The earliest known shoes date from about 8000 to Tsubo Shoes 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, Off Broadway Shoes the materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the Tsubo Shoes use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and Tsubo Shoes 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of the Tsubo Shoes toes (other than Tsubo Shoes the big toe) decreased during this period, on Tsubo Shoes the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth Tsubo Shoes before this period.[1]
Parts of Tsubo Shoes a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic Tsubo Shoes shoe
Sole
The bottom of a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The insole is the interior Tsubo Shoes bottom of Tsubo Shoes a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often Tsubo Shoes added for comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or Tsubo Shoes smell of the shoe).
Outsole
The Tsubo Shoes outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have Tsubo Shoes leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a Tsubo Shoes single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of Tsubo Shoes different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have Karos Shoes modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes Tsubo Shoes embedded in the outsole to Tsubo Shoes grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have Tsubo Shoes much Tsubo Shoes softer or harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the outsole and the Tsubo Shoes insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running Tsubo Shoes shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not Tsubo Shoes have Tsubo Shoes a midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe is the Tsubo Shoes heel. Its function is to support Tsubo Shoes the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the Tsubo Shoes shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person Tsubo Shoes look taller, or flat for Tsubo Shoes a more practical Tsubo Shoes use.
Vamp, Tsubo Shoes or upper
Any Tsubo Shoes shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In Tsubo Shoes the simplest cases, Tsubo Shoes such as Tsubo Shoes sandals Tsubo Shoes or flip flops, this may be nothing more than Tsubo Shoes a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made Tsubo Shoes in Tsubo Shoes a certain style to Tsubo Shoes look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper Brooks Shoes (Hain 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: can be used to Tsubo Shoes insert a foot into a shoe by Tsubo Shoes keeping the shoe Tsubo Shoes open and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain Tsubo Shoes the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing Tsubo Shoes equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy Tsubo Shoes material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to Tsubo Shoes apply Tsubo Shoes polish Tsubo Shoes to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert Tsubo Shoes of various materials Tsubo Shoes for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be Tsubo Shoes used to correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: a bag that Tsubo Shoes protects shoes against damage when they are not being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or wider or for Tsubo Shoes reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece Tsubo Shoes which increases the area of Tsubo Shoes ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: Tsubo Shoes a system Liz Claiborne Shoes used to secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and Tsubo Shoes casual shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, Tsubo Shoes leather soles, Tsubo Shoes and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized Tsubo Shoes by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, Tsubo Shoes commonly made of leather, Tsubo Shoes enclosing most Tsubo Shoes of the lower foot, but Tsubo Shoes not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open Tsubo Shoes toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is Tsubo Shoes usually Tsubo Shoes considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as Tsubo Shoes high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces or zippers, Tsubo Shoes although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on.
Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are Tsubo Shoes closed:
Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the Tsubo Shoes laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". In England, Tsubo Shoes the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word Tsubo Shoes "Oxford" is used Tsubo Shoes by American clothing companies to Tsubo Shoes market shoes Tsubo Shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied Tsubo Shoes to two Tsubo Shoes pieces of leather independently attached to the vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is known as the Derby Tsubo Shoes shoe.
Monk-straps: a buckle and Tsubo Shoes strap instead of lacing
Various other closings Tsubo Shoes exist but are less popular such as Tsubo Shoes side-elastic closings.
Men's Tsubo Shoes shoes can also Tsubo Shoes be decorated in various ways:
Plain-toes: have a Tsubo Shoes sleek appearance and no extra decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: Tsubo Shoes wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can be found in both balmoral and Tsubo Shoes blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at Tsubo Shoes requests for expansion.
The Tsubo Shoes tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be Tsubo Shoes found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide Tsubo Shoes to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles Tsubo Shoes being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known Tsubo Shoes in Tsubo Shoes the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the instep. They are Tsubo Shoes popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel.
High heels may be Tsubo Shoes shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) and are thus commonly worn by women for formal Tsubo Shoes occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that Tsubo Shoes looks like an athletic shoe, Tsubo Shoes but is equipped with Tsubo Shoes a heel, making it a kind of novelty Tsubo Shoes dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's Tsubo Shoes sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel Tsubo Shoes and usually made of leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather Snow Shoes wear, because they let the foot be Tsubo Shoes cooler Tsubo Shoes than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe Tsubo Shoes with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar to Tsubo Shoes a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, Tsubo Shoes are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often Tsubo Shoes made of canvas or featuring a white sole. Tsubo Shoes They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or scratching a boat deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the Tsubo Shoes ankle) frequently made of leather. Some are designed Tsubo Shoes to be used in times of bad weather, or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow boots, as well as Tsubo Shoes work boots and hiking boots.
