The earliest known shoes date from Orthopedic Shoes about 8000 to 7000 BCE and Orthopedic Shoes were found in Oregon, USA in Orthopedic Shoes 1938[1]. However, the materials Orthopedic Shoes used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began Orthopedic Shoes in the period Orthopedic Shoes between about 40,000 and Orthopedic Shoes 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of Orthopedic Shoes the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts of a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom of a shoe is called the Orthopedic Shoes sole.
Insole
The insole Orthopedic Shoes is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable Orthopedic Shoes and replaceable insoles, Orthopedic Shoes and Orthopedic Shoes extra insoles are often added Orthopedic Shoes for Orthopedic Shoes comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of Orthopedic Shoes the shoe).
Outsole
The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have Orthopedic Shoes outsoles Orthopedic Shoes made of natural Safety Shoes rubber or a synthetic imitation. Orthopedic Shoes The outsole may comprise Orthopedic Shoes a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have Orthopedic Shoes modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds Orthopedic Shoes of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the outsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the Orthopedic Shoes heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different Orthopedic Shoes companies use different Orthopedic Shoes materials Orthopedic Shoes for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a Orthopedic Shoes midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its Orthopedic Shoes function is to Orthopedic Shoes support the heel Orthopedic Shoes of the Orthopedic Shoes foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of Orthopedic Shoes the shoe. This part can be high Orthopedic Shoes for Orthopedic Shoes fashion or Orthopedic Shoes to make the person look taller, or flat for a more Mephisto Shoes practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any shoe Orthopedic Shoes has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for Orthopedic Shoes holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such Orthopedic Shoes as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more Orthopedic Shoes complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made Ellie Shoes in a certain style Orthopedic Shoes to look attractive. The U.S. Patent 3,355,535 , from 1967, describes a Orthopedic Shoes method Orthopedic Shoes for Swim Shoes producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967).
Accessories to shoes
Shoehorn: can Orthopedic Shoes be used to insert a foot into a shoe by Orthopedic Shoes keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used to apply polish Orthopedic Shoes to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: Orthopedic Shoes a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe Orthopedic Shoes insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, Orthopedic Shoes improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also be used to correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: a bag that Orthopedic Shoes protects shoes Orthopedic Shoes against damage when they are not being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a Orthopedic Shoes shoe Orthopedic Shoes longer or wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of Orthopedic Shoes a shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases the area Orthopedic Shoes of ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes Orthopedic Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a Orthopedic Shoes conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, England.
Dress and casual shoes
Dress shoes are categorized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes Orthopedic Shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and Orthopedic Shoes wide profile.
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Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of Orthopedic Shoes the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part of Orthopedic Shoes the shoe is often made Orthopedic Shoes without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or Orthopedic Shoes even Orthopedic Shoes itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's Orthopedic Shoes shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper Orthopedic Shoes rising above the ankle Orthopedic Shoes is Orthopedic Shoes usually considered a boot but Orthopedic Shoes certain styles Orthopedic Shoes may Orthopedic Shoes be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces or zippers, although Orthopedic Shoes some styles have Orthopedic Shoes elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on.
Men's shoes
Men's shoes Orthopedic Shoes can be Orthopedic Shoes categorized by how they are Orthopedic Shoes closed:
Balmorals: the vamp Orthopedic Shoes has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed Orthopedic Shoes lacing". In Orthopedic Shoes England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies Orthopedic Shoes to market shoes that are not balmorals, such as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather Orthopedic Shoes independently attached to the vamp; also known Orthopedic Shoes as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is known as the Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead of lacing
Various other Orthopedic Shoes closings exist but Orthopedic Shoes are less popular such as Orthopedic Shoes side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes can also be decorated in various ways:
Plain-toes: have Orthopedic Shoes a sleek appearance and no extra Orthopedic Shoes decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" Orthopedic Shoes the Orthopedic Shoes toe. This is possibly the Cole Haan Shoes most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the wing-tip, which extends down Orthopedic Shoes either Orthopedic Shoes side of the shoe. Brogues can Orthopedic Shoes be found in both balmoral and blucher styles. Please help improve this section by expanding Orthopedic Shoes it.
Further information might be found on Orthopedic Shoes the talk Orthopedic Shoes page or at requests for expansion.
The tone or style of this article or section Prada Shoes may not be appropriate for Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found on the talk page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December Orthopedic Shoes 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known in the US Orthopedic Shoes and UK as ballerinas, Orthopedic Shoes ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, Orthopedic Shoes exposing much of the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes with a higher heel.
High heels may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They are often seen as having more sex appeal Orthopedic Shoes than low heels (see article Orthopedic Shoes for discussion) Orthopedic Shoes and are thus commonly worn by women for formal occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot and Orthopedic Shoes sneaker pump: Orthopedic Shoes a shoe that looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped Orthopedic Shoes with a heel, making it a kind of Orthopedic Shoes novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a Orthopedic Shoes heel and usually made of Orthopedic Shoes leather.
Sandals: open shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving Orthopedic Shoes much of the foot exposed to air. They are thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let the foot be cooler Orthopedic Shoes than a closed-toed Orthopedic Shoes shoe would.
Saddle shoe: leather shoe with a contrasting Orthopedic Shoes saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or casual shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, Orthopedic Shoes or coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating shoes, also known as boat shoes and deck shoes: similar Orthopedic Shoes to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with no frills. Often made of canvas or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring Orthopedic Shoes or scratching a boat deck.
