The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found in Privo Shoes Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for Privo Shoes making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Privo Shoes Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 Privo Shoes years ago, based on the fact that the Privo Shoes thickness of the bones of Privo Shoes the toes (other than the big Privo Shoes toe) Privo Shoes decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in Privo Shoes greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The Adidas Shoes bottom of a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The Privo Shoes insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the Privo Shoes foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons (to control Privo Shoes the shape, Privo Shoes moisture, or smell of the shoe).
Outsole
The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have Privo Shoes leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have Privo Shoes spikes Privo Shoes embedded in the outsole to grip Privo Shoes the Privo Shoes ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the outsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another Privo Shoes material for shock absorption, usually beneath the Privo Shoes heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part Privo Shoes of Privo Shoes a Privo Shoes shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They Privo Shoes are often Privo Shoes made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This Florsheim Shoes part can be high for fashion or to make the person Privo Shoes look taller, or flat for a more practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe Privo Shoes onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a Privo Shoes few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain Privo Shoes style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent Privo Shoes 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes Privo Shoes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: can be used Privo Shoes to insert a foot Privo Shoes into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed Privo Shoes inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe Privo Shoes polishing equipment:
Shoe Privo Shoes polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and Privo Shoes provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: Privo Shoes used to apply polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, Privo Shoes or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may Privo Shoes also Privo Shoes be used to correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: a bag that protects shoes against damage when they are not being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making Privo Shoes a shoe longer or Privo Shoes wider or for reducing discomfort in Privo Shoes areas Privo Shoes of Privo Shoes a shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases the area of ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes.
Types of Privo Shoes shoes
Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, Privo Shoes England.
Dress and casual shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow Privo Shoes sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by Privo Shoes sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The Privo Shoes majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing Privo Shoes most of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part Privo Shoes of the shoe is Privo Shoes often made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings Privo Shoes or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the Privo Shoes ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred Privo Shoes to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured Privo Shoes by laces Privo Shoes or zippers, although some Privo Shoes styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on.
Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed:
Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the Privo Shoes laces are attached; also known as Privo Shoes "closed lacing". Privo Shoes In England, Privo Shoes the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The Privo Shoes word "Oxford" is Privo Shoes used by American clothing companies to Privo Shoes market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In Privo Shoes England, the Blucher is known as the Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead Privo Shoes of lacing
Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes can Privo Shoes also be decorated in various ways:
Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no extra Privo Shoes decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, Privo Shoes the wing-tip, which extends down Red Shoes either Privo Shoes side Privo Shoes of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section Privo Shoes by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
The tone or Privo Shoes style of this article or section may not be appropriate Nursing Shoes for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns Privo Shoes may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large Privo Shoes variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles Privo Shoes being more Privo Shoes accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known Privo Shoes in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps Privo Shoes or Privo Shoes skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel.
High heels may be shoes with heels Privo Shoes 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal Privo Shoes than low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions Privo Shoes or social outings.
Sneaker boot and sneaker Privo Shoes pump: a shoe that looks like an Privo Shoes athletic shoe, Privo Shoes but is equipped with a heel, Privo Shoes making it a kind of novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various Privo Shoes straps, Privo Shoes leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather Privo Shoes wear, because they let the Privo Shoes foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically Privo Shoes white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and Privo Shoes deck shoes: Privo Shoes similar to a loafer, but more casual. Privo Shoes Laces, Privo Shoes if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no Privo Shoes frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white Privo Shoes sole. They have soft soles/heels Privo Shoes to avoid Privo Shoes marring or Privo Shoes scratching a boat Privo Shoes deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are designed to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as Privo Shoes an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well as work Privo Shoes boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: For indoor Privo Shoes use, commonly worn Privo Shoes with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's Privo Shoes and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes Privo Shoes can be worn Privo Shoes by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers Privo Shoes (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made Privo Shoes out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball Privo Shoes or tennis.
Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning.
Track Privo Shoes shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats
A Privo Shoes shoe for the right foot.
Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring Privo Shoes molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing Privo Shoes sports such Privo Shoes as rugby, football, American football, or baseball.
A shoe Privo Shoes for the right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip Privo Shoes in grass and wet Privo Shoes ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more common today (and are required on many golf courses since they cause less damage to the greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes Privo Shoes and athletic shoes. They Privo Shoes have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling Privo Shoes alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They Privo Shoes typically have a close fit, Privo Shoes little Privo Shoes if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking Privo Shoes shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than Privo Shoes the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may Privo Shoes not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically Privo Shoes called Privo Shoes skates. They have various attachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip on Privo Shoes a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect Privo Shoes the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic Privo Shoes cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer Privo Shoes and support the foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. Privo Shoes In temperate climates, Privo Shoes snowshoes Privo Shoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as Privo Shoes padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those Work Shoes with problematic Privo Shoes feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand on the tips of Privo Shoes their toes. They are Privo Shoes secured by elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically made of leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel of the foot, and thinner and thus more Privo Shoes flexible material Privo Shoes under the arch so that Privo Shoes the foot can be Privo Shoes pointed Privo Shoes to Privo Shoes its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are most commonly Privo Shoes pink, white, Privo Shoes black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such Privo Shoes as red or blue.
Jazz Privo Shoes shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and Privo Shoes a low (one inch or shorter) Privo Shoes heel. They are secured Privo Shoes to the foot by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two genres of dances as Privo Shoes defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Privo Shoes Mens' Ballroom Privo Shoes shoes are typically lace-ups with Yellow Box Shoes 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be finished with a Privo Shoes greater variety of colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the Privo Shoes foot while Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Privo Shoes Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
Dance sneakers. Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a Privo Shoes reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes Privo Shoes with a one to three Privo Shoes inch heel, which are Privo Shoes usually Privo Shoes made of leather, Privo Shoes and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may Privo Shoes come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled Privo Shoes varieties. They may Privo Shoes be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending Privo Shoes on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from Privo Shoes skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having bare feet. Privo Shoes
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers.
A foot thong, Privo Shoes viewed from the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes are designed to stand heavy Privo Shoes wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally Privo Shoes made Privo Shoes from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They Privo Shoes are commonly used for protection in Privo Shoes industrial settings, Privo Shoes construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: a Privo Shoes European wooden overshoe used to Privo Shoes keep a person's Privo Shoes feet dry outdoors. First worn in the middle Privo Shoes ages, they continued in use Privo Shoes even into the early 20th century.
Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. Privo Shoes After a person wears them multiple times, the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said Privo Shoes to have broken in the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water Privo Shoes resistance (to some Privo Shoes extent) Privo Shoes and appearance, especially for Privo Shoes leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to Privo Shoes enable this.
Sole replacement: soles Privo Shoes also wear out. Not all shoes Privo Shoes can have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, Privo Shoes shoes Privo Shoes can be treated as Privo Shoes trash or municipal solid waste Privo Shoes and disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers Privo Shoes which Privo Shoes can be recycled and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts Privo Shoes of the Privo Shoes Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering Privo Shoes a house. In some areas Privo Shoes of the United States, especially the Midwest, Privo Shoes it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their Privo Shoes shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing Privo Shoes dirt, mud or snow Privo Shoes into the house. Privo Shoes For some societies, including those in Privo Shoes Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests.
In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea Privo Shoes and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). Privo Shoes In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's head or be placed over it. Although Privo Shoes feet Privo Shoes touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the Privo Shoes shin). |
