The earliest known shoes date Orange Shoes from about 8000 to 7000 BCE and were found in Oregon, USA in 1938[1]. However, the materials used for making shoes do not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably Orange Shoes in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found Orange Shoes evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact Orange Shoes that the thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on Orange Shoes the premise that going barefoot results in greater bone growth before this period.[1]
Parts Orange Shoes of a shoe
Gluing a new outsole to an athletic shoe
Sole
The bottom of a shoe is called the sole.
Insole
The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe).
Outsole
The Orange Shoes outsole is the layer in direct Orange Shoes contact with the ground. Orange Shoes Dress Orange Shoes shoes have leather outsoles; Orange Shoes casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise Orange Shoes a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front Orange Shoes is leather Orange Shoes for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications Orange Shoes on this Orange Shoes design: athletic cleats have spikes Orange Shoes embedded in the outsole to Orange Shoes grip the ground; many kinds of Orange Shoes dancing shoes have Orange Shoes much softer Orange Shoes or harder soles.
Midsole
The layer in between the outsole and the insole that Orange Shoes is typically there Orange Shoes for shock absorption. Some types of Orange Shoes shoes, like Orange Shoes running shoes, have Orange Shoes another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Orange Shoes Some shoes may not have a midsole at all.
Heel
Women's fashion boots
The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to Orange Shoes support the heel of Orange Shoes the foot. They Orange Shoes are often made Orange Shoes of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, Orange Shoes or flat for a more practical use.
Vamp, or upper
Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the Orange Shoes shoe onto the Orange Shoes foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals Orange Shoes or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's Orange Shoes shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive. The U.S. Patent Orange Shoes 3,355,535 Orange Shoes , from 1967, describes a method for producing a shoe-upper (Hain 1967).
Accessories to Orange Shoes shoes
Shoehorn: can be Orange Shoes used to insert a foot into a shoe by keeping the shoe open and providing a smooth surface for Orange Shoes the foot to slide upon.
Shoe tree: placed inside the shoe when user is not wearing it, to help maintain the shoe's shape.
Shoe polishing equipment:
Shoe polish: a waxy material spread on shoes to improve appearance, glossiness, and provide protection.
Shoe brush and polishing cloth: used Orange Shoes to apply Orange Shoes polish to shoes.
Overshoes or galoshes: a rubber covering placed over shoes for rain and snow protection.
(Orthopedic) shoe insert: insert of various materials for cushioning, improved fit, or reduced abrasion. These include padding and inner linings. Inserts may also Orange Shoes be used to Orange Shoes correct foot problems.
Shoe bag: a bag Orange Shoes that protects shoes against damage Orange Shoes when they are not being worn.
Shoe stretcher: a tool for making a shoe longer or Orange Shoes wider or for reducing discomfort in areas of a shoe.
Snow shoe: a wooden or leather piece which increases the area of ground covered by the shoe.
Shoelaces: a system used to secure shoes.
Types of shoes
Shoes made from real crocodile skin, in a conservation exhibit at Bristol Zoo, Orange Shoes England.
Dress and casual shoes
Dress shoes are Orange Shoes categorized Orange Shoes by smooth and supple leather Orange Shoes uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and Orange Shoes wide profile.
Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either Orange Shoes gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made Orange Shoes of Orange Shoes leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. Orange Shoes This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the Orange Shoes ankles are also available; Orange Shoes a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle Orange Shoes is usually considered a Orange Shoes boot but certain styles Orange Shoes may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Orange Shoes Usually, a Orange Shoes high-topped shoe is Orange Shoes secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on.
Men's shoes
Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed:
Balmorals: the vamp has a V-shaped slit to which the laces are attached; also known as "closed lacing". Orange Shoes In England, the balmoral is known as the Oxford. The word "Oxford" is used by American clothing companies to market shoes that are not balmorals, such Orange Shoes as rubber-sole bluchers.