Boots: Orthopedic Shoes Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made of leather. Orthopedic Shoes Some are designed to be used Orthopedic Shoes in times of bad weather, or simply as Orthopedic Shoes an Orthopedic Shoes alternate style Orthopedic Shoes of casual or dress wear. Styles Orthopedic Shoes include rubber boots and snow boots, as Orthopedic Shoes well as work boots and hiking boots.
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Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be Orthopedic Shoes worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers Orthopedic Shoes (also called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, and/or plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis.
Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning.
Track shoes: lightweight; often with plastic or metal Orthopedic Shoes cleats
A shoe for the right foot.
Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable studs. Orthopedic Shoes Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or baseball.
A shoe for Orthopedic Shoes the right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in Orthopedic Shoes grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of Orthopedic Shoes synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more common today (and are required Orthopedic Shoes on many golf Orthopedic Shoes courses since they cause less Orthopedic Shoes damage to the greens).
Bowling shoes: intermediate style between ordinary dress shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. Orthopedic Shoes They are often rented or loaned at bowling Orthopedic Shoes alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed Orthopedic Shoes for rock climbing. They typically have a close fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky Orthopedic Shoes rubber Orthopedic Shoes sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper Orthopedic Shoes with many lace eyelets, to provide ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on Orthopedic Shoes the sole.
Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than Orthopedic Shoes the running shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, Orthopedic Shoes may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice Orthopedic Shoes skates
Roller skates
Inline Orthopedic Shoes skates
Ski boot: a large, thick plastic boot specially designed for attachment to the ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better Orthopedic Shoes grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes are equipped with a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole to maximize power transfer and support the foot.
Snowshoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. In temperate Orthopedic Shoes climates, snowshoes are used for mostly recreational purposes in winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, Sofft Shoes flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable Orthopedic Shoes footbeds, Orthopedic Shoes wide toe boxes and arch support are Orthopedic Shoes made especially for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Orthopedic Shoes Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with Tennis Shoes glue and a hardened sole so the dancer can stand Orthopedic Shoes on the Orthopedic Shoes tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to the dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous Orthopedic Shoes or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). The sole is typically Orthopedic Shoes made of Orthopedic Shoes leather, with thicker material under Orthopedic Shoes the ball and heel of the foot, and thinner Orthopedic Shoes and thus more flexible material under the arch Orthopedic Shoes so that the foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross over the top of the foot. They are Orthopedic Shoes most commonly Orthopedic Shoes pink, white, black, or Orthopedic Shoes pale tan, Orthopedic Shoes although they may be made in specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility and traction, and a low Orthopedic Shoes (one inch or shorter) heel. They are Orthopedic Shoes secured Orthopedic Shoes to the foot Orthopedic Shoes by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco Orthopedic Shoes dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for the two Orthopedic Shoes genres of dances as defined by the IDSF (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch Orthopedic Shoes heels and patent leather Orthopedic Shoes uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with Orthopedic Shoes low 2-inch heels, usually made Orthopedic Shoes of fabric so that they can be finished with a greater variety of colours Orthopedic Shoes to match the dancer's dress. The low Orthopedic Shoes Ballroom heel distributes the dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes have Orthopedic Shoes higher heels designed to throw the dancer's weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes Orthopedic Shoes typically have 1.5-inch to 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
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Dance sneakers. Orthopedic Shoes Also known as dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber Orthopedic Shoes toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with a one to three inch heel, which are usually Stride Rite Shoes made of Orthopedic Shoes leather, and often have one or more straps Orthopedic Shoes across the instep to secure the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. Orthopedic Shoes They may be converted Orthopedic Shoes to tap shoes by attaching taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called called Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that Orthopedic Shoes protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the appearance of having Orthopedic Shoes bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers.
A Orthopedic Shoes foot thong, viewed from the underside.
Work shoes
Work shoes Orthopedic Shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, Orthopedic Shoes and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort Orthopedic Shoes by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or Orthopedic Shoes ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn for tens of thousands of years. Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: Orthopedic Shoes these sandals, which are still worn today, Orthopedic Shoes Diabetic Shoes are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: a European Orthopedic Shoes wooden overshoe Orthopedic Shoes used to keep a person's feet dry outdoors. First Orthopedic Shoes worn in the middle ages, they continued in use even into the early Orthopedic Shoes 20th Prom Shoes century.
Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe Orthopedic Shoes in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe Orthopedic Shoes of many Orthopedic Shoes North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Orthopedic Shoes Some shoes are made of hard but Orthopedic Shoes deformable material. After a person wears them multiple times, the material reforms Orthopedic Shoes to fit the wearer's feet. The person is said Orthopedic Shoes to have broken Orthopedic Shoes in the shoes.
Polishing: for protection, water resistance (to some extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels periodically wear out. Not all shoes are designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all Orthopedic Shoes shoes can have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can be treated as trash or municipal solid waste and Orthopedic Shoes disposed of. The exception can be with most athletic sneakers which can be recycled and turned into other raw materials. See Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of Orthopedic Shoes the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Orthopedic Shoes Middle East and Orthopedic Shoes Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes Orthopedic Shoes when entering a Orthopedic Shoes house. In some areas of the United States, Orthopedic Shoes especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided Orthopedic Shoes for Orthopedic Shoes guests.
In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Orthopedic Shoes Thailand, it is considered rude to show Orthopedic Shoes the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing Orthopedic Shoes the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's head Orthopedic Shoes or be placed over it. Although feet touching Orthopedic Shoes heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai boxers insult each other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot (most Muay Thai kicks are Orthopedic Shoes executed Diesel Shoes with the shin). |
