shoes shoe featuringRed Shoesmolded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball. A shoe for the right foot. Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike Red Shoes are much more commonRed Shoestoday (and are required Red Shoes on many golf Red Shoes courses since they cause less damage Red Shoes to the Red Shoes greens). Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic Red Shoes shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels Red Shoes so Red Shoes as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often Red Shoes rented Red Shoes or loaned at bowling alleys. Climbing shoes: a shoe designedRed Shoesfor rock climbing. They typically have a close Red Shoes fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand. Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large Red Shoes traction on the sole. Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may Red Shoes not be water proof. Skating shoes: typically Red Shoes called skates. They have various attachments for skating on the bottom of the Red Shoes shoe portion. Ice skates Roller skates Inline skates Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially designedRed Shoesfor attachment to the ski. Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of Red Shoes padding to protect the skateboarders feet. Cycling shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, Red Shoes as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot. Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. Red Shoes In temperate climates, snowshoes Red Shoes are used for Red Shoes mostly Red Shoes recreational Red Shoes purposes in winter. Wrestling shoes are light, flexible Red Shoes shoes Red Shoes thatRed Shoesmimic Red Shoes bare feet while providing additional traction and protection. Orthopedic shoes Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic Red Shoes feet. Dance shoes Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand on the tips of their Red Shoes toes. They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles. Ballet Red Shoes shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel of the foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that the foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured Red Shoes by elastics that cross over the top Red Shoes of the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, or Red Shoes pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue. Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, Red Shoes rubberized sole Red Shoes (i.e., split-sole) Red Shoes to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are secured to the foot Florsheim Shoes by laces or elastic inserts. Tango/flamenco dance shoes. Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised by suede Red Shoes soles. Red Shoes Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patentRed Shoesleather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes Red Shoes are typically court shoes with low Red Shoes 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be finished with a greater variety of Red Shoes colours to match the Red Shoes dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles are more Red Shoes flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch Red Shoes shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped. Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination Red Shoes ofRed Shoesa Red Shoes sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe. Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually made of leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted Red Shoes to tap shoes by attaching taps. Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws Red Shoes and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers Red Shoes that protect the Red Shoes ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the Red Shoes appearance of Red Shoes having bare feet. Modern pointe shoes. Ballet shoes. Jazz shoes. This style is frequently wornRed Shoesby acro dancers. A foot thong, viewed from the Red Shoes underside. Work shoes Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they Red Shoes are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used forRed Shoesprotection in industrial settings, construction, Red Shoes mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes Red Shoes and soles or ankle guards. Historical shoes Footwear Red Shoes has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include: Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still Red Shoes worn today, are found as early as the 14th century. Patten: a Red Shoes European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle ages, they continued in use even into the early 20th century. Poulaine: a shoe with a Red Shoes long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in Red Shoes the 1400s. Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes. Maintenance Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, the material reforms Red Shoes to fit Red Shoes the wearer's feet. The person is said to have broken in the shoes. Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to Red Shoes some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots. Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable Red Shoes this. Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can Red Shoes have Red Shoes their soles replaced. Shoelace replacement. When unfit for use, shoes can be Red Shoes treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example. Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler. Shoe Red Shoes etiquette In Red Shoes most parts of the world Red Shoes (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of Red Shoes the Middle East and Africa, Red Shoes much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. Red Shoes In some areas of the United States, especially theRed ShoesMidwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes Red Shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests. In the Middle East, parts of Red Shoes Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered Red Shoes rude to show the soles Red Shoes of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing Red Shoes the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insult Red Shoes for the foot, Red Shoes socks, or Red Shoes shoes to touch someone's head or be placed over it.Red ShoesAlthough feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Red Shoes Thai kicks are Red Shoes executed with the shin).Red Shoes |