Bluchers: the laces are tied to two pieces of leather independently attached to the Orange Shoes vamp; also known as "open lacing". In England, the Blucher is known as the Derby shoe.
Monk-straps: a buckle and strap instead of Orange Shoes lacing
Various other closings exist but are less popular such as side-elastic closings.
Men's shoes can also be decorated in Orange Shoes various Orange Shoes ways:
Plain-toes: have a sleek appearance and no Orange Shoes extra decorations on the vamp.
Cap-toes: has an extra layer of leather that "caps" the toe. This is possibly the most popular decoration.
Brogues (American: wing-tips): The toe of the shoe is covered with a perforated panel, the Orange Shoes wing-tip, which extends down either side of the shoe. Brogues can Orange Shoes be found in both balmoral and blucher Orange Shoes styles. Please Orange Shoes help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on Orange Shoes the talk page or at requests for expansion.
The Orange Shoes tone or Orange Shoes style Orange Shoes of this article or section may Orange Shoes not be appropriate for Orange Shoes Wikipedia.
Specific concerns may be found on the talk Orange Shoes page. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions.(December 2007)
Women's shoes
There is a large variety of Orange Shoes shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Pumps, known in the US and UK as ballerinas, ballet pumps or skimmers, are shoes with a very low heel and a relatively short vamp, exposing much of the instep. They are popular for warm-weather wear, and may be seen as more comfortable than shoes with a Orange Shoes higher heel.
High heels Orange Shoes may be shoes with heels 2 inches (5 cm) or higher. They Orange Shoes are often Orange Shoes seen as having more Orange Shoes sex appeal than low heels (see article for discussion) and Orange Shoes are thus commonly Orange Shoes worn by women for formal occasions or social outings.
Sneaker boot and sneaker pump: a shoe that Orange Shoes looks like an athletic shoe, but is equipped with a heel, making it a kind of novelty dress shoe.
Either gender
Women's sandals
Clog
Platform shoe: shoe with very Orange Shoes thick soles and heels
Moccasin: originated by Native Americans, a soft shoe without a heel and usually made of leather.
Sandals: open shoes Orange Shoes consisting of a sole and various straps, leaving much of the Orange Shoes foot exposed to air. They are Orange Shoes thus popular for warm-weather wear, because they let Orange Shoes the Orange Shoes foot be cooler than a closed-toed shoe would.
Saddle shoe: Orange Shoes leather Orange Shoes shoe with a contrasting saddle-shaped band over the instep, typically white uppers with black "saddle".
Loafer: a dress or casual Orange Shoes shoe without laces; often with tassels, buckles, or Orange Shoes coin-holders (penny loafers).
Boating Orange Shoes shoes, also known as boat Orange Shoes shoes and deck shoes: Orange Shoes similar to a loafer, but more casual. Laces, if present, are usually simple leather (often two-tone) with Orange Shoes no frills. Often made of canvas Orange Shoes or featuring a white sole. They have soft soles/heels to avoid marring or Orange Shoes scratching a boat deck.
Boots: Long shoes (covering the ankle) frequently made Orange Shoes of leather. Orange Shoes Some are designed to be used in times of bad weather, Orange Shoes or simply as an alternate style of casual or dress wear. Styles include rubber boots and snow Orange Shoes boots, as well as work boots and hiking boots.
Slippers: For indoor use, commonly worn with pajamas.
Athletic shoes
Men's and women's Orange Shoes athletic shoes Orange Shoes and special function shoes often have less difference between Orange Shoes the sexes than in dress Orange Shoes shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn Orange Shoes by either sex. Emphasis tends to be Orange Shoes more Orange Shoes on function than style.
Sneakers/trainers (also Orange Shoes called gym shoes or tennis shoes): general purpose athletic shoes; made out of rubber, cloth, Dunham Shoes and/or Orange Shoes plastic to be lightweight, flexible, and have good traction. Special varieties are available for basketball or tennis.
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Running shoes: very similar to above, with additional emphasis on cushioning.