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Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's and Tsubo Shoes women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have Tsubo Shoes less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or Tsubo Shoes plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or Tsubo Shoes tennis.
Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on Tsubo Shoes cushioning.
Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal cleats
A shoe for the Tsubo Shoes right foot.
Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball.
A shoe for the right foot.
Golf shoes: Tsubo Shoes with "spikes" for better grip Tsubo Shoes in grass and wet ground. Originally the Tsubo Shoes spikes Tsubo Shoes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" Tsubo Shoes made of Tsubo Shoes synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around Tsubo Shoes the edge Tsubo Shoes of each spike are much more Tsubo Shoes common today (and Tsubo Shoes are required on many golf courses since they cause Tsubo Shoes less Simple Shoes damage to the greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate Tsubo Shoes style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They Tsubo Shoes have harder rubber Tsubo Shoes soles/heels so as Tsubo Shoes not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented or loaned at bowling alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically Men S Shoes have a close fit, Tsubo Shoes little if any padding, and a smooth Tsubo Shoes sticky rubber sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have Tsubo Shoes various attachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller Tsubo Shoes skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the Tsubo Shoes ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff Tsubo Shoes sole to maximize power Tsubo Shoes transfer and support the foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter.
Wrestling shoes are Tsubo Shoes light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially Tsubo Shoes for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. Tsubo Shoes These have Tsubo Shoes a toe box that is stiffened with Tsubo Shoes glue and a hardened sole so the dancer Tsubo Shoes can stand on Tsubo Shoes the tips of their toes. They are secured by Tsubo Shoes elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is Tsubo Shoes typically made of leather, with thicker material under the ball Tsubo Shoes and heel of the Tsubo Shoes foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch so that the foot can Tsubo Shoes be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are most commonly pink, white, black, or pale tan, although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz shoes. These typically have Tsubo Shoes a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, Tsubo Shoes and a Tsubo Shoes low (one inch or shorter) heel. They are Tsubo Shoes secured to the foot Tsubo Shoes by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin Tsubo Shoes American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels Tsubo Shoes and patent leather Tsubo Shoes uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are Tsubo Shoes typically Tsubo Shoes court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric Tsubo Shoes so that they can be finished with a Tsubo Shoes greater variety of colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
Dance sneakers. Tsubo Shoes Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a Tsubo Shoes sneaker and a dance shoe, with Tsubo Shoes a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which Tsubo Shoes are usually made of Tsubo Shoes leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come Tsubo Shoes in Tsubo Shoes soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a Tsubo Shoes dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. Tsubo Shoes From a distance, Tsubo Shoes flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer Tsubo Shoes the appearance of having bare feet.
Modern pointe Tsubo Shoes shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn Tsubo Shoes by acro dancers. Tsubo Shoes
A foot thong, viewed Tsubo Shoes from the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy Tsubo Shoes leather Tsubo Shoes uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle Tsubo Shoes guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First Tsubo Shoes worn in the middle ages, they continued in use even into the early 20th century.
Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: Tsubo Shoes the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Tsubo Shoes Some shoes are made Tsubo Shoes of hard Tsubo Shoes but deformable material. After a person wears Tsubo Shoes them multiple Tsubo Shoes times, the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said Tsubo Shoes to Tsubo Shoes have broken Tsubo Shoes in the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent) and appearance, Tsubo Shoes especially for leather Tsubo Shoes shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes Tsubo Shoes are designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception Tsubo Shoes can be with most athletic Tsubo Shoes sneakers which can be recycled and turned Tsubo Shoes into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In Tsubo Shoes most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of Tsubo Shoes the Tsubo Shoes Middle East and Africa, Tsubo Shoes much of Northern Europe and Canada, as Tsubo Shoes well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering Tsubo Shoes a house. Tsubo Shoes In some areas of the United States, especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them Tsubo Shoes to leave their shoes on. People do this to Tsubo Shoes avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow Tsubo Shoes into the house. Tsubo Shoes For some societies, including those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests.
In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude Tsubo Shoes to show the soles of the feet to others Tsubo Shoes (even accidentally, Tsubo Shoes such as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Tsubo Shoes Thailand, it is an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or Tsubo Shoes shoes to touch someone's head or be placed over it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence Tsubo Shoes in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with the shin). |