Track shoes: lightweight; Orange Shoes often with plastic or metal Orange Shoes cleats
A shoe for the right foot.
Cleat (shoe): a type of shoe featuring molded or removable Orange Shoes studs. Usually worn while playing sports such as rugby, football, American football, or Orange Shoes baseball.
A Orange Shoes shoe Orange Shoes for the Orange Shoes right foot.
Golf shoes: with "spikes" for better grip in grass and wet ground. Originally the spikes or "cleats" were made of metal but replaceable "soft spikes" made of synthetic plastic-like materials with prongs distributed radially around the edge of each spike are much more common today Orange Shoes (and Orange Shoes are required on many golf courses Orange Shoes since they cause less damage to the greens).
Bowling shoes: Orange Shoes intermediate style between ordinary dress Orange Shoes shoes and athletic shoes. They have harder rubber soles/heels so as not to damage bowling alley floors. They are often rented Orange Shoes or loaned at bowling alleys.
Climbing shoes: a shoe designed for rock climbing. They typically Saucony Running Shoes have a close Orange Shoes fit, little if any padding, and a smooth sticky rubber Orange Shoes sole with an extended rubber rand.
Hiking shoes Orange Shoes or boots: usually have a high somewhat stiff upper with many lace eyelets, to provide Orange Shoes ankle support on uneven terrain, with extra large traction on the sole.
Walking shoes: have a more flexible sole than the running Orange Shoes shoe, lighter in weight than the hiking boot, may have air holes, may not be water proof.
Skating shoes: typically called skates. They have various attachments for skating on the bottom of the shoe portion.
Ice skates
Roller skates
Inline skates
Ski boot: a Orange Shoes large, thick plastic boot specially designed Orange Shoes for attachment to the Orange Shoes ski.
Skateboarding shoes have flat soles for a better grip on a skateboard. They are very wide and have extra layers of padding to protect the skateboarders feet.
Cycling shoes Orange Shoes are equipped with Orange Shoes a metal or plastic cleat to interface with clipless pedals, as well as a stiff sole Orange Shoes to maximize power transfer and support the foot.
Snowshoes Chinese Laundry Shoes are special shoes for walking in thick snow. In temperate climates, snowshoes Orange Shoes are used for mostly Orange Shoes recreational purposes in winter.
Wrestling shoes are light, flexible shoes that mimic bare feet while providing additional traction and protection.
Orthopedic Orange Shoes shoes
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made Orange Shoes with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and Orange Shoes arch support are made especially Orange Shoes for those with problematic feet.
Dance shoes
Pointe shoes. Designed for ballet dancing. These have a toe box that is stiffened with glue and a Orange Shoes hardened sole so Orange Shoes the dancer can stand on the tips of their toes. They are secured by elastic straps and ribbons that are tied to Orange Shoes the dancer's ankles.
Ballet shoes Heel-less slippers made of canvas or leather, with either continuous or two-part sole (i.e., split-sole). Orange Shoes The Discount Dance Shoes sole is Orange Shoes typically made Orange Shoes of leather, with thicker material under the ball and heel Orange Shoes of the foot, and thinner and thus more flexible material under the arch Orange Shoes so that Orange Shoes the foot can be pointed to its utmost. Ballet slippers are usually secured by elastics that cross Orange Shoes over the top of the foot. Orange Shoes They are most commonly pink, white, black, or Orange Shoes pale tan, although they may Orange Shoes be made in specialty colours such as red or blue.
Jazz shoes. These typically have a two-part, rubberized sole Orange Shoes (i.e., split-sole) to provide both flexibility Orange Shoes and Orange Shoes traction, and a low (one inch or shorter) heel. They Orange Shoes are Orange Shoes secured to the foot by laces or elastic inserts.
Tango/flamenco dance shoes.
Ballroom shoes. They fall into two categories for Orange Shoes the two genres of dances as defined by the IDSF Orange Shoes (International DanceSport Federation): Ballroom and Latin American. Both are characterised by suede soles. Mens' Ballroom shoes are typically lace-ups with 1-inch heels and patent leather uppers. Ladies' Ballroom shoes are typically court shoes with low 2-inch heels, usually made of fabric so that they can be finished with a greater variety of colours to match the dancer's dress. The low Orange Shoes Ballroom heel distributes the Orange Shoes dancer's weight across the foot while Latin American shoes have higher heels designed to throw the dancer's Orange Shoes weight on to the toes and the soles are more flexible. Men's Latin shoes typically Orange Shoes have 1.5-inch to Orange Shoes 2-inch shaped heels while Ladies' Latin shoes have 2,5-inch Orange Shoes to 3-inch heels, open-toed and strapped.
Dance sneakers. Also known Orange Shoes as Orange Shoes dansneakers, these are a combination of a sneaker and a dance shoe, with a reinforced rubber toe.
Character shoes. Shoes with a Orange Shoes one to three inch heel, Orange Shoes which are usually made of leather, and often have one or more straps across the instep to secure Orange Shoes the foot during dance. They may come in soft-soled (suede) or hard-soled varieties. They may be converted to tap shoes by Orange Shoes attaching Orange Shoes taps.
Foot thongs. Variously called called Orange Shoes Foot Paws and FootUndeez, depending on the manufacturer, these are slip-on, partial foot covers that protect the ball of a dancer's foot from skin abrasions while executing turns. From Orange Shoes a distance, flesh colored foot thongs give a dancer the Orange Shoes appearance of having bare feet.
Modern pointe shoes.
Ballet shoes.
Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers.
A foot thong, viewed from the underside.
Work shoes
Work Orange Shoes shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for Orange Shoes uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial Orange Shoes settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may Orange Shoes include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.
Historical shoes
Footwear has been worn Orange Shoes for tens of thousands of years. Shoes Orange Shoes of the past include:
Espadrilles: these sandals, which are still worn today, are found as early as the 14th century.
Patten: Orange Shoes a European wooden overshoe used to keep a person's Orange Shoes feet dry outdoors. First worn in the Orange Shoes middle ages, they continued in use even into the early Orange Shoes 20th century.
Poulaine: a shoe with a long-pointed toe, popular in Europe in the 1400s.
Moccasins: the historical shoe of many North American Indian tribes.
Maintenance
Breaking-in: Orange Shoes Some shoes are made of hard but deformable material. After Orange Shoes a person wears them multiple times, the material reforms to fit the wearer's feet. Orange Shoes The person is said to have broken in the shoes.
Polishing: for Orange Shoes protection, water resistance (to Orange Shoes some Orange Shoes extent) and appearance, especially for leather shoes and boots.
Heel replacement: heels Orange Shoes periodically wear out. Not all shoes are Orange Shoes designed to enable this.
Sole replacement: soles also wear out. Not all shoes can have their soles replaced.
Shoelace replacement.
When unfit for use, shoes can be treated Orange Shoes as trash or municipal solid waste and disposed of. The exception can Orange Shoes be with most Footjoy Golf Shoes athletic sneakers which can be recycled and Squash Shoes turned into other raw Orange Shoes materials. See Orange Shoes Nike Grind as an example.
Someone who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler.
Shoe etiquette
In most parts of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and Africa, much of Northern Europe and Canada, as well as Alaska) it is customary to remove shoes when entering a house. In Orange Shoes some areas of the United States, especially the Midwest, it is expected that visitors remove their shoes unless a host specifically invites them to leave their shoes on. People do this to avoid bringing dirt, mud or snow into the house. For some societies, including those in Asia, indoor footwear may be provided for guests.
In the Middle East, parts Orange Shoes of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insult Orange Shoes for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's Orange Shoes head or be placed over Orange Shoes it. Although feet touching heads is an extremely rare occurrence in any society, some Muay Thai Orange Shoes boxers insult each Orange Shoes other by "kicking" the opponent's head with their foot Orange Shoes (most Muay Thai kicks are executed with Orange Shoes the shin). |